illiiiiWWf 


MiiiilMi 


THE  LIBRARY 

OF 

THE  UNIVERSITY 

OF  CALIFORNIA 


IN  MEMORY  OF 

PROFESSOR  WILLIAM  MERRILL 

AND 

MRS.  IMOGENE  MERRILL 


lUM-  (jLf,.  Mi-f-fo 


Mr.  BENNETT'S  LATIN  BOOKS. 


i67no.     Cloth.     75  cents. 

EASY  LATIN  STORIES  FOR  BEGINNERS, 

With  Vocabulary  and  Notes. 


idmo.     Cloth.     $i.oo. 

FIRST    LATIN    WRITER, 

Comprising  Accidence,  the  Easier  Rules  of  Syntax  illustrated 
by  copious  Examples,  and  Progressive  Exercises  in  Ele- 
mentary Latin  Prose,  with  Vocabularies. 


xdvio.     Cloth.     J  $  cents. 

FIRST   LATIN    EXERCISES, 

Containing  all  the  Rules,  Exercises,  and  Vocabularies  of  the 
First  Latin  Writer,  but  omitting  the  Accidence. 


i6ino.     Sr-oo. 

SECOND    LATIN    WRITER, 

Containing  Hints  on  Writing  Latin  Prose,  with  Graduated 
Continuous  Exercises. 


JOHN     ALLYN,     Publisher, 

30,  FRANKLIN  STREET,  BOSTON. 


FIRST    LATIN    WRITER 


WITH    ACCIDENCE,   SYNTAX   RULES 
AND  VOCABULARIES 


BY 

GEORGE   L.    BENNETT,    M.A. 

HEAD    MASTER   OF   SUTTON   VALENCE   SCHOOL 


NE(V  EDITION 


Boston 

JOHN    ALLYN,   PUBLISHER 


MDCCCLXXXVIII 


EDUCAIIOH  LIBS, 
GIFT 


CONTENTS. 


PREFACE,  .... 

ACCIDENCE,      .... 

EXERCISES  ON  THE  SYNTAX  :— 

The  Simple  Sentence,  Ex.  1-150, 

The  Compound  Sentence, 

Adjectival  Clauses,  Ex.  151-175, 
Adverbial  Clauses,  Ex.  176-200, 
Substantival  Clauses,  Ex.  201-270, 

LATIN-ENGLISH  VOCABULARY,  . 

ENGLISH-LATIN  VOCABULARY,  . 


PAGB 

vii 


53 
117 

117 

126 

136 

161 

174 


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PREFACE. 

I  HAVE  prepared  this  First  Latin  Writer  in  the  hope 
that  it  may  prove  helpful  to  those  who  agree  with  me 
that  it  is  quite  useless  to  attempt  the  difficulties  of  the 
Compound  Sentence  before  the  Simple  Sentence  has 
been  thoroughly  mastered.  The  Accidence  and  Syntax 
rules  are  on  the  lines  of  the  Public  School  Latin 
Primer ;  I  have  attempted  to  make  them  easier  for 
beginners,  but  little  explanation  has  been  given,  as  the 
rules  are  put  shortly  in  plain  English.  I  have  not  been 
able  to  make  the  disconnected  sentences  illustrating  the 
Syntax  Rules  interesting,  but  I  hope  the  large  collec- 
tion of  pieces  for  translation  into  Latin  will  prove  so. 
Difficulties  of  rare  occurrence  have  been  avoided  as 
much  as  possible.  I  have  to  acknowledge  some  valu- 
able assistance  from  my  friend  Mr.  E.  D.  Mansfield  of 
Clifton  College. 

GEORGE  L.  BENNETT. 

High  School,  Plymouth, 


ACCIDENCE. 


THE   LETTERS. 


1.  The  Latin  Alphabet  is  the  same  as  the  English  without  w. 

The  letters  are  divided  into 

(a)  Vowels,  sounding  by  themselves,  a,  e,  i,  o,  u,  y.     I  (;), 
and  u  (v)y  are  called  semi-consonants. 

{h)  Consonants,  sounding  with  vowels : — 


MUTES. 

SEMIVOWELS. 

DOUBLE. 

HARD. 

SOFT. 

NASALS. 

SPIRANTS. 

LIQUIDS. 

Guttural,  or 
Throat  Sounds, 

c  k  q 

g 

n 

h 

rl 

X  =  C3 

z  =  ds 

Dental,  or 

Teeth  Sounds, 

t 

d 

n 

s 

Labial,  or 
Lip  Sounds,     . 

P 

b 

m 

fv 

A  dental  mute  drops  out  before  s :  so,  jjes  is  written  instead 
oi  peds. 

B.L.W.  A 


Parts  of  Speech. 


QUANTITY. 

2.  The  Quantity  of  syllables  is  short  (^),  long  (-),  or 
doubtful  (-). 

(a)  A  vowel  coming  before  another  voAvel  is  sJwrt. 

(h)  A  vowel   coming  before   two  consonants  or  a  double 
letter  is  long. 

(c)  All  diphthongs  are  long. 

(d)  A  short  vowel  is  doubtful  if  followed  by  a  mute  with  a 
liquid  after  it. 

PRONUNCIATION. 

3.  Pronounce  a,  i  as  in  French. 

e  as  English  a. 

^  as  in  English. 

ae  like  ai  in  French  Mai 

au  like  ow  in  coio. 

oe  like  ae. 

c  like  Jc. 

g  as  in  get. 

PARTS    OF   SPEECH. 

4.  There  are  eight  Parts  of  Speech  : 


1.  Substantive. 

2.  Adjective. 

3.  Pronoun. 

4.  Verb. 

These  change  according  to 
their  meaning. 


5.  Adverb. 

6.  Preposition. 

7.  Conjunction. 

8.  Interjection. 
These   always  remain    the 

same. 


A  Substantive  names  a  thing. 

An  Adjective  describes  a  substantive. 

A  Pronoun  is  used  to  prevent  the  repetition  of  a  substan- 
tive. 

A  Verb  states  what  a  thing  is,  does,  or  suffers. 

An  Adverb  qualifies  a  verb  or  adjective,  showing  Where, 
When,  How. 


Declension  of  Substantives. 


A  Preposition  governs  different  cases  of  substantives. 
A  Conjunction  joins  words  or  clauses  together. 
An  Interjection  is  an  exclamation. 

DECLENSION  OF   SUBSTANTIVES. 

5.  There  are  three  Genders,  Masculine,  Feminine,  and 
Neuter. 

Some  substantives  may  be  either  masculine  or  feminine. 
These  are  called  Common. 

Substantives  are  declined  by  Number  and  Case. 

There  are  two  Numbers,  Singular  and  Plural. 

There  are  six  Cases  : 

1 .  Nominative,  answering  the  question,  Who  ?  or  What  ? 

2.  Vocative,  used  in  addressing  a  person,  or  thing. 

3.  Accusative,  answering  the  question,  Whom  ?  or  What  ? 

4.  Genitive,  „  „  \Miose? 

5.  Dative,  „  ,,  To,  or  for,  whom  ?  or  what  ? 

6.  Ablative,  „  „  By,  with,  or  from,  whom?  or 

what? 


STEM-CHARACTER. 

6.  The  Stem  is  that  part  of  a  word  from  which  the  different 
cases  are  formed. 

The  stem  of  a  substantive  can  be  found  by  cutting  ofif  the 
syllable  -rum  or  -um  from  the  genitive  plural. 

The  last  letter  of  the  stem  is  called  the  Character. 

So,  from  the  stem  jped  (foot),  we  have 


J 

PLUR. 


/ 


'-"l^-^' 


:ii^ 


(a)  In  the  Nominative  Singular  pes  is  written  for  peds, 
because  it  sounds  better.     See  1,  (h.) 

(b)  Case  means  a  falling  away  from  the  stem. 


The  Five  Declensions. 


THE   FIVE   DECLENSIONS. 

7.  There  are  five  Declensions  of  Substantives,  distinguished 
by  their  Character. 

First  Declension — character,  A. 

Second       „  „  O. 

Third        „  „  Consonant  or  I, 

Fourth      „  „         U, 

Fifth         „  „         E. 

The  Vocative  is  the  same  as  the  Nominative,  except  in  words 
of  the  Second  Declension  ending  in  -us. 

In  Neuter  Substantives  the  Nominative,  Vocative,  and  Ac- 
cusative are  the  same,  and  in  the  plural  end  in  a. 

The  Dative  and  Ablative  Plural  of  all  genders  are  the  same. 


FIRST  DECLENSION  (Character,  A). 

8.  The  Nominative   ends  in  a  (usually  feminine),  except 
a  few  Greek  words,  in  as,  es  (masculine),  and  e  (feminine). 


Singular, 

Nom.  Mensa,,  a  table 

Voc.    Mensa,  0  table 

Ace.    Mensam,  a  table 

Gen.    Mensae,  of  a  table 

Dot.   Mensae,  to  or  for  a  table 

Abl.    Mensa,  by,  with,  or  from  a  table 


Plural 

Mensae,  tables 
Mensae,  0  tables 
Mensas,  tables 
Mensarum,  of  tables 
Mensis,  to  or  for  tables 
Mensis,  by,  with,  ovfrom  tables 


(a)  Some  few  words  that  have  a  corresponding  masculine 
form  in  the  Second  Declension  take  -ahils  instead  of  -is  in 
the  Dative  and  Ablative  Plural.  So  de^,  a  goddess,  deabus ; 
filia,  a  daughter,  f  iliabiis. 

(b)  Greek  words  in  as,  es,  e,  are  thus  declined : — 

Nom.         Voc.      Ace.  Gen.  Dat.  Abl. 

AenEas  -a        -an  -ae  -ae  -a 

Anchises,  -e  or  -3,  -en  -ae  -ae  -a 

Cybele  -e        -en  -es  -ae  -e 

(c)  Derived  from  the  Greek  we  have  a  few  masculine  forms 
ending  in  a  ;  so  poeta,  'poet;  nauta,  saxlm-. 


The  Five  Declensions. 


SECOND  DECLENSION  (Character,  O). 

9.  The  Nominative  ends  in  tis,  er  (masculine),  im  (neuter). 

a.  MASCULINE. 
Singular. 


Nom.  D5mlntis,  a  lord 

Voc.  D6mln6 

Ace.  DOmlnura 

Gen.  Ddmlni 

Dot.  D6mIiio 

Abl.  DOmlno 

I^om.  MSgistgr,  a  master 

Voc,  Ma,gist6r 

Ace.  Magistrum 

Oen.  Magistri 

Dat.  Magistro 

Abl.  Magistro 

Nom.  Pti6r,  a  boy 

Voc.  Pu6r 

Ace.  Pft6rum 

Gen.  Paeri 

Dat.  Pflgro 

Abl.  YMto 


Plural. 

Nom.  D5inlnl,  loi'ds 

Voc.  DSinlni 

Ace.  Ddmlnos 

Gen.  DomlnOrum 

Dat.  Domluls 

Abl.  Ddmlnis 

Nom.  Magistrl,  masters 

Voc.  Magistri 

Ace.  Magistros 

Gen.  Magistrorum 

Dat.  Magistris 

Abl.  Magistris 

Nom.  Ptigri,  boys 
Voc.     Ptl6ri 
Ace.     Ptigros 
Gen.     Pftgrorum 
Dat.     Pvigris 
Abl.     Paeris 


b.  NEUTER, 

Singular. 

Nrnn.  Voc.  Ace.  Bellum,  war 
Gen.  Belli 

Dat.  Abl.  BeUo 


Plural. 

Nom.  Voc.  Ace.  Bella,  loars 
Gen.  Bellorum 

Dat.  Abl.  Bellis 


Filiiis,  son,  gonitis,  familiar  spirit,  and  Eoman  proper  names 
ending  in  ills,  make  vocative  in  I. 

Deiis,  God,  makes  vocative  Deiis. 

Words  ending  in  iUs  or  iuiii  have  genitive  either  il  or  l. 

Greek  words  with  nominative  ending  in  as  have  on  some- 
times in  accusative  instead  of  um. 


THIRD  DECLENSION 

(Character,  Consonant  or  I). 

10.  Nouns  with  Consonant  Character  usually  have  more 
syllables  in  other  cases  than  the  nominative  and  vocative. 


Consonant-Nouns. 


Consonant-Nouns. 

a.  MASCULINE  AND  FEMININE. 


Sing-ular. 

Plural. 

Nom. 

Voc.  ludex,  judge 

Nom.  Voc.  Indices,  judges 

Ace. 

ludicem 

Ace.              ludlces 

Oen. 

ludicls 

Gen.              ludlcum 

Dat. 

ludici 

Dat.              ludicibtis 

AM. 

ludlcg 

AM.              ludicibtis 

Nom. 

Voc.  Aetas,  age 

Nom.  Voc.  Aetates,  ages 

Ace. 

Aetatem 

Ace.              Aetates 

Gen. 

Aetatis 

Gen.              Aetatum 

Dat. 

Aetati 

Dat.              Aetatibtts 

AM. 

Aetate 

AM.              Aetatibus 

Nom.  Voc.  L6o,  lion 
Ace.  LSonem 

Gen.  L6onIs 

Dat.  Lgonl 

AM.  L6on6 


Nom.  Voc.  L6on6s,  lions 
Ace.  Lgones 

Gen.  Lgonum 

Dat.  LSonibtis 

AM.  L6ombtts 


b.  NEUTER. 


Singular. 

Nom.  Voc.  Ace.  Nom6n,  name 
Gen.  Nominis 

Dat.  Nomlnl 

AM.  Noming 

Nom.  Voc.  Ace.  Optts,  work 
Gen.  Opgris 

Dat.  Opgri 

AM.  Op6r6 


Plural. 

Nom.  Voc.  Ace.  Nomina,,  names 
Gen.  Nominum 

Dat.  Nommibtts 

AM.  Nommibus 

Nom.  Voc.  Ace.  Op6ra,  works 
Gen.  Opgruni 

Dat.  Opgribas 

AM.  Opgribus 


C.  IRREGULAR. 


Old  man 

Pig 

Ox  or  cow 

Jwpiter 

Singular. 

M. 

c. 

c. 

M. 

Nom.  Voc. 

S6nex 

Sus 

Bos 

luppitSr 

— 

Ace. 

S6n- 

Su- 

B6v- 

lov- 

em 

Gen. 

S6n- 

Su- 

B5v- 

I5v- 

is 

Dat. 

S6n- 

Su- 

B6v- 

I5v- 

i 

AM. 

SSn- 

Su- 

B5v- 

I6v- 

6 

Plural. 

Nom.  Voc.  Ace. 

S6n- 

Su- 

B6v- 

— 

es 

Gen. 

S6n- 

Su- 

— 

— 

um 

Dat.  AM. 

S6n- 

Su- 

,-_ 

— 

ibtis 

I -Nouns. 


S'us  has  also  Dative  and  Ablative  Plural  siihus. 
Bos  has  Genitive  Plural  bourn,  Dative  and  Ablative  bobits 
or  buhUs. 
The  followin2j  are  declined  like  Consonant  Nouns  : — 


patSr,  father 
matCr,  mother 
frat^r,  brother 


acclpltgr,  hawh 
cSnls,  dog 
ittvCnls,  youth 


vates,  seer 
v6lucris,  bird 


Greek  consonant-nouns  form  Accusative  Singular  in  d  or 
em ;  Accusative  Plural  usually  in  ds :  as,  gigas,  giant ;  Ac- 
cusative Singular,  gigant3,  or  gigantem ;  Accusative  Plural, 
gigantSs. 

Some  Greek  words  in  eus  form  Accusative  Singular  eum  or 
ea ;  Genitive  Singular  el  or  ebs:  as,  Orpheus;  Accusative, 
Orpheum  or  Orphea ;  Genitive,  Orphei  or  Orpheos. 

I-NOUNS. 

11.  Nouns  with  character  I  usually  have  the  same  number 
of  syllables  throughout,  except  in  the  Gen.  Dat.  Abl.  Plural. 

a.  MASCULINE  AND  FEMININE. 


Singular. 
Nom.  Voc.  Ovis,  sheejp 
Ace.  Ovem 

Gen.  OvIs 

Dat.  Ovi 

Abl.  Ov6 

Nom.  Voc.  Nub6s,  cloud 
Ace.  Nubem 

Gen.  Nubis 

Dat.  Nubi 

AU.  Nubd 


Plural. 
Nom.  Voc.  Oves,  sheep 
Ace.  Oves,  or  6vis 

Gen.  Ovium 

Dat.  Ovibas 

Abl.  Ovlbtis 

Nom.  Voc.  Nubes,  clouds 
Ace.  Nubes,  or  nubis 

Gen.  Nubfum 

Dat.  Nublbtls 

Abl.  Nublbtis 


b.  NEUTER. 


Singular. 

Nom.  Voc.  Ace.  Os,  bone 
Gen.  Ossis 

Dat.  Ossi 

Abl.  Os86 

Nom.  Voc.  Ace.  Mar6,  sea 
Gen.  Mans 

Dat.  Abl.  Man 


Plural. 

Nom.  Voc.  Ace.  Ossa,  bones 
Gen.  Osslum 

Dat.  Osslbtls 

Abl.  Osslbtls 

Nom.  Voc.  Ace.  Mana 
Gen.  Mantim 

Dat.  Abl.  Manbas 


I -Nouns. 


C.  IRREGULAR, 

Accusative  em  or  im  ;  Ablative  i  or  e — 
Classis,/ee^;  febris, /ez^er  ;  messis, /ia?t;g5/ ;  clsiviSj  key ;  navis, 
ship  ;  puppis,  stern. 

Accusative  im  ;  Ablative  I — 

Tussis,  cough ;  sitis,  thirst ;  amussis,  carj)ente/s  rule. 

Accusative  em  ;  Ablative  I — 
Canalis,  canal;  aedilis,  aedile. 

Accusative  em  ;  Ablative  I  or  ^ — 

Imber,  shower;  utSr,  wine-skin;  venter,  helli/ ;  linter,  boat. 

Like  I-nouns  are  declined  :— 

1.  Words  with  stem  ending  in  two  consonants. 

2.  The  following  words  : — 


Glis,  dormouse,  stem  glir- 
Lis,  strife,  „     lit- 

Mas,  male,  „     mar- 

Mns,  mouse,  ,,     mur- 


JN"ix,  snow,  stem  iiiv- 

Strix,  owl,      „     strig- 

Faux,  jaio,     , ,     fauc- 

Yia,  force,      „     vir- {in  plm'al) 


FOURTH  DECLENSION  (Character,  U). 


12.  Masculine  and  Feminine  have  Nominative  in  us.  Neuter 

Plural. 


in  u. 


Singular. 

Norn.  Voc.  Gradiis,  ste} 
Ace.  Gradum 

Gen.  Gradus 

Dal.  Gradul 

AM.  Gradu 

H.V.A.        G6nu,  knee 
Gen.  G6nus 

Dat.  Ahl.      Genu 


Nom.  Voc.  Gradus,  steps 

Ace.  Gradus 

Gen.  Gradtium 

Dat.  Gradibtis  (iibtis) 

Ahl.  Gradibus  (libtls) 

N.V.A.  Ggniia,  Zrnees 

Gen.  Gentium 

Dat.  Ahl.  G6mbus  (tibtis) 


Domiis,  a  house:  Dative  Singular,  ul  or  6,  Ablative  6 ;  Accu- 
sative Plural,  us  or  os  ;  Genitive  Plural,  uum  or  orum. 


Adjectives. 


FIFTH  DECLENSION  (Character,  E). 
13.  Only  Feminine  nouns.     Nominative  ends  in  -es. 


Singular. 

Plural. 

Xo7n. 

Voc.  Dies,  day 

Norn.  Voc.  Dies,  da 

Ace. 

Diem 

Ace.              Dies 

Gen. 

Dlei 

Gen.              Dlenim 

Dat. 

Dlei 

Dat.             Dlebtls 

Abl. 

Die 

Abl.              Diebils 

Ees,  thing,  is  the  only  other  that  has  the  increasing  cases  in 
the  plural. 

ADJECTIVES. 

14.  Adjectives  of  three  endings  in  its,  a,  urn,  or  er,  a,  %nn, 
follow  the  Second  Declension  in  Masculine  and  Neuter ;  the 
First  Declension  in  Feminine:  as,  bonus,  good;  niger,  black; 
tener,  tender. 


Singular. 

Plural. 

MAS. 

FEM. 

NEUT. 

MAS. 

EEM. 

NEUT. 

Norn. 

B6ntia 

b6na 

bOnum 

B5ni 

b5nae 

b5na, 

Voc. 

B6n6 

b6na 

b6num 

B6m 

bonae 

b5na, 

Ace. 

Bdnum 

b<5nam 

bdnnm 

B6nos 

bSnas 

bond, 

Gen. 

B5ni 

b<3nae 

bdni 

B6norum 

bdnarum 

bonorum 

Dat. 

B6no 

bOnae 

b5no 

Bdnis 

b6ni8 

b6nis 

Abl. 

B6no 

b(3na 

b6no 

B6ms 

b5nis 

bonis 

Nom. 

Niggr 

nigril 

nigrum 

Nigri 

nigi-ae 

nigra 

Voc. 

Nlggr 

nigra, 

nigrum 

Nigri 

nigrae 

nigra, 

Ace. 

Nigrum 

nigram 

nigrum 

Nigros 

nigras 

nigra 

Gen. 

Nigri 

iiigrae 

nigri 

Nigrorum 

nigrarum 

nigrorum 

Dat. 

NigrG 

nigrae 

nigro 

Nigrls 

nigris 

nigris 

Abl. 

Nigro 

nigra 

nigro 

Nigrls 

nigris 

nigrls 

Nom. 

T6n6r 

tCnent 

t6n6rum 

Tgngri 

t6u6rae 

tendra 

Voc. 

T6n6r 

tengra 

tengrum 

T6n6ri 

t6n6rae 

tCngra 

Ace. 

T6n6rum  t6n6ram  tenfirum 

T6n6ro3 

t6n6ras 

tengra 

Gen. 

T6n6rl 

tengrae 

t6n6ri 

T6n6rorum  t6n6rarum  tCngrorum 

Dat. 

T6n6ro 

t6n6rae 

t6n6ro 

T6n6ris 

tenfiris 

tgnCris 

Abl. 

T6n6ro 

tCngri 

t6n?ro 

T6n6ri3 

tengris 

t6n6ris 

15.  All  other  Adje 

jctives  fol 

low  the  Third  Declension. 

Sing 

^ular. 

MAS. 

FEM.      NEUT. 

i 

MAS.  FEM. 

NEUT. 

Nom 

.  Voc.  M6ll6r      melias,  better 

Nom.  Voc 

.  Tristis 

triste,  sad 

Ace. 

Mehorem  mentis 

Ace. 

Tristem 

tristg 

Gen. 

Mellorls 

Gen. 

Tristis 

Dat. 

Mellori 

Dat. 

TristI 

Abl. 

Mellorg  or  i 

Abl. 

Tristi 

10        Numeral  and  Pronominal  Adjectives. 


Plural. 


MAS.  FEM.     NEUT. 

Nom.  Voc.  Ace.  M6lIores   mgllorS, 
Gen.  Meliorum 

Dat.  AM.  Melioribtts 


MAS.  FEM. 

Nom.  Voc.  Ace.  Tristes 
Gen.  Tristium 

Dat.  AM.  Tristibus 


NEUT. 

tristia 


Singular. 


MAS.  FEM. 

NEUT. 

MAS.  FEM.       NEUT. 

No7n.  Voc.            Felix, 

hapjyy. 

Nom. 

Voc. 

Ingens,  huge. 

Ace  '              Felicem 

felix 

Ace. 

Ingentem        ingens 

Ge7i.               Fellcis 

Gen. 

Ingentis 

Dat.               Felici 

Dat. 

Ingenti 

AM.              Felici 

AM. 

Ingenti  or  6 

Plural. 

iVom.  V.  A.  Felices 

felicia 

Nom. 

V.A 

.  Ingentes          ingentia 

Gen.               Felicium 

Gen. 

Ingentium 

Dat.  AM.      Felicibtis 

Dat. 

AM. 

Ingentibus 

Adjectives  in  er  of  Third  Declension  have  three  endings  in 
Nominative  Singular. 


Singular. 


Nom.  Voc.  C6l6r,  c6l6ris,  c6l6r6,  swift 

MAS.  FEM.  NEUT. 

Acc.  C6l6rem  c5l6r6 

Gen.  C6l6ris 

Dat.  AM.  CelSri 


Nom.  Voc.  Ac6r,  acris,  acre,  hecn 

MAS.  FEM.  NEUT. 

Acc.  Acrem  acr6 

Gen.  Acris 

Dat.  AM.  Acri 


Plural. 


N.V.A.     C6l6res,  c6l6ria 
Gen.  C6l6rium 

Dat.  AM.  Celgribus 


N.V.  A.    Acres 
Gen.  Acrium 

Dat.  AM.  Acribtis 


acria 


16.      NUMERAL   AND    PRONOMINAL 
ADJECTIVES. 


Singular. 

Plural. 

MAS.      FEM.      NEUT. 

MAS.             FEM. 

NEUT. 

Nom 

Unus    ana      Onuni,  one 

Nom.  tJni           Gnae 

una 

Acc. 

Unum  unam  iinum 

Acc.     tJnos         Unas 

una 

Gen. 

Unfus  (all  genders) 

Gen.    Unorum  unarum 

unorum 

Dat. 

Uni      (all  genders) 

Dat.    tJnis  (all  genders) 

AM. 

tjno       Una      uno 

AU.     Unis  (all  genders) 

Numeral  and  Pronominal  Adjectives.        11 


Unus  is  used  iu  Plural  with  Substantives  that  have  Plural 
only,  or  have  a  different  meaning  in  Plural.  Like  unus, 
decline  ullus,  any  ;  nullus,  none,  no  ;  totus,  whole  ;  solus,  aloiie. 


Singfular. 

MAS.        F£M.    NEUT. 

Nom.  Alitts    alia     allud,  other,  another 
Ace.    AlJtlm   aliam  allud 
Gen.    Alias  (all  genders) 
Dat.    Alii    (all  genders) 
Abl.    Alio       aha     alio 


MAS. 

Nom.  Alter 


Singular. 

FEM.  NEUT. 

altera     altCrum,  other,  the 
other 
Ace.    AltSrum  alteram  altfirum 
Gen.    Altgrifls  (all  genders) 
Dat.    Alt6ri      (all  genders) 
All.    Altero     altera     altSro 

Plural. 

MAS.  FEM.  NEUT. 

Nom.         AltCri  altfirae        altera 

Ace.  AltSros       altCras       altera 

Gen.  Altfirorum  alt6rarum  altfirorum 

Dai.  Abl.  Alt6ris  (all  genders) 


Plural. 

MAS.  FEM.  NEUT. 

Du6  duae         du5,  two 

DuosorduSduas         du5 
Duorum      duarum    duorum 


Nom. 

Ace. 

Gen. 

Dat.  Abl.  Duobtis       duabtis     duobtis 


Plural. 

MAS.  FEM.  NEUT. 

Alii        aiiae      alia 
Alios       alias       alia 

Aliorum    aliarum    ahorum 
Aliis  (all  genders) 
Aliis  (all  genders) 


MAS.         FEM.         NEUT. 

titer     utra     utrum,t<;7iic/t 
{of  two) 
Utrum  utram  utrum 
Utriiis  (all  genders) 
Utri      (all  genders) 
Utro     utra     utro 


MAS.  FEM.  NEUT. 

Utri  utrae       utra 

Utros       utras       utra 
Utrorum  utrarum  utrorum 
Utris  (all  genders) 


MAS.     FEM.    NEUT. 

Tres    tres    tria,  three 
Tres     tres    tria 
Trium  (all  genders) 
Tribus  (all  genders) 


Ambo,  lotk,  is  declined  like  duo. 

Other  cardinal  numbers,  from  4  to  200,  are  undeclined. 
From  200  to  900,  cardinal  numbers,  are  declined  Hke  the 
plural  of  honm. 

Mille,  1000,  is  an  undeclined  Adjective. 

Millii,  millium,  millibus,  thousands,  is  a  Substantive. 

Ordinal  numbers  are  declined  like  bonus. 

Distributive  numbers  are  declined  like  the  plural  of  hdnUs. 


12 


Numerals. 


17.  NUMERALS. 


Cardinal, 

Ordinal, 

DiSTRIBUTIVK, 

Adverbs, 

answering  the 

answering  the  question, 

answering  the 

answering  the 

question, 

which  in  numeric 

question, 

question, 

1 

how  many  ? 

order  ? 

how  many  each  ? 

how  often? 

untls 

primiis 

singiili 

s6m6l 

2 

du5 

s6cundtis  or  altSr 

bini 

bis 

3 

tres 

tertius 

terni  or  trini 

t6r 

4 

quatuSr 

quartils 

quaterni 

quatSr 

5 

quinquS 

quinttls 

quini 

quinquies 

6 

sex 

sexttis 

seni 

sexies 

7 

septem 

septimtis 

septeni 

septies 

8 

octo 

octaviis 

octoni 

octies 

9 

nSvem 

nontis 

n6veni 

nSvies 

10 

decern 

dgcimus 

deni 

dgcies 

11 

undgcim 

undgcimus 

undeni 

undgcies 

12 

du6d6cim 

du5d6clmtis 

du5deni 

du6d6cies 

13 

tr6d6cim 

tertitis  dgcimtis 

terni  dgni 

trgdScies 

14 

quatuordgcim 

quarttls  d6cimtls 

quaterni  deni 

quatuordgcies 

15 

quindgcim 

quinttls  d6cimils 

quini  deni 

quindScies 

16 

sedgcim 

sextus  dgclmtls 

seni  deni 

sedecies 

17 

septemdgcim 

septlmtis  dgcimus 

septeni  deni 

septies  d6cies 

18 

duodevlginti 
undeviginti 

du6devicesimtls 

du6deviceni 

duddevicies 

19 

undevicesimtis 

undeviceni 

undevicies 

20 

viginti 

viceslmtis 

viceni 

vicies 

21 

unfis  et  viginti 

primiis  et  vicesimus 

viceni  singiili 

s6m6l  et  vicies 

30 

triginta 

triceslmtis 

triceni 

tricies 

40 

quadrSginta 

quadragesimils 

quadrageni 

quadragies 

50 

quinquaginta 

quinquagesimtls 

quinquageni 

quinquagies 

60 

sexaginta 

sexagesimtis 

sexageni 

sexagies 

70 

septuaginta 

septuageslmtts 

septuageni 

septuagies 

80 

octoginta 

octogesimtts 

octogeni 

octogies 

90 

nonaginta 

nonageslmiis 

nonageni 

nonagies 

100 

centum 

eenteslmils 

centeni 

centies 

101 

centum  et  uniis 

centesimtls  primiis 

centeni  singiili 

centies  s6m6l 

200 

dtlcenti 

dttcentesimus 

dtlceni 

dticenties 

300 

trgcenti 

trgcentesimus 

trgceni 

trgcenties 

400 

quadringenti 

quadringentes!mus 

quadringeni 

quadringenties 

500 

quingenti 

quingenteslmtis 

quingeni 

quingenties 

600 

sexcenti 

sexcentesimtis 

seceni 

sexcenties 

700 

septingenti 

septingentesimtis 

septingeni 

septingenties 

800 

octingenti 

octingentesimiis 

octingeni 

octingenties 

900 

nongenti 

nongentesimtls 

nongeni 

nongenties 

1000 

mille 

milleslmtls 

singiila  millia 

millies 

2000 

du5  millia 

bis  raillesimtis 

1  bma  millia 

bis  millies 

1 

Comparison  of  Adjectives.  13 


COMPARISON  OF  ADJECTIVES. 

18.  The  Adjective  has  three  degrees  of  comparison,  the 
Positive,  the  Comparative,  and  the  Superlative.     So : — 

Positive,  Comparative.  Superlative. 

durils  duridr  durisslmtls 

hard  harder  hardest 

General  Kule. 

Change  i  or  is  of  the  Genitive  into  idr  for  comparative,  and 
into  mtmUs  for  superlative. 

ExceptiOTis. 

1.  Adjectives  with  Nominative  in  Sr  form  superlative  by 
adding  rXmiis. 

So  crebSr,  frequent,  crebrior,  creberrimiis.     V^ttis,  ancient, 
forms  vSterrimtis,  from  stem  vSter. 

2.  Six  adjectives  form  the  superlative  by  changing  fs  into 
Itmus : — 

FScTlIs,  easT/  Simllls,  like  Gracilis,  slender 

Diflflcllls,  difficult  Disslmllls,  unlike  Hilmllls,  lowly 

Superlative  facil-Umus,  etc. 

3.  Adjectives  ending  in  dtcHs,  ftcUSj  vdlUs,  are  compared  in 
enti6r,  entisstmus. 

So  malSdicus,  abusive,  m^l^dicenti5r,  mS-lSdicentissimus. 

4.  Adjectives  ending  in  us  pure  (preceded  by  a  vowel), 
generally  use  in  comparison  mdgts,  maxtmS. 

So  dubitis,  doubtful,  m^gis  dubiiis,  maximS  dubiiis. 

19.  Irregular  Comparison. 


Positive. 

Comparative. 

Superlative. 

b6ntls,     good 

m6li6r 

optimtls 

maids,     had 

peior 

pesslmtls 

magntls,  great 

malor 

maxlmtis 

parvtts,    small 

mindr 

mlnlmtls 

multCls,    mtirh. 

plus 

plurlmtts 

nequam,  worthless. 

nequWr 

nequisslmtts 

(n)  Plus  is  only  Neuter  in  Singular ;  but  has  full  Plural. 


14 


Comparison  of  Adverbs. 


(6)  DivSs,  rkhf  divitior  or  ditior,  divitissimiis  or  ditissimus. 

(c)  Senex,  old,  senior,  natu  maior,  or  maior,  sujperlaiive 
natu  maximus  or  maximus. 

luvenis.  young,  iunior,  natu  minor,  or  minor,  superlative 
natu  minimus  or  minimus.     Natu  means  '  by  birth.' 

20.  Adjectives  of  position  derived  from  prepositions. 
Preposition.  Positive.  Comparative.  Superlative. 


e,  ex,  out  of 

extgriis,  outside 

ext6ri6r 

extremtis  or  exti- 
miis 

stipgr,  above 

siipgrtis,  high 

stip6ri5r 

supremtts  or  sum- 
mfis 

infra,  beloio 

infgrtis,  deep 

inf6ri5r 

infimus  or  imiis 

post,    after 

postgrus,  next  after 

•  postSriSr 

postremus  or  pos- 
ttlmus. 

intra,  within 

int6ri5r 

intimtis 

prae,    before 

pri6r 

primiis 

citra,   on  near 

side  of          

cit6ri5r 

citlmiis 

ultra,   beyond 

ult6ri6r 

ultimiis,  last 

pr6p6,  near 

pr5piQr 

proximtls 

de,       down  from               

deteriOr,  it^orse  deterrimtts,  worst 

COMPARISON  OF  ADVERBS. 

21.  Adverbs  derived  from  adjectives  are  compared  in  the 
same  way,  as  is  stated  in  the  General  Rule  on  p.  1 3,  and 
have  their  endings  Us  for  Comparative  and  e  for  Superlative. 

So:— 


Positive. 
digntts  {adj.),  worthy 
digne,  ivorthily 
audax  {adj. ),  bold 
audacter,  boldly 
gravis  {adj.),  heavy 
gravitgr,  heavily 

Comparative. 
digniSr 
digmiis 
audaciCr 
audaciUs 
gravlGr 
gravitis 

Superlative. 
dignissimtis 
dignissime 
audacissimtis 
audacissime 
gravisslmtis 
gravissime 

So:— 

saepg,  often 
diu,  long 

saepitis 
diutiils 

saepisslme 
diutissime 

Irregular  Comparison. 

multum,  m^ich 
magn6p6r6,  greatly 

plus 
magis 

plurimura 
maxime 

Pronouns.  15 


PRONOUNS. 

22,  Personal  or  Reflexive  Pronouns  are  Substantival ;  that 
is  to  say,  they  take  the  place  of  a  Substantive :  the  rest  are 
generally  Adjectival ;  that  is  to  say,  they  take  the  place  of  an 
Adjective. 


Personal. 

1.  FIRST  PERSON. 

Singfular. 

Plural. 

Nom.  £g5,  / 
Ace.     Me 
Gen.     Mei 
Dat.    Mlhi 
Ahl.     Me 

Nom.  Nos,  we 

Ace.     Nos 

Gen.     Nostri,  or  nostrum 

Dat.     Nobis 

Ahl.     Nobis 

2.  SECOND  PERSON. 

Nom.  Voc.  Tu, 
Ace.             Te 
Gm.             Tui 
Dai.             Tibf 
Ahl.             Te 

thou 

Nom.  Voc.  Vos,  you 

Ace.             Vos 

Gen.             Vestri,  or  vestrum 

Dat.             Vobis 

Ahl.             Vobis 

Reflexive. 

SINGULAR  AND  PLURAL. 
Nom.  (Wanting) 

Ace.     Se,  or  sese,  himsel/\  herself ,  itsel/t  themselves 
Gen.     Sui 
Dat.    Sib! 
Ahl.     Se,  or  sese 

Possessive. 

23.  Like  bdiiils. 

Metis,  mea,  meum,  my,  mine 

Tufts,  tua,  tuum,  i/^y,  </«'?ie 

Sufls,  sua,  suiun,  his,  her,  its,  their  own 

Like  ntgSr. 

NostSr,  nostra,  nostrum,  our 
Vest6r,  vestri\,  vestnim,  your 

LUus  has  vocative  singular,  ml,  meet,  meum  ;  tuits,  suits  have 
none. 


16 


Pronouns. 


Demonstrative. 

24. 

Is,  that,  or 

he,  she,  it. 

Singular. 

Plural. 

Norn. 

Ace. 

Gen. 

Dat. 

AU. 

Is        ea        id 
Eum    earn     id 

Ij^^    all  genders 

Eo       ea        eo 

Nom.  li               eae           ea 
Ace.     Eos            eas           ea 
Gen.     Eorum      eavum      eorum 
Dat.    lis  or  eis     „,,  „^„  j^„„ 
AU.     lis  or  eis    ^U  genders 

Hie,  this  ( 

near  me). 

Singular. 

Plural. 

Nom. 

Ace. 

Gen. 

Dat. 

AU. 

Hic        haec        hoc 
Hunc     hanc        hoc 

™f  jail  genders 

Hoc        hac          hoc 

Nom.  Hi          hae          haec 
Ace.     Hos        has          haec 
Gen.     Horum  harum    horum 

%    gSUu  genders 

lUe,  that  (yonder). 

Singular. 

Nom.  1116        iim        illfid 
Ace.     Ilium     illam     illttd 

""Z.    ?r}^"  genders 
AU.     Ills        ilia        ill5 


Plural. 

Nom.  lUi  illae 

Ace.     Illos        illas 
Gen.     Illorum  illarum 
Dat.    Illis)    ,,    ^„,^^„ 
AU.     iiiis|all  genders 


ilia 
ilia 

illorum 


25. 


Iste,  that  (near  you),  is  declined  like  ilU. 
Definitive. 
Idem,  same. 
Singular. 


Nom.  Idem        eadem        idem 
Ace.     Eundem  eandem      idem 
Gen.    Eiusdem  )    ,,  ^p„jp^„ 
Dat.    Eldem      j  aU  genders 

AU.     Eodem      eadem        6odem 


lidem 
Eosdem 
Eorundem 
lisdem  or  6isdem 
lisdem  or  6isdem 


Plural. 

eaedem 
easdem 
earundem 


eadem 
eadem 
eorundem 


all  genders 


Ipse,  self,  is  declined  like  ilU,  but  with  neuter  singular 
Nominative,  Accusative,  ipsum. 

Relative. 

26.  Qui,  who,  or  which. 


Nom. 

Ace. 

Gen. 

Dat. 

AU. 


Singular. 

Qui        quae        qu6d 
Quern    quam       quQd 

g«"^  jail  genders 

Quo        qua  quo 


Plural. 

Nom.  Qui  quae  quae 

Ace.     Quos  quas  quae 

Gen.     Quorum     quarum     quorum 
Dat.     Quibtis  or  quis 
AU.     Quibtts  or  quis 


all  genders 


Compounded  Pronoxms. 


17 


l^TEKKOtJATlVE. 

27.  Quis,  icho  ? 

Kom.  Quls     (quis)   quid 
Ace.    Quern   quam   quid 


Indefinite. 

Quis,  any  one. 

Norn.  Quis      qua      quid 

Ace.    Quern  quam  quid 


111  other  forms,  as  Relative. 

Indefinite  Nominative  Plural  Neuter,  qiut  or  quae. 

The  form  qui,  qiiaey  quod,  declined  as  the  Relative,  is  used 

in  agreement  with  a  Substantive,  either  as  Interrogative  or 

Indefinite. 

COMPOUNDED  PRONOUNS. 

28.  Some  pronouns  are  strengthened  by  a  syllable  added 
to  them,  which  remains  invariable.  So  quidam,  a  certain  oney 
Genitive,  cuiusdam ;  ecquis,  any  one  ?  Genitive,  eccuius  1 


29, 


TABLE  OF  PRONOUNS. 


Personal. 


Ist  Peru.          eg6 

/ 

nos 

we 

2d  Pers.          tu 

thou 

vos 

you 

3d  Pers.  (supplied  by  Demonstratives) 

he,  she,  it 

Reflexive. 

UtPers.          (me)  ipsum      ipsam 

myself 

2d  Pers.           (te)     ipsum      ipsam 

yourself 

3d  Pers.            se 

him,  her,  its,  self,  themselvca 

Possessive. 

l8t  Pers.          metts 

meS.       meum 

my,  mine 

nost6i 

nostra,  nostrum 

our 

2d  Pers.          tutis 

tua        tuum 

thy,  thine 

vestfir 

vestri  vestrum 

your 

3d  Pers.           sutts 

sua,        8uum 

his,  lier,  its,  tlveir,  own 

Demonstrative. 

All  Pers.         Is 

ea          id 

that,  or  he,  she,  it 

hic 

haec      hue 

this  {near  me) 

ills 

ilia        illiid 

that  (yonder) 

istg 

ista       istad 

tJwi  {near  you) 

Definitive. 

All  Pers.         idem 

eadem  Idem 

the  same 

ips6 

ipsa       ipsum 

self 

Relative. 

Relative           qui 

quae     qu6d 

who,  which 

Interi'ogative  quls 

(quls)    quid 

w1u>? 

Indefinite         quls 
.L.W. 

qua       quid 

any 

B 

Conjugations. 


THE  VERB. 

30.  In  the  Latin  Verb  there  are — 

1.  Three  Persons — First,  Second,  and  Third. 

2.  Two  Numbers — Singular  and  Plural. 

3.  Seven  Tenses — four  Primary  and  three  Historic. 

Pkimary. — Present ;  as,  a,mo,  /  love. 

Future  Simple  ;  as,  amabo,  /  sliall  love. 

Future  Perfect ;  as,  amav6ro,  1  shall  have  loved. 

Perfect ;  as,  3,mavi,  /  have  loved. 
Historic. — Imperfect ;  as,  amabam,  /  was  loving. 

Aorist ;  as,  amavi,  I  loved. 

Pluperfect ;  as,  a,mav6ram,  /  had  loved. 

Note. — There  is  only  one  form  for  the  Perfect  and  Aorist; 
so  amav'i  either =/  lime  loved,  or  /  loved. 

4.  Three  Moods  of  the  Verb  Finite. 

Indicative ;  as,  3,mo,  /  love. 
Imperative ;  as,  ama,  love  thou. 
Conjunctive ;  as,  amem,  /  may  love. 

5.  Verb-Nouns  of  the  Verb  Infinite. 

Infinitive,  with  the  Gerunds  and  Sujjincs  which  act  as 

its  cases. 
Participles,  dechned  hke  Adjectives. 

6.  Two  Voices — Active  and  Passive ;  as 

Amo,  /  love  ;  am5r,  /  am  loved. 

CONJUGATIONS. 

31.  There  are  four  Conjugations  of  Eegular  Verbs. 

First  Conjugation — character,  A 

Second         „  „  E. 

Third  „  „  Consonant  or  U. 

Fourth         „  „  I. 

To  conjugate  a  verb,  the  Present,  Perfect,  and  Supine 
Stems  must  be  known. 

1.  The  Present  Stem  in  the  First,  Second,  and  Fourth 
Conjugations  is  found  by  taking  the  syllable  re  from  the 
Present  Infinitive  Active;  in  the  Third  Conjugation  by 
taking  away  the  syllable  ere. 

2.  The  Perfect  Stem  is  found  by  taking  the  syllable  I  from 
the  Perfect  Indicative  Active. 


Formation  of  Tenses.  19 


3.  The  Supine  Stem  is  found  by  taking  the  syllable   um 
from  the  Supine. 


DEPONENT  VERBS. 

32.  Deponent  Verbs  (with  a  few  exceptions)  are  passive 
in  form,  active  in  meaning ;  as,  iitor,  /  ttse. 

1.  The  Present  Stem  in  the  First,  Second,  and  Fourth 
Conjugations  is  found  by  taking  the  syllable  rl  from  the 
Present  Infinitive ;  in  the  Third  Conjugation  by  taking  away 
the  syllable  i. 

2.  The  Supine  Stem  is  found  by  taking  the  syllable  um 
from  the  Supine. 

Deponent  Verbs  are  conjugated  like  Passive  Verbs,  but 
have  also  Gerunds,  Supines,  Participles,  and  Future  Infinitives 
of  active  form. 

Intransitive  Deponents  have  no  Supine  in  u,  nor  Gerundive. 


POWERS. 

33.  Active  and  Deponent  Verbs  are  either — 
Transitive,  acting  on  an  object ;  as,  amo  te,  I  love  thee,  or 
Intransitive,  not  acting  on  an  object ;  as,  sto,  /  stand. 

Intransitive  Verbs  are  not  used  in  the  Passive  except 
impersonally,  that  is  to  say,  without  ti  subject — as,  pugnatum 
est,  he,  or  they  fought  (lit.  there  luas  fighting). 


34.  FORMATION    OF   TENSES. 

Present  Stem.       i        Perfect  Stem.        ■        Supine  Stem. 
All  Presents.  i  All  Perfects  Active.      j  Supines. 

All  Futures  Simple.       I  All  Pluperfects  Active,  i  Fut.  Participle  Active. 
All  Imperfects.  I  Future  Perfect  Active.  |  Perf .  Participle  Passive. 

Gerund  and  G  erundi  ve. !  I 


20 


35.  ENGLISH  MEANINGS  OF  THE 


Name  of  Tense. 

ACTIVE  VOICE. 

Present  Indie. 

I  love,  am  loving,  do  love.     Thou  lovest,  art 
loving,  dost  love,  etc. 

Present  Conj. 

I  may  love.     Thou  mayst  love.     He  may 

K5 

love,  etc. 

8 

Present  Imper. 

Love  (thou).           Love  (ye). 

Ex 

Present  Infinitive 

To  love. 

:^ 

Present  Partic. 

Loving  {adjective). 

Imperf.  Indie. 

I  was  loving.     Thou  wast  loving,  etc. 

02 
fen 

Imperf.  Conj. 

I    might,    should    love.         Thou    mightst, 

shouldst  love,  etc. 

CO 

Put.  Simp.  Indie. 

I  shall    love.      Thou    wilt   love.      He  will 

Kl 

love,  etc. 

ft. 

Flit.  Simp.  Imper. 

Thou  must  love.     He  must  love,  etc. 

Gerwid 

Loving  {suhsta?itive). 

Gerundive 

CO 

Perfect  Indie. 

I  have  loved.     Thou  hast  loved.     He  has 

g 

6^ 

loved. 

Aorist 

I  loved.     Thou  lovedst.     He  loved,  etc. 

E-( 

Perfect  Conj. 

I    may    have    loved.      Thou    mayst    have 

loved,  etc. 

CO 

Perfect  Infin. 

To  have  loved. 

e-i 

Imperf.  Indie. 

I  had  loved.     Thou  hadst  loved,  etc. 

Pluperf.  Conj. 

I  should  have  loved.     Thou  wouldst  have 

\       .loved,  etc. 

Future  Perfect        I    shall    have    loved.       Thou    wilt    have 
loved,  etc. 

Supine  in  um 

To  love  {substantive). 

Supine  in  ii 

In  loving  {substantive). 

fsE-1 

Future  Participle 

About  to  love. 

Future  Infinitive 

To  be  about  to  love. 

CO 

Perject  Participle 

None. 

LATIN  TENSES.     VERB  *  To  Love.'  21 


PASSIVE  VOICE. 


I  am  being  loved.     Thou  art  being  loved.     He  is  being  loved,  etc. 

I  may  be  loved.     Thou  mayest  be  loved.     He  may  be  loved,  etc. 

Be  (thou)  loved.  Be  (ye)  loved. 

To  be  loved. 

Nojie. 
I  was  being  loved. 
I  might,  should  be  loved.     Thou  mightst,  shouldst  be  loved,  etc. 

I  shall  be  loved.     Thou  wilt  be  loved.     He  will  be  loved. 

Thou  must  be  loved.   He  must  be  loved,  etc. 

Meet  to  be  loved  {adjective). 


I  have  been  loved.     Thou  hast  been  loved.     He  has  been  loved,  etc. 

I  was  loved.     Thou  wast  loved.     He  was  loved,  etc. 

I  may  have  been  loved.     Thou  mayst  have  been  loved,  etc. 

To  have  been  loved. 

I  had  been  loved.     Thou  hadst  been  loved.     He  had  been  loved,  etc. 

I  should  have  been  loved.     Thou  wouldst  have  been  loved,  etc. 

I  shall  have  been  loved.     Thou  wilt  have  been  loved,  etc. 


None. 

None. 

None. 
To  be  about  to  be  loved. 
Loved,  or  Having  been  loved. 


22 


36.  TENSE-ENDINGS  OF  THE 


Tense. 

■St 

ACTIVE  ENDINGS. 

Pres.  Indie. 

1,2,4 

3 

-0 
-0 

-s        -t        -mus        -tis 
-is       -it       -Imus       -itis 

-nt2 
-unt 

Pres.  Conj.     ] 

I 

2,3,4 

-am 

-es      -et      -emus      -etis 
-as      -at      -amus      -atis 

-ent 
-ant 

CO 

Pres.  Imper.  ] 

1,2,4 

3 

-te 

e                                -ite 

Pre^.  Infin.     j 

1,2,4 

3 

-re 
-6re 

Pres.  Partic.  ] 

I,  2 

3,4 

-ns 
-ens 

CO 

Imp/.  Indie,  j 

I,  2 

3,4 

-bam 
-ebam 

-bas    -bat   -bamus   -batis 
-ebas  -ebat  -ebamus  -ebatis 

-bant 
-ebant 

CO 

Imp/.  Conj.    j 

1,2,4 

3 

-rem 
-6rem 

-res    -ret    -remiis    -retis 
-6res  -6ret  -6remus  -6retis 

-rent 
-grent 

!«5 

Future  Indie.  \ 

I,  2 

3,4 

-bo 
-am 

-bis    -bit    -bimus    -bitis 
-es      -et      -emus      -etis 

-bunt 
-ent 

Future  Imp.  \ 

1,2,4 

3 

-to      -to                     -tote 
-ito    -ito                   -itote 

-nto- 
-unto 

Gerund 

I,  2 

3,4 

-ndum 
-endum 

^cd 

Perf.  hid.  Aor. 
Perfect  Conj. 

all 
all 

-grim 

-isti    -it       -Imus      -istis 
-6ris  -grit  -grlmus  -gritis 

-grunt 

or  ere 

-grint 

Perfect  Infin. 

all 

-isse 

§g 

Pluperf.  Indie. 

all 

-gram 

-6ras  -grat  -gramus  -gratis 

-grant 

s^ 

Pluperf.  Conj. 

aU 

-issem 

-isses  -isset  -issemus  -issetia 

-issent 

a, 

Fut. Perf. Indie. 

all 

-6ro 

-gris   -grit  -grimus  -gritis 

-erint 

Supine 

all 

Ace.  - 

iim ;  Ahl.  -u. 

CO«q 

laqco 

Future  Partic. 

all 

-urus 

-ura  -urum 

Future  Infin. 

all 

-urus 

-ura  -urum  esse 

Perfect  Partic. 

aU 

1  In  ^-Verbs  the  a  is  lost  in  these  endings,  as  amo  (for  ama-o).  amem,  etc. 
*  /-Verbs  insert  u,  as  audi-unt,  audi-nnto. 


FOUR  REGULAR  CONJUGATIONS. 


23 


PASSIVE  ENDINGS. 

l-or 

-ris^ 
-gris^ 

-tur 
-itur 

-mur 
-imur 

-mini 
-imlni 

-ntur^ 
-untur 

l-ar 

-eriss 
-aris2 

-re 
-ere 

-etur 
-atur 

-emur 
-amur 

-emini 
-amini 

-mini 
-Imini 

-entur 
-antur 

-ri 
-i 

No7ie 

None 

-bar 
-ebar 

-baris^ 
.ebaris  = 

-batur 
-ebatur 

-bamur 
-ebamur 

-bamlni 
-ebamini 

-bantur 
-ebantur 

-rer 
-6rer 

-reris- 
-greris- 

-retur 
-eretur 

-remur 
-gremur 

-remTni 
-gremini 

-rentur 
-firentur 

J-bor 
i-ar 

-beris- 
-eris* 

-bitur 
-etur 

-bimur 
-emur 

-bimini 
-Omlni 

-buntur 
-entur 

ntor^ 
untor 


1  In  ^ -Verbs  the  a  is  lost  in  these  endings,  as  amor  (for  uma-or),  umer. 

2  Tliere  is  an  alternative  form,  re  for  ris. 

3  J- Verbs  insert  «,  as  audi-untur,  audi-untor. 


24 

37.  THE  VERB  SUM,  ^I 

Am.' 

PEESENT  STEM  Es- 

Present. 

Imperfect. 

Future  Simple. 

I  am. 

/  was. 

I  shall  he. 

s. 

1.  Sum 

eram 

ero 

2.  es 

eras 

eris 

^ 

3.  es-t 

erat 

grit 

PI 

1.  siimus 

eramus 

erimus 

Q 

>, 

2.  es-tis 

eratis 

gritis 

h 

1— 1 

|-( 

3.  sunt 

erant 

grunt 

M 

I  may  he. 

I  might,  should,  would  be. 

^2; 

l-H 

S. 

1.  sim 

es  -sem     or  forem 

(x< 

2.  sis 

es  -ses        „  fores 

3.  sit 

es  -set        „  foret 

PL 

1.  simus 

es  -semus  „  foremus 

> 

O 

2.  sitis 

3.  sint 

es  -setis     „  foretis 
es  -sent     „  forent 

c4 

Be  thou. 

Thou  must  be. 

^ 

S. 

2.  es 

es  -to 

^ 

f^ 

3.  — 

es  -to 

1*^ 

PL 

2.  es-te 

es  -tote 

•-I 

3.  — 

sunto 

ui 

To  he. 

g 

es  -se 

z 

1^ 

2 

1— 1 

o" 

m 

1-1 

Ot^ 

Eh 

U] 

"^ 

> 

Bi 

Prosum  takes  d  before  e ;  so,  proj 

mm,  pro-d-es, 

Absum,  praesum, 

have  Present 

THE  VERB  SUM,  *I  Am.' 


25 


PERFECT  STEM  Fu- 

Perfect  and  Aorist. 

Pluperfect. 

Future  Perfect. 

/  have  been.     I  was. 
S.    1.  fu-i 

2.  fu  -isti 

3.  fu  -it 
PI.  1.  fu-imus 

2.  fu  -istis 

3.  fu -erunt  07' -ere 

/  Jiad  been. 
fu  -gram 
fu  -eras 
fu  -grat 
fu  -gramus 
fu  -gratis 
fu  -grant 

/  shall  Imve  been. 
fu  -gro 
fu  -gris 
fu  -grit 
fu  -grimus 
fu  -gritis 
fu  -grint 

/  may  have  been. 

S.    1.  fu  -grim 

2.  fu  -gris 

3.  fu  -grit 
P/.  1.  fu-grimus 

2.  fu  -gritis 

3.  fu  -erint 

/  might,  tco^ild, 
should  have  been. 
fu  -issem 
fu  -isses 
fu  -isset 
fu  -issemus 
fu  -issetis 
fu  -issent 

2'o  Jiave  been. 
fu  -isse 

Future  Participle — futurus,  about  to  be. 

Future  Infinitive — fore  or  futurus  esse,  to  be  about  to  be. 

pro-d-est,  prosumus,  pro-d-estis,  prosunt. 
Participles — absens,  praesens. 

26 


38.  A-VERBS— ACTIVE  VOICE. 


PEESENT  STEM  Ama- 

Present. 

Imperfect. 

Future  Simple. 

/  love,  am  loimia. 

te' 

do  love. 

I  was  loving. 

/  shall  love. 

•-1 

S. 

1.  Amo 

ama  -bam 

ama  -bo 

2.  ama  -s 

ama  -has 

ama  -bis 

o 

3.  ama  -t 

ama  -bat 

ama  -bit 

q 

FL 

1.  ama  -mus 

ama  -bamus 

ama  -bimus 

2.  ama  -tis 

ama  -batis 

ama  -bitis 

3.  ama  -nt 

ama  -bant 

ama  -bunt 

/  may  love. 

I  might,  would, 

h-4 

;2: 

^ 

shoidd  love. 

I— 1 

^* 

S. 

1.  amem 

ama  -rem 

(!< 

^ 

O 

2.  ames 

ama  -res 

fe5 

3.  amet 

ama  -ret 

> 

52; 

PI. 

1.  am  emus 

ama  -remus 

o 

2.  ametis 

ama  -retis 

o 

3.  ament 

ama  -rent 

S 

Love  thou. 

Thoii  must  love. 

s. 

2.  ama 

ama  -to 

^ 
p^ 

3.    — 

ama  -to 

c^ 

PL 

2.  ama  -te 

ama  -tote 

3.    — 

ama  -nto 

To  lore. 

~~ 

(li 

•-1 

ama  -re 

Ci 

h 

1— 1 

H-l 

Lovi7ig. 

"^ 

ama  -ns 

a. 

HH 

Ace.  ama  -ndum,  lovk 

\g. 

> 

1:^ 

Gen.  ama  -ndi 

ft! 

Dat.  ama  -ndo 

CiJ 

AM.  ama  -ndo 

A-VERBS -ACTIVE  VOICE. 


27 


PERFECT  STEM  Amav- 

Perfect  and  Aorist.              Pluperfect. 

1 

Future  Perfect. 

/  have  loved.    I  loved. 

S.  l.amav-i 

2.  amav  -isti 

3.  amav  -it 
PI.  1.  amav  -imus 

2.  amav  -istis 

3.  amav  -eruntor-ere 

I  had  loved. 

amav  -Sram 
amav  -eras 
amav  -erat 
amav  -Sramus 
amav  -eratis 
amav  -grant 

/  shall  have  loved. 

amav  -Sro 
amav  -eris 
amav  -erit 
amav  -erimus 
amav  -gritis 
amav  -§rint 

/  may  have  loved. 

S.  1.  amav  -grim 

2.  amav  -gris 

3.  amav  -Srit 
PI.  1.  amav  -grimus 

2.  amav  -Sritis 

3.  amav  -grint 

I  might,  ivoidd, should 
have  loved. 
amav  -issem 
amav  -isses 
amav  -isset 
amav  -issemus 
amav  -issetis 
ama,v  -issent 

. 

To  have  loved. 
amav  -isse 

SUPINE  STEM  Amat- 

q     .      /  Accusative,  amat  -urn,  to  love. 
^"Pme  1  ^iiaiii;e^     amat  -u,  in  loving. 

Future  Participle,     amat  -urns,  ahout  to  lave. 

Future  Infinitive,      amat  -urus  esse,  to  be  about  to  love. 

28 


39.  E-VERBS— ACTIVE  VOICE. 


PEESENT  STEM  Mone- 

\ 

Present. 

Imperfect. 

Future  Simple. 

/  advise,  am  advis- 

M 

ing,  do  advise. 

/  was  advising. 

/  shall  advise. 

^ 

S.    1.  Mone  -o 

mone  -bam 

mone  -bo 

E-4 

2.  mone  -s 

mone  -bas 

mone  -bis 

3.  mone  -t 

mone  -bat 

mone  -bit 

s 

Fl.  1.  mone  -mus 

mone  -bamus 

mone  -bimus 

2.  mone  -tis 

mone  -batis 

mone  -bitis 

3.  mone  -nt 

mone  -bant 

mone  -bunt 

/  maij  advise. 

/  might,  would. 

1— 1 

Ki 

should  advise. 

1— 1 

(14 

S.    1.  mone  -am 

mone  -rem 

CQ 

§ 

2.  mone  -as 

mone  -res 

Di 

3.  mone  -at 

mone  -ret 

> 

Fl.  1.  mone  -amus 

mone  -remus 

o 

2.  mone  -atis 

mone  -retis 

3.  mone  -ant 

mone  -rent 

Advise  thou. 

Thou  must  advise. 

e:; 

S.    2.  mone 

mone  -to 

3.    — 

mone  -to 

« 

Fl.  2.  mone  -te 

mone  -tote 

3.    ~ 

mone  -nto 

To  advise. 

di 

mone  -re 

to 

b 

Advising. 

^ 

ft5 

mone  -ns 

Bh 

1— 1 

52; 

Ace.  ] 

mone  -ndum,  advi 

sing. 

g 

b 

Gen.  ] 

naone  -ndi 

Dat.  ] 

mone  -ndo 

tt 

Abl.  ] 

mone  -ndo 

E-VERBS— ACTIVE  VOICE. 


29 


PERFECT  STEM  Monu- 

Perfect  and  Aorist. 

Pluperfect. 

Future  Perfect. 

/  have  advised.  I  advised. 

S.    1.  monu  -i 

2.  monu  -isti 

3.  monu  -it 
PI.  1.  monu  -inius 

2.  monu  -istis 

3.  monu  -erunt  or  -ere 

/  had  advised. 

monu  -gram 
monu  -eras 
monu  -grat 
monu  -gramus 
monu  -gratis 
monu  -grant 

/  shall  have 

advised. 
monu  -gro 
monu  -gris 
monu  -grit 
monu  -grimus 
monu  -eritis 
monu  -grint 

/  may  have  advised. 

S.    1.  monu  -grim 

2.  monu  -eris 

3.  monu  -grit 
PL  1.  monu  -erimus 

2.  monu  -eritis 

3.  monu  -erint 

/  migld,  would, 
should  have  advised 
monu  -issem 
monu  -isses 
monu  -isset 
monu  -issemus 
monu  -issetis 
monu  -isseut 

- 

To  have  advised. 
monu  -isse 

SUPINE  STEM  Monit- 

S  n*np  /  Accusative,  monit  -um,  to  advise. 
^       (  Ablative,     monit  -u,  in  advising. 

Future  Participle,    monit  -urus,  about  to  advise. 

Future  Infinitive,     monit  -urus  esse,  to  be  about  to  advise. 

30    40.  CONSONANT-VERBS— ACTIVE  VOICE. 


PRESENT  STEM  Reg- 

Present. 

Imperfect. 

Future  Simple. 

h 
I— 1 

CQ 

/  rtde,  am  ruling, 

do  rule. 
S.    1.  Reg-o 

2.  reg -is 

3.  reg -it 
Fl.  1.    reg-imiis 

2.  reg  -itis 

3,  reg  -unt 

/  was  ruling. 

reg  -ebam 
reg  -ebas 
reg  -ebat 
reg  -ebamus 
reg  -ebatis 
reg  -ebant 

/  shall  rule. 

reg  -a,m 
reg-es 
reg  -et 
reg  -emus 
reg  -etis 
reg  -ent 

Eh 
O 

o 
o 

/  '}nay  rule. 

S.    1.  reg -am 

2.  reg  -as 

3.  reg  -at 
Fl.  1.  reg-amus 

2.  reg-atis 

3.  reg  -ant 

/  might,  icould, 
should  rule. 
reg  -erem 
reg  -eres 
reg  -eret 
reg  -eremus 
reg  -eretis 
reg  -erent 

Ci5 
Oh 

Etde  thou. 
S.    2.  reg-e 

3.  — 
Fl.  2.  reg-ite 

3.  — 

Thou  must  rule. 
reg  -ito 
reg  -ito 
reg  -itote 
reg  -unto 

h 

m 
> 

To  rule. 
reg  -ere 

c5 

E-i 

Euling. 
reg  -ens 

c5 

5i 

Ace.  reg  -endum,  ruli^ig. 
Gen.  reg-endi 
Dat.  reg-endo 
Abl.  reg-endo 

CONSONANT-VERBS— ACTIVE  VOICE. 


31 


PEKFECT  STEM  Rex- 

Perfect  and  Aorist. 

Pluperfect. 

Future  Perfeci. 

Ihavemled.    I  ruled. 

S.    1.  rex-i 

2.  rex-isti 

3.  rex  -it 
PI.  1.  rex-imus 

2.  rex  -istis 

3.  rex-eruntw-erc 

/  had  ruled. 

rex  -eram 
rex  -eras 
rex  -grat 
rex  -eramus 
rex  -eratis 
rex  -erant 

/  sliall  luive  ruled. 

rex  -ero 
rex  -^ris 
rex  -erit 
rex  -erimus 
rex  -eritis 
rex  -erint 

/  maij  Imve  ruled. 

S.    1.  rex-erim 

2.  rex-eris 

3.  rex  -erit 
PL  1.  rex  -erimus 

2.  rex  -eritis 

3.  rex  -Sriiit 

/  might,  ivould, 
should  have  ruled. 
rex  -issem 
rex  -isses 
rex  -isset 
rex  -issenuis 
rex  -issetis 
rex  -issent 

1 
To  have  ruled: 

rex  -isse                             j 

1 

SUPINE  STEM  Rect- 

Qj     .       (  Accusative,  rect  -um,  to  rule. 
bupme  1  jii^^ii^.^^     rect  -u,  in  ruling. 

Future  Participle,     rect  -urus,  ahmit  to  rule. 

Future  Infinitive,      rect  -urus  esse,  to  he  about  to  i-ule. 

32 


41.  I-VERBS— ACTIVE  VOICE. 


PRESENT  STEM  Audi- 

Present. 

Imperfect. 

Future  Simple. 

h 

52: 

t— 1 

m 

(I] 
> 

/  hear,  am  hearing, 

do  Jiear. 
S.    1.  Audi  -0 

2.  audi  -s 

3.  audi  -t 
Fl.  1.  audi  -mus 

2.  audi  -tis 

3.  audi  -unt 

/  teas  hearing. 

audi  -ebam 
audi  -ebas 
audi  -ebat 
audi  -ebamus 
audi  -ebatis 
audi  -ebant 

/  shall  hear. 

audi  -am 
audi  -es 
audi  -et 
audi  -emus 
audi  -etis 
audi  -ent 

0 
b 

0 
0 

/  may  hear. 

S.    1.  audi  -am 

2.  audi  -as 

3.  audi  -at 
Fl.  1.  audi  -amus 

2.  audi  -atis 

3.  audi  ant 

I  might,  would, 
should  hear. 
audi  -rem 
audi  -res 
audi  -ret 
audi  -remus 
audi  -retis 
audi  -rent 

>-< 
Em 

5 

Hear  thou. 
S.    2.  audi 

3.    — 
Fl.  2.  audi  -te 

3.   — 

Thou  must  liear. 
audi  -to 
audi  -to 
audi  -tote 
audi  -unto 

ui 
h 

m 
> 

H                           To  hear. 
§                           audi  -re 

0 

•-1 

E-( 

Hearing. 
audi  -ens 

Ace.  audi  -endum,  hearing. 
Gen.  audi  -endi 
Dat.  audi  -endo 
Abl.  audi  -endo 

I-VERBS— ACTIVE  VOICE. 


33 


PERFECT  STEM  Audiv- 


Perfect  a>'d  Aorist. 


/  have  heard.     I  heard. 

S.  1 .  audiv  -i 

2.  audiv  -isti 

3.  audiv  -it 
riA.  audiv -imus 

2.  audiv  -istis 


PLXTPERrECT. 


Future  Perfect. 


3.  audiv  -erunt  o?'-ere     audiv  -Srant 


/  had  heard. 

audiv  -Sram 
audiv  -gras 
audiv  -Srat 
audiv  -Sramus 
audiv  -Gratis 


I  shall  have  heard. 

audiv  -Sro 
audiv  -eris 
audiv  -6rit 
audiv  -Srimus 
audiv  -(iritis 
audiv  -erint 


/  may  have  heard. 

S.  1.  audiv  -grim 

2.  audiv  -^ris 

3.  audiv  -Srit 
PI.  1 .  audiv  -Primus 

2.  audiv  -iritis 

3.  audiv  -erint 


Imight,n'ouJd,shoidd 
have  heard. 
audiv  -issem 
audiv  -isses 
audiv  -isset 
audiv  -issemus 
audiv  -issetis 
audiv  -issent 


To  have  heard. 
audiv  -isse 


SUPINE  STEM  Audit- 

S     ine  /  ^^^^'^^^^'^'^>  audit  -um,  to  hear. 
^  ^^       \  Ablative,     audit  -u,  in  hearing. 
Future  Participle,     audit  -iirus,  ahout  to  hear. 
Future  Infinitive,      audit  -urus  esse,  to  he  ahoiit  to  hear. 

B.  L.  ir.  C 


34 


42.  A-VERBS— PASSIVE  VOICE. 


PEESENT  STEM  Ama- 

Present. 

Imperfect. 

Future  Simple. 

h 

m 
> 

1  am  being  loved. 

S.  1.  Amor 

2.  ama-risor-re 

3.  ama-tur 
Fl.  1.  ama-mur 

2.  ama -mini 

3.  ama-ntur 

I  was  being  loved. 

ama  -bar 

ama  -baris  or  -bare 
ama  -batur 
ama  -bamur 
ama  -bammi 
ama  -bantur 

/  shall  be  loved. 

ama  -bor 

ama  -beris  or  -bSre 
ama  -bitur 
ama  -bimur 
ama  -bimini 
ama  -buntur 

o 

I  may  be  loved. 

S.  1.  amer 

2.  ameris  o?'  -re 

3.  ametur 
Fl.  1.  amemiir 

2.  amemmi 

3.  amentur 

I  might,  would, 
should  be  loved. 

ama  -rer 

ama  -reris  or  -rere 

ama  -retur 

ama  -remur 

ama  -remmi 

ama  -rentur 

Be  thou  loved. 

S.  2.  ama  -re 
3.         — 

Fl.  2.  ama  -mini 
3.         — 

Thou  must  be  loved. 

ama  -tor 
ama  -tor 

ama  -ntor 

(li 

m 
(^ 

> 

To  be  loved. 
ama  -ri 

a. 

ama  -ndus,  -nda,  -ndum,  meet  to  be  loved. 

A-VERBS— PASSIVE  VOICE. 


35 


SUPINE  STEM  Amat- 

Perfect  and  Aorist. 

Pluperfect. 

Future  Perfect. 

/  have  been,  I  was, 
loved. 
S.  1.  amat  -us  sum 

2.  amat  -us  es 

3.  amat  -us  est 
PL  1.  amat  -i     sumus 

2.  amat  -i    estis 

3.  amat  -i     sunt 

/  had  been  loved. 

amat  -us  Sram 
amat  -us  Sras 
amat  -us  erat 
amat  -1     Sramus 
amat  -i     gratis 
amat  -i    Srant 

/  sJiall  luive  been 

loved. 
amat  -us  6ro 
amat  -us  Sris 
amat  -us  Srit 
amat  -i     Srimus 
amat  -i     Sritis 
amat  -i     erunt 

/  may  have  been  loved. 

S.  1.  amat  -us  sim 

2.  amat  -us  sis 

3.  amat  -us  sit 
PL  1.  amat  -i     simus 

2.  amat  -i     sitis 

3.  amat  -i    sint 

I  might,  would,  should 

have  been  loved. 
amat  -us  essem 
amat  -us  esses 
amat  -us  esset 
amat  -i    essemus 
amat  -i     essetis 
amat  -i     essent 

To  have  been  loved, 
amat  -us  esse 

Loved  or  having  been  loved. 
amat  -us 

A  Future  Infinitive  can  be  formed  by  iri  with  the 
Supine ;  amat  -um  iri,  (o  be  about  to  be  loved. 

36 


43.  E-VERBS— PASSIVE  VOICE. 


PRESENT  STEM  Mone- 

Present. 

Imperfect. 

Future  Simple. 

/  am  being  advised. 

/  tvas  being  advised. 

I  shall  be  advised. 

S.    l.Mone-or 

mone  -bar 

mone  -bor 

Eh 

2.  mone  -ris  or  re 

mone  -baris  or  bare 

mone  -bSris  or  bere 

0 

3.  mone  -tur 

mone  -batur 

mone  -bitur 

C) 

Fl.  1.  mone  -mur 

mone  -bamur 

mone  -blmnr 

2.  mone  -mini 

mone  -bammi 

mone  -bimini 

h 

1— 1 

3.  mone  -ntur 

mone  -bantur 

mone  -buntnr 

c4 

/  may  he  advised. 

/  7night,  would, 
should  be  advised. 

H-l 

H 
h 

S.    l.mone-ar 

mone  -rer 

0 

2.  mone-arisorare 

mone  -reris  or  rere 

1:3 

3.  mone  -atur 

mone  -retur 

. 

P 

fe; 

PI.  1.  mone-amur 

mone  -remur 

> 

0 
0 

2.  mone  -ammi 

mone  -remmi 

3.  mone  -antur 

mone  -rentur 

JBe  thou  advised. 

Thou  must  be 
advised. 

tn 

S.    2.  mone  -re 

mone  -tor 

(^ 

3.        — 

mone  -tor 

ft. 

FL  2.  mone  -mini 

— 

1^ 

3.        — 

mone  -ntor 

To  be  ad 

vised. 

ui 

H 
1— 1 

52: 
1-4 

►-1 

mone 

-r.i. 

Eh 

CQ 

> 

t-5 

mone  -ndus,  - 

nda,  -ndum,  meet  to 

be  advised. 

E-VERBS  -PASSIVE  VOICE. 


37 


SUPINE  STEM  Monit- 


Perfect  and  Aorist. 


I  have  been,  I  teas, 

advised. 
S.  1.  monit -us  sum 

2.  monit  -us  es 

3.  monit  -us  est 
P/.l.  monit -i   sumus 

2.  monit  -i   estis 

3.  monit  -i  sunt 


Pluperfect. 


/  Iiad  been  advised. 

monit  -us  ^ram 
monit  -us  eras 
monit  -us  Srat 
monit  -i    eramus 
monit  -i    eratis 
monit  -i    erant 


FuTUKE  Perfect. 

I  shall  have  been 
advised. 
monit  -us  ero 
monit  -us  eris 
monit  -us  erit 
monit  -i    erimus 
monit  -i    ^ritus 
monit  -i    erunt 


/  7nay  have  been 

advised. 

S.  1.  monit -us  sim 

2.  monit  -us  sis 

3.  monit  -us  sit 


I  might,  would,  should 
have  been  advised. 
monit  -us  essem 
monit  -us  esses 
monit  -us  esset 


PI.  1 .  monit  -i    simus  monit  -i    essemus 

2.  monit  -i    sitis    j  monit  -i    essetis 

3.  monit  -i    sint      monit  -i    essent 


To  have  been  advised. 
monit  -us  esse 


Advised  or  having  been  advised. 
monit  -us 


A  Future  Infinitive  can  be  formed  by  iri  with  the 
Supine  :  monit  -um  iri  to  be  about  to  be  advised. 


38       44.  CONSONANT-VERBS— PASSIVE   VOICE. 


PRESENT  STEM  Reg- 

Present. 

Imperfect. 

Future  Simple. 

h 
IS 

»— 1 

> 

O 

1-. 

/  am  heing  ruled. 

S.   1.  Eeg  -or 

2.  reg  -eris  or  ere 

3.  reg   -itur 
Fl.  1.  reg  -imur 

2.  reg  -imini 

3.  reg  -untur 

/  was  heing  ruled. 

reg  -ebar 

reg  -ebaris  or  ebare 
reg  -ebatur 
reg  -ebamur 
reg  -ebamini 
reg  -ebantur 

/  shall  he  ruled. 

reg  -ar 

reg  -eris  or  ere 
reg  -etur 
reg  -emur 
reg  -emini 
reg  -entur 

O 

O 

o 

/  may  he  ruled. 

S.   1.  reg  -ar 

2.  reg  -aris  or  are 

3.  reg  -atur 
Fl.  1.  reg  -amur 

2.  reg  -amini 

3.  reg  -antur 

/  might,  would, 
shoidd  he  ruled. 

reg  -erer 

reg  -ereris  or  erere 

reg  -eretur 

reg  -eremur 

reg  -^remini 

reg  -erentur 

ft. 

5 

Be  thou  ruled 
S.   2.  reg  -ere 

3.      — 
Fl.  2.  reg  -imini 

3.      — 

Thou  must  he  ruled, 
reg  -itor 
reg  -itor 

reg  -untor 

(xi 
H 

z 

•— 1 

iz; 
m 

(xl 

> 

To  he  ruled. 
reg-i 

ft. 

reg  -endus,  -enda,  -endum,  meet  to  he  ruled. 

CONSONANT-VERBS— PASSIVE  VOICE. 


39 


SUPINE  STEM  Rect- 

Perfect  and  Aorist. 

Pluperfect. 

Future  Perfect. 

I  have  been,  I  was, 
ruled. 
S.    1.  rect  -us  sum 

2.  rect  -us  es 

3.  rect  -us  est 
PL  1.  rect  -i     sumus 

2-  rect  -i     estis 
3.  rect  -i    sunt 

/  had  been  ruled. 

rect  -us  Sram 
rect  -us  eras 
rect  -us  grat 
rect  -i    eramus 
rect  -i    Sratis 
rect  -i    erant 

/  shall  have  been 

rided. 
Ted  -us  ero 
rect  -us  eris 
rect  -us  erit 
rect  -i     erimus 
rect  -i     eritis 
rect  -i     erunt 

I  may  have  been  ruled. 

S.   1.  rect  -us  sim 
2-  rect  -us  sis 
3.  rect  -us  sit 

PL  1.  rect  -i     simus 

2.  rect  -i     sitis 

3.  rect  -i     sint 

I  might,  would,  should 
have  been  ruled. 
rect  -us  essem 
rect  -us  esses 
rect  -us  esset 
rect  -i     essemus 
rect  -i     essetis 
rect  -i     essent 

To  have  been  ruled. 
rect  -us  esse 

Puled  or  having  been  ruled. 
rect  -us 

A  Future  Infinitive  can  be  formed  by  in  with  the 
Supine  :  rect  -um  iri,  to  be  about  to  be  ruled. 

40 


45.  I-VERBS— PASSIVE  VOICE. 


PEESENT  STEM  Audi-                                    j 

1 

Present.              I          Imperfect. 

Future  Simple. 

/  am  being  heard. 

I  was  being  heard. 

/  sJmll  be  heard. 

fc^ 

S.   1.  Audi  -or 

audi  -ebar 

audi  -ar 

E-i 

2.  audi  -ris  or  re 

audi  -ebaris(webare 

audi  -eris  or  ere 

o 

3.  audi  -tur 

audi  -ebatur 

audi  -etur 

Q 

Fl.  1.  audi  -mur 

audi  -ebamur 

audi  -emur 

<i 

2.  audi  -mini 

audi  -ebammi 

audi  -emmi 

tii 
h 

3.  audi  -untur 

audi  -ebantur 

audi  -entur 

Kj 

/  may  he  heard. 

/  might,  would, 
should  be  heard. 

fl. 

>-( 

S.    1.  audi  -ar 

audi  -rer 

m 

O 

2.  audi  -aris  or  are 

audi  -reris  or  erere 

1< 

3.  audi  -atur 

audi  -retur 

> 

>1 

PI.  1.  audi  -amur 

audi  -remur 

o 

2.  audi  -amini 

3.  audi  -antur 

audi  -remmi 
audi  -rentur 

^ 

Be  thou  heard. 

Thou  must  be  heard. 

S.    2.  audi  -re 

audi  -tor 

^ 
&» 

3.      — 

audi  -tor 

K) 

PI.  2.  audi  -mini 

— 

3.      — 

audi -untor 

To  be  heard. 

h 

audi  -ri 

i 

l-H 

A. 

m 

tq 

s 

c^ 

►^ 

g 

tq 

audi  -endus,  -enda,  -endum,  meet  to  be  heard. 



C5 

I-VERBS— PASSIVE  VOICE. 


41 


SUPINE  STEM  Audit- 

Pekfect  and  Aorist. 

Pluperfect. 

Future  Perfect. 

I  have  been,  I  icas, 

heard. 

S.    1.  audit -us  sum 

2.  audit  -us  es 

3.  audit  -us  est 
PI.  1.  audit  -i    sum  us 

2.  audit  -i    estis 

3.  audit  -i    sunt 

/  had  been  heard, 

audit  -us  eram 
audit  -us  eras 
audit  -us  erat 
audit  -i    eramus 
audit  -i    gratis 
audit  -i    erant 

/  slmll  have  been 

heard. 
audit  -us  ero 
audit  -us  eris 
audit  -us  erit 
audit  -i    erimus 
audit  -i    eritis 
audit  -i    erunt 

I  may  have  been  heard. 

S.    1.  audit  -us  sim 

2.  audit  -us  sis 

3.  audit  -us  sit 
PI.  1.  audit  -i    simus 

2.  audit  -i    sitis 

3.  audit  -i    sint 

I  might,  tcoidd,shotdd 

have  been  heard. 
audit  -us  essem 
audit  -us  esses 
audit  -us  esset 
audit  -i     essemus 
audit  -i     essetis 
audit  -i    essent 

1 

To  have  been  heard. 
audit  -us  esse 

Heard  or  havlnrj  been  heard, 
audit  -us 

A  Future  Infinitive  can  be  formed  by  in  with  the 
Supine  :  audit  -um  iri,  to  be  about  to  be  heard. 

42    46.  EXAMPLE  OF  DEPONENT  VERB, 


PRESENT  STEM  Ut- 

Present. 

Imperfect. 

Future  Simple. 

ti 

/  am  using. 

/  ivas  using. 

/  shall  use. 

^  S.   l.Ut-or 

ut  -ebar 

ut  -ar 

&-. 

2.  ut  -eris  or  ere 

ut  -ebaris  07'  ebare 

ut  -eris  or  ere 

3.  ut  -itur 

ut  -ebatur 

ut  -etur 

Fl.  1.  ut  -imur 

ut  -ebamur 

ut  -emur 

2.  ut  -imini 

ut  -ebammi 

ut  -emmi 

3.  ut  -untur 

ut  -ebantur 

ut  -entur 

/  mmj  use. 

/  might,  would  or 

6^ 

should  use. 

>-i 

S.   l.ut-ar 

ut  -erer 

2.  ut  -aris  07'  are 

ut  -ereris  or  erere 

3.  ut  -atur 

ut  -erStur 

g 

^ 
^ 

PL  1.  ut-amur 

ut  -eremur 

2.  ut  -amini 

ut  -eremini 

3.  ut  -antur        !  ut  -erentur 

1 

I 

Use  thou. 

Thou  must  use. 

S!>S^.   2.  ut-ere 

ut  -itor 

3.    — 

ut  -itor 

Ki 

Fl.  2.  ut  -mimi 

—  ■ 

0-1 

3.    — 

ut  -untor 

~ 

H 

To  use. 

ut  -i 

S 

►-1 

c 

K-l 

55 

Using. 

1— « 
(14 

^ 

ut  -ens. 

52: 

a. 

Ace.  ut  -endum,  using. 

Q 

Gen.  ut  -endi 

g 

to 

Bat.  ut  -endo 

f^ 

K5 

Abl.  ut  -endo 

C: 

Gerundive. — ut  -endus,  -enda,  -endum, 

meet  to  he  used. 

CONSONANT  CONJUGATION. 


43 


SUPINE  STEM  Us- 

Perfect  and  Aorist. 

Pluperfect. 

Future  Perfect. 

/  Jmve  used.    I  u^ed. 

S.   1.  us  -us  sum 

2.  us  -us  es 

3.  us  -us  est 
PL  1.  us  -i    sumus 

2.  us  -i    estis 

3.  us  -i    sunt 

/  had  used. 

us  -us  gram 
us  -us  eras 
us  -us  erat 
us  -i    gramus 
us  -i    gratis 
us  -i     grant 

/  sMl  have  used. 

us  -us  ero 
us  -us  eris 
us  -us  erit 
us  -i     grimus 
us  -i     eritis 
us  -i     grunt 

/  may  have  used. 

S.    1.  us  -us  sim 

2.  us  -us  sis 

3.  us  -us  sit 
PL  1.  us  -i    simus 

2.  us  -i    sitis 

3.  us  -i    sint 

/  might,  tcould,  should 
have  used. 
us  -us  essem 
us  -us  esses 
us  -us  esset 
us  -i    essemus 
us  -i    essetis 
us  -i    essent 

■ 

To  have  used, 
us  -us  esse                         1 

Having  used. 
us  -us 

Future  Partici 
Future  Infiniti 

m,  to  use. 
,  in  using. 

pie,  us  -urus,  about  to  i 
ve,  us  -urus  esse,  to  be 

ise. 
about  to  use. 

44  Moods. 


VERBS  IN  10  OF  THE  THIRD 
CONJUGATION. 

47.  Verbs  in  io  of  the  Third  Conjugation  in  their  tenses 
derived  from  the  Present  stem  throw  away  i  before  another  /, 
er,  and  e  at  the  end  of  the  word.     So : — 

Active — 

Indic.  Pres.  capio,  capis,  cSpit,  cJlpimiis,  capitis,  capiuut. 

Fut.     capiam,  copies,  capifit,  capiemus,  capietis,  capient. 

Imp.    capiebam,  capiebas,  etc. 
Con  J.    Pres.  capiam,  capias,  capiat,  capiamiis,  capiatis,  capiant. 

Imp.   capgrem,  capgres,  etc. 
Imper.  Pres.  cap6,  capita. 

Fut.   capito,  capitote,  capiunto. 

Inf.       Pres.  cap6r6.     Gerund,  capiendum,  -endl,  -endo. 

Passive — 

Indic.  Pre*.  capiSr,  capgris,  capitiir,  capimtlr,  caplmlni,  cupiuntur. 

Fut.  capiar,  capieris,  etc. 

Imp,  capiebar,  capiebaris,  etc. 

CoNJ.    Pres.  capiar,  capiaris,  etc. 

Imp.  cap6r6r,  cap6reris,  etc. 

Imper.  Pres.  capgrfi,  capTmini. 

Fut.  capitdr,  capiunt5r. 

Inf.       Pres.  capi.     Gerundive,  capiendtis. 


MOODS. 

48.  The  Indicative  Mood  affirms  and  questions. 

The  Imperative  Mood  commands. 

The  Conjunctive  Mood  has  two  general  uses  : — 

1,  Pure,  or  not  depending  on  another  verb. 

2.  Subjunctive,  or  depending  on  another  verb. 

The  Pure  Conjunctive  has  the  signs  would,  sJioidd ;  can, 
could;  may,  might. 

The  Subjunctive  is  generally  translated  like  the  Indicative; 
but  sometimes  (after  Conjunctions)  it  takes  the  signs  of  the 
Conjunctive,  as 

£de  lit  vivas,  eat  that  yoti  may  live. 


Gerund,  Supines,  Participles.  45 

In  prohibitions  {commands  with  a  negative),  use 

Perfect  (Aorist)  Conjunctive  with  Second  Person. 
Present  Conjunctive  with  First  and  Third  Persons. 

The  Infinitives  ending  in  rS,  l  are  Present  or  Imperfect ; 
Infinitives  in  issS^  Us  esse,  Perfect  or  Pkiperfect. 


GERUND,  SUPINES,  PARTICIPLES. 

49.  The  Gerund  is  the  Neuter  Gerundive  Participle  de- 
clined as  a  Verb-Noun. 

The  Supines  are  cases  (Accusative  and  Ablative)  of  a  Verb- 
Noun  of  the  Fourth  Declension. 

The  Gerundive  is  used  to  express  fitness  or  necessity,  either 

Personally  ;  as,  vitS,  ttlendS,  est,  life  should  he  protected  ;  or 
Impersonally  ;  as,  eundum  est,  one  must  go. 

The  other  Participles  are 

Act.  Prea.  amans,  loving 

Flit,    amaturtis,  about  to  love 
Per/,  wanting 


Pass.  Pres.  wanting 
Fut.  wanting 
Pel-/,  amatils,  loved. 


DERIVED  VERBS. 

50.  Frequentative  Fei'bs  (First  Conj.) — 

Express  repeated  or  more  vigorous  action;  they  end  in 
to,  s6,  itO,  Udr  ;  as, 

Canto,  I  sing  out,     from  c3,n6,  /  sing. 
ESgito,  /  ask  often,  from  r6go,  /  05^-. 

Inceptive  Verbs  (Third  Conj.) — 

Express  beginning  of  action.     They  end  in  sc6  ;  as, 
Pallesco,  /  turn  pale,  from  palleo,  /  am  pale. 
Desideraiive  Verbs  (Fourth  Conj.) — 

Express  desire  of  action.     They  end  in  urio  ;  as, 
Esurio,  /  am  hungry,  from  Sdo,  /  eat. 


46  Impersonal  Verbs. 


QUASI-PASSIVE  AND  SEMI-DEPONENT 
VERBS, 

51.  Quasi-Passive  Verhs — • 

have  an  Active  form  with  Passive  meaning  ;  as, 
Vapiilo,  /  am  beaten. 

Semi-Deponent  Verhs— 

have  1.  Active  Present  with  a  Perfect  of  Passive  form;  as, 
Audeo,  /  dare,  ausus  sum,  I  dared, 

2.  Active  Perfect  with  Deponent  Perfect  Participle;  as, 
Prandeo,  /  dine,  prandi,  pransus,  having  dined. 

DEFECTIVE  VERBS. 

52.  Defective  Verbs   are  incomplete,  having  only  some 
tenses  or  parts  of  tenses. 

The  Verbs  coepi,  /  have  begun,  odi,  I  hate,  memini,  /  remem- 
ber, have  no  Present-Stem  tenses. 

Aio,  /  say  '  ay,'  affirm. 

Indic.  Pres.    ai6  aTs  ait  —  —    aiunt 

/mp.     aiebam  complete 
CoNJ.  Pres.  —        aias  aiat  —  —    aiant 

Inquam,  /  say. 

Indic.   Pres.  inquam  inquis      inquit  inqulmtls      —    inqniunt 

Imp.         —  —      inquieba,t  —  —    inquiebant 

S.  Put.     —  inquies    inqui6t  —  —  — 

Per/.        —  inquisti  inquit  —  —  — 

Imper.  Pres.         —  inqtle  —  —  inquite       — 

In  Latin  as  in  Greek  there  was  an  older  conjugation  of 
Verbs  ending  in  mi,  of  whicli  sum  and  inquam  are  traces. 


IMPERSONAL  VERBS. 

53.  Impersonal  Verbs  are  conjugated  only  in  the  Third 
Person  Singular  of  the  Finite  Verb,  and  in  the  Infinitive. 


Impersonal  Verbs. 


47 


Active  Impersonals  have  no  Passive  voice. 
They  are  principally  of  the  Second  Conjugation. 


With  Ace.  Oportet  it  behoves 
Piggt       it  irks 
Taedet    it  disgusts 

With  Dat.  Llbet       it  pleases 

With  ad   ■ 


and  Ace, 


d6c6t  becomes       dedgc6t  misbecomes 

ptidCt  sliam£s        poenltCt  repents 

mlsfirCt  moves  pity        —  — 

llc6t  is  lawful     liquet  is  clear 

Attlngt  it  relates     pertln6t  belongs  —  — 


The  Persons  are  expressed  by  the   cases    following   the 
Verb,  as : — 


Oportet  - 


'me,  It  behoves  m£. 
te,  ,,       thee 

eum,        ,,       him 
nos,  ,,       us 

vos,         ,,       you 

Leos, 


them. 


'  /  ought 
thou  oughtest 
he      \ 


we 
you 
Jhey 


ought 


Licet 


m!hi,  It  is  lawful  for  m£ 


tIb?, 
ei, 

nobis, 
vobis, 
Uis, 


thee 

him 

us 

you 

them} 


'  I  may 

thou  mayest 

lie      \ 

we 

you 
.they 


may 


Intransitive  Verbs  may  be  used  impersonally  in  the  Passive, 
as,  luditur,  it  is  played.  The  persons  are  expressed  by  an 
Ablative  with  the  Preposition  a,  ah,  following  the  verb,  as  : — 


Ludltilr 


a  me.  It 

is  played  by  me. 

or,  I  play 

a  te, 

thee. 

or,  thou  playest 

abeo, 

,,            him. 

or,  lie  plays 

a  nobis, 

,,            us, 

or,  we  play 

a  vobis. 

you. 

or,  you  play 

Lftb  iis, 

, ,            them, 

or,  they  play 

The  Neuter  of  the  Gerundive  Participle  is  used  impersonally 
in  the  same  way  mth  a  Dative,  as  : — 


Ludendum  est   - 


mlhi,  It  must  be 

played  by  Tne,     or,  /     ^ 

tIb?, 

tliee,   or,  thou 

ei, 

him,   or,  he 

nobis,               „ 

us,      or,  we 

vobis, 

you,    or,  you 

iis. 

tJiem.,  or,  they  . 

must  play 


48 


Verbs  in  Common  Use. 


54. 


VERBS  IN  COMMON  USE. 


Present. 

rnjinitive. 

Perfect, 

Supine^ 

Do 

-ars 

d6di 

datum 

give 

Sto 

-arS 

steti 

statum 

stand 

Maneo 

-erS 

mansi 

mansum 

remain 

Ittbeo 

-er6 

iussi 

iussum 

order 

Pendeo 

-er6 

pgpendi 
sedi 

pensum 

hang 

Sedeo 

-erS 

sessum 

sit 

Video 

-erS 

vidi 

visum 

see 

Dico 

-6r6 

dixi 

dictum 

say 

Duco 

-6rS 

duxi 

ductum 

lead 

Figo 

-6r6 

fixi 

fixum 

fix 

Fingo 

-6r6 

finxi 

fictum 

fashion 

Vivo 

-6r6 

vixi 

victum 

live 

Mergo 

.6r6 

mersi 

mersum 

droivn 

Mitto 

-6r6 

misi 

missum 

send 

Scribo 

.6r6 

scrips! 

scriptum 

write 

Pr6mo 

-6r6 

pressi 

pressum 

press 

G6ro 

-6r6 

gessi 

gestum 

cany  on 

Rapio 

-6r6 

rSpui 

raptum 

seize 

C5lo 

-6r6 

colui 

cultum 

till 

Sperno 

-6r6 

sprevi 

spretum 

despise 

Quaero 

-6r6 

quaeslvi 

quaesitum 

seek 

Pendo 

.6r6 

p^pendi 

pensum 

weigh 

Disco 

.6r6 

didici  ^ 

learn 

Curro 

-6r6 

cttcurri 

cursum 

run 

Parco 

-6r6 

pgperci 

parsum 

spare 

Oildo 

-gr6 

c6cldi 

casum 

fall 

Caedo 

-6r6 

c6cidi 

caesum 

heat,  l-ill 

Ciluo 

-6r6 

c6clni 

cantum 

sing 

Facio 

-6r6 

feci 

factum 

make,  do 

Vinco 

-Sr6 

vici 

victum 

conquer 

Ago 

-6r6 

§gi 

actum 

do,  drive 

Oilpio 

.6r6 

cepi 

captum 
s5]utum 

catch 

Solvo 

-6rS 

solvi 

loose,  pay 

Apgrio 

-irS 

apCrui 

apertum 

open 

Vincio 

-ire 

vinxi 

vinctum 

hind 

V6nio 

-IrS 

veni 

ventum 

come 

DEPONENTS. 

Reor 

Perf.  Part. 

ratus        thlnh 

L5quor 

j>        j> 

l5cutus    speah 

S6quor 

jj        >> 

sgcutus   folloio 

Qu6ror 

>>        >> 

questus    complain 

M6rior 

mortuus  die 

Nascor 

natus       be  horn 

Nanciscor  ,,        ,, 

nactus     Jind 

Anomalous  Verbs. 


49 


ANOMALOUS  VERBS. 

55.  Anomalous  Verbs  do  not  form  all  their  parts  according 
to  rule. 


Conjugation- Form. 


1  Pers.  Pres. 

2  Pens-.     ,, 
Injin.       ,, 
Perfect 
Ger,  in  dl 

„.    do 
Part.  Pres. 


Be  able. 

Possum 

pdtes 

poss6 

p6ttl-i 


Wish. 

V616 

vis 

veils 

volti-I 

v5lend-i 

v6lend-6 

vdlens 


Not-xvish, 
N616 
nonvis 
noils 
ii6ltl-i 
nolend-i 
noleud-o 
nolens 


Wish-rather. 
Maid 
mavis 
malls 
malii-i 
malend-i 
malend-o 
malens 


P6teu8,  able,  povjerful,  is  used  as  an  Adjective. 


1  Pers.  Pres. 

2  Pers.     „ 
InJin. 
Perfect 
Ger.  in  dum 

„      di 

„      do 

Supine  in  um 

„         u 
Part.  Pres. 
„     Flit. 


Bear. 

FSro 

fcrs 

ferrS 

ttili 

fSrend-um 

fSrend-i 

fSrend-o 

lat-um 

lat-u 

fCr-ens 

lat-unls 


Be  made. 
Fio 
fis 
fISrI 
facttis  sum 


Go. 
Eo 
is 

irS 

ivi 

Sund-um 

Sund-i 

Sund-o 

it-um 

It-u 

lens  (Sunt-is) 

It-unls 


Can. 
QuSd 
quia 
quirS 
quivi 


FSrSr  (Passive)  lias  Pres.  Ind.  2d  Pers.  ferrls ;  3<^  Pers.  fertur  ; 
linperf  Conj.  fer-r-Cr,  ferrerls,  etc.,  and  Inf.  ferri.  Supino-stcm 
forms,  lattis  sum,  etc. 

FiO  in  the  Present-stem  forms  is  the  Passive  of  fiicIG,  which  is 
regular  in  the  Active,  and  in  the  Supine-stem  forms  of  the  Passive. 

QuSo  and  its  compound  nSquSo  {cannot)  form  their  tenses  like  So, 

EdO,  /  eat,  often  changes  some  of  its  foims  as  follows  : — 

Pres.  2d  Pers.  Sing.  Sdls  or  es ;  Zd  Pers.  Sing,  edit  or  esjt ; 
Infin.  edSrS  or  esse  ;  Imperf.  Conj.  Sderem  or  essem. 

Pres.  Conj.  Sdim,  edis,  edit,  is  used.     Other  fonns  are  regular. 
B.L.ir.  D 


50 


56.  Anomalous  Verbs. 


TENSE-FORMATION. 


S.    1.  Possum      V6lp 

2.  P5t6s         Vis 

3.  P6test        Vult 
PL  1.  Posstimus  Volumus 

2.  Potestis     Vultis 

3.  Possunt     V6lunt 


Indicative  Mood. 

Present. 
Nolo  Mal6 

Nonvis       Mavis 
Nonvult      Maviilt 
Nolumtis     Malumiis 
Nonvultis  Mavultis 
Nolunt        Malunt 


F6ro  Fi3 
Fers  Fis 
Pert  Fit 
Fgrimus  — 
Fertis  — 
Ferunt      Fiunt 


£o 
Is 

It 
Imtis 

Itis 
Eunt 


S. 


Imperfect. 
1.  P5t  -gram  V6le  -bam  Nole  -bam  Male  -bam  FSre-bam  Fie -bam  I  -bam 


2. 

3. 
PI  1. 


-6ras 

-grat 

-gramiis 

-gratis 

-grant 


-bas 

-bat 

-bamus 

-batis 

-bant 


-bas 

-bat 

-bamtts 

-batis 

-bant 


-bas 

-bat 

-bamus 

-batis 

-bant 


-bas 

-bat 

-bamus 

-batis 

-bant 


-bas      -bas 

-bat     -bat 

-bamus-bamtis 
-batis    -batis 
-bant    -bant 


Future  Simple. 

aS'.    1.  P5t -6ro     Vol -am    Nol-am    Mal-amFSr-am    Fi -am  I -bo 

2.  -6ris  -es  -es  -es  -es  -es  -bis 

3.  -grit            -gt             -gt              -gt  -gt  -gt  -bit 
PI,  1.         -grimus      -emtls        -emus        -emfis  -emtis      -emiis  -bimtis 

2.  -gritls         -etis  -etis  -etis  -etis  -etis  -bitis 

3.  -grunt         -ent  -ent  -ent  -ent  -ent  -bunt 


S. 


2. 

3. 

PL  1. 

2. 

3. 


1.  P6tu  -i 

-istl 
-it 


V6lil  -i 


Perfect  and  Aorist. 
Nolti  -i       Haiti  -i 


Tiil-i 


-imiis 
-istis 
-erunt 
or  erg 


-isti 
-it 

-imiis 
-istis 
•erunt 
or  ere 


-isti 
-it 

-imus 
-istis 
-erunt 
or  erg 


-istl 
-it 

-imus 
-istis 
-erunt 
or  erg 


-isti 
-It 

-imus 
-istis 
-erunt 
or  ere 


Pluperfect. 
1 .  P6tii  -gramVSltt  -gramNolti  -gramMalii  -gramTttl  -gram 


2. 
3. 
PL  1. 
2. 
3. 


-gras 

.grat 

-gramtts 

-gratis 

-grant 


-gras 

-grat 

-gramfis 

-gratis 

-grant 


-gras 

-grat 

-gramus 

-gratis 

-grant 


-gras 

-grat 

-eramtls 

-gratis 

-grant 


-eras 

-grat 

-eramus 

-gratis 

-grant 


S. 


Future  Perfect. 
1.  Pottt  -gro   V5lti  -ero  Nolti  -ero   Malti  -gro  Ttll  -ero 


2. 
3. 
PL  1. 
2. 
3. 


-grls 

-erit 

-erimtis 

-gritis 

-grint 


-eris 

-grit 

-erhniis 

-grftis 

-erint 


-eris 

-grit 

-grhniis 

-grftis 

-grint 


-eriS 

-grit 

-grimus 

-gritis 

-erint 


-erfs 

-grit 

-grfmus 

-erftis 

-grint 


^Iv-i 

—  -isti 

—  -it 

—  -imiis 

—  -istis 

—  -erunt 
or  erg 

•  Iv  -gram 
-gras 
-grat 
-eramtis 
-gratis 
-grant 

—  Iv  -gr5 

—  -grjs 
-grit 

—  -erfmtis 
-gritis 

—  -grint 


Anomalous  Verbs. 


51 


TENSE-FORMATION. 
Conjunctive  Mood. 

Present. 

s. 

l.Poss 

-im      VC'l 

-im       Nol-im       Mai -im       F«5r 

-am     Fi 

-am 

S  -am 

2, 

-18 

-is 

-Is                -is 

-as 

-iis 

-as 

3. 

-It 

-it 

-It                -It 

-at 

-at 

-at 

PL  1. 

-Imus 

-imiia 

-imtis            -Imiis 

-amus 

-amus 

-amtis 

2. 

-Itis 

-itIs 

-itIs              -itls 

-atls 

■atls 

-iitls 

8. 

-int 

-int 

-int              -int 
Imperfect. 

-ant 

-ant 

-ant 

S. 

l.Poss 

-em     Veil  -cm     Noll  -em      Mall  -em    Ferr 

-em  FI61 

-em 

ir-em 

2. 

-es 

-es 

-es                  -Gs 

-es 

-es 

-es 

5! 

-Ct 

-6t 

-et               -6t 

-6t 

-gt 

-gt 

PI 

1. 

-emiis 

-emtls 

-emtis           -emus 

-emtis 

-emtis    -emiis  I 

2_ 

-etis 

-etIs 

-etIs              -etIs 

-etIs 

-etIs 

-etIs 

3'. 

-ent 

-ent 

-ent              -ent 

-ent 

-ent 

-ent 

Perfect  and  Aorist. 

s. 

1.  Petti  -grim  V6lti  -6rim  Noltl  -6rim  Malti  -erim  Ttil 

-grim 

—    Iv  -grim    1 

2. 

-6rfs 

-6rjs 

-eras            -6ri8 

-Cris 



-gr?s 

3. 

-6rlt 

-grit 

^rlt            -6rlt 

-grit 



-grit 

PI 

.  1. 

-grjmtts 

-erTratis 

-grfmtls       -grhntls 

-grTratis 



-grTmtls 

2^ 

-grjtis 

-Crltis 

-gritls          -grltis 

-grftis 



-grftls 

3'. 

-Clint 

-Crint 

-6rint           -6rint 
Pluperfect. 

-grint 

— 

-grint 

s. 

l.Pottl  -issemVdltl -issemNoltl  -isseraMalii  -issemTtll 

-issem 

—  Iv 

-issem 

2 

-isses 

•isses 

-isses            -isses 

-isses 

— 

-isses 

3; 

-isset 

-isset 

-isset            -iss6t 

-issgt 

— 

-issgt 

PI 

.  1. 

•issemiis 

-issemtis      -issemtls       -issemtis 

-issemtis 



-issemtis 

2, 

-issetis 

-issetis 

-issetis          -issetis 

-issetis 



-issetis 

3. 

-issent 

-issent 

-issent          -issent 

Imperative  Mood. 
Present. 

-issent 

-issent 

Sing. 

2d  Pers. 

Noli          Fer            Fi 

i 

PL 

t> 

Nolite       FerttS         FitC 
Future. 

itg 

Sing. 

2d  Pers 
Sd  Pers. 

Nolito        Ferto 
Nolito        Ferto 

ito 
ito 

PL 

2d  Pers. 
3d  Pers. 

Nolitote     Fertote 
Nolunto    F6runto 

itote 
Eunto 

(For  the  Parts  of  Verb  Infinite,  see 

55.) 

52 


Prepositions— Conj  unctions. 


PREPOSITIONS. 

57.  The  following  PreiDositions  take  the  Accusative  : — 


Ad,  to,  at,  near,  ojf 

Adversiis,    /  ,  7  .     . 

A  ^  '    }  toioard,  aaauist 

Adversuin,  )  '    "^ 

Ante,  before 

Apiid,  at,  in,  among,  ivith 

Circum,  around 

^,lf'  -    I  on  the  near  side  of 

Contra,  against,  over  against 

Erga,  toioards 

Extra,  outside  of,  without,  out  of 

Infra,  heloio 

Inter,  between,  among,  amidst 

Intra,  within 


luxta,  adjoining  to,  beside 

Ob,  over  against,  by  reason  of 

P6nes,  in  the  poiver  of 

P6r,  through 

Pone,  behind 

Post,  after,  behind 

Praetgr,  beside 

Propg,  near 

Propter,  nigh,  on  account  of 

Secundum,  7iext,  along,  according 

to 
Supra,  above 
Trans,  across 
Ultra,  beyond 
Versfis , 


Versum, 


towards 


The  following  take  the  Ablative : — 

P5,lam,  in  sight  of 

Prae,   before,    owing  to,   compared 

ivith 
Pro,  before,  for,  instead  of 
SinS,  ivithout 
T6ntis,  as  far  as 


A,  a,b,  abs,  by,  from 

Absque,  without 

Clam,  loithout  the  knowledge  of 

Coram,  in  the  presence  of 

Cum,  with 

De,  down  from,  down,  concerning 

E,  ex,  out  of,  from 

Cum  is  attached  to  the  Personal,  Eeflexive,  and  Relative 
Pronouns  ;  as,  mecum,  tecum,  secum,  noUscum,  vOhiscuin,  quoaun, 
(jiidciim,  quibusmim. 

The  following  take  Accusative  or  Ablative  : — 

In,  into,  against  (Ace.),  in,  upon,  among  (Abl.)     Super,  over,  tipon 
Sub,  up  to,  under  (Ace),  under  (Abl.)  Subt6r,  under 

In,  sUb,  with  Accusative  imply  motion ;  with  Ablative, 
rest. 

CONJUNCTIONS. 

58.  Conjunctions  either  (a)  join  words  and  sentences  with- 
out influencing  mood :  as,  et,  que,  ac,  atque  {and) ;  aut,  vel, 
ve  {either,  or) ;  sed,  autem  {hut) ;  nam,  enim  (/or) ;  or  (5) 
join  sentences,  influencing  mood :  as,  ut  {that) ;  ne  {lest) ; 
quum  (token,  since),  etc. 


SYNTAX 

WITH  EXERCISES. 

THE    SIMPLE    SENTENCE. 

a.  A  Simple  Sentence  is  the  expression  of  a  simple  thought. 

h.  That  of  which  something  is  said  is  called  the  Subject. 
The  Subject  must  be  a  Substantive,  or  something  which  can 
take  its  place. 

The  following  can  take  the  place  of  a  Substantive  : — 

1.  An  Adjective.  3.  An  Infinitive. 

2.  A  Pronoun.  4.  A  Clause. 

c.  A  Clause  is  a  sentence  which  cannot  stand  by  itself. 

d.  The  Finite  Verb  which  declares  what  is  said  of  the 
Subject  is  called  the  Predicate. 

Instead  of  the  Finite  Verb  we  often  find  the  Copula  or 
link  (some  part  of  the  verb  sum),  and  a  word  (called  the 
Complement)  linked  by  it  to  the  Subject,  both  together 
forming  the  Predicate. 

Some  other  verbs  link  the  Complement  to  the  Subject; 
such  as,  fio,  /  become,  nascor,  /  am  horn,  videor,  /  seem,  and 
verbs  of  calling,  making,  thinking,  in  the  Passive  Voice. 

e.  Some  Verbs  (called  Transitive),  require  an  object  to  com- 
plete the  sense. 

/.  Every  sentence  in  English  or  Latin  must  contain  a  Subject 
and  Predicate,  and  can  be  analysed  in  the  following  form  : — 


Subject. 

Socrates 
Socrates 


Predicate. 

docet 
teaches 


Copula.     Complement. 

Socrates    |        erat  sapiens 

SocrcUes  was  a  toise  man 


54 


The  Simple  Sentence. 


[1-2 


With  an  object- 


Predicate. 


Verb.  Object. 

docebat  iuvenes 

iised  to  teach  young  men 

With    Adverbial    Expressions    (Extension    of   Predicate) 
qualifying  the  Verb — 


Socrates 
Socrates 


Subject. 

Socrates 
Socrates 


Verb. 

docebat 
used  to  teach 


Predicate, 

Object. 

iuvenes 
young  men 


Extension. 

Athenis 
at  Athens 


Exercise  i. 

Agreement  of  Adjective. 

An  Adjective  or  Participle  agrees  in  Gender,  Number,  and 
Case  with  the  Substantive  which  it  describes. 

*  Very '  is  often  a  sign  of  the  Superlative. 

1.  Bona  regina.  2.  Fortes  miUtes.  3.  Longae  hastae.  4.  Parvorum 
pneroriim.  5.  Vir  bonus.  6.  Bonam  uxorem.  7.  Cari  parentes. 
8.  Cara  patria.  9.  Magnis  deabus.  10.  Docti  pueri.  11.  Dulcius 
carmen.  12.  Eex  amatus.  13.  Levi  opere.  14.  Maximorum  regum. 
15.  Atrocis  proelii. 

1.  A-short  letter.  2.  Of-a-wise  father.  3.  To-a-fortified  city. 
4.  Great  gifts.  5.  Of-a-good  queen.  6.  A-brave  soldier.  7.  Great 
cities.  8.  Of  the-black  slave.  9.  To-the-beautiful  sister.  10.  Of- 
the-green  grass.  11.  Of-useful  works.  12.  By-the-sharp  sword. 
13.  Sweet  songs.     14.  A-very-wise  man.     15.  A-sliorter  song. 


Exercise  2. 

Agreement  of  Verb. 

A  Verb  Finite  agrees  with  the  Nominative  of  its  Subject  in 
Number  and  Person. 

The   word   which   answers   to   the    question   'Who?'   or 
*  What  % '  is  the  Nominative  Case  to  the  Verb. 


3]  On  Agreement.  55 

If  a  Pronoun  is  the  subject,  it  is  usually  understood. 

1.  Mater  amat.  2.  Puer  audit.  3.  Kex  vocabat.  4.  Dux  regit. 
5.  Pater  inonebat.  6.  Matres  amantur.  7.  Gives  reguntur.  8.  Vox 
audita  est.  9.  Milites  pugnaverant.  10.  Hostes  vincuntur.  11. 
Magister  docebat.  12.  Puer  discit.  13.  Laudavimus.  14.  Kegiiia 
laudabit.     15.  Urbs  munita  erat. 

1.  Trees  grow.  2.  They-have-been-called.  3.  The-spears  wound. 
4.  The-kings  are-praising.  5.  The-soldier  will-have-fought.  6.  Tlie- 
city  is-being-fortified.  7.  The-enemies  have-been-conquered.  8.  The- 
enemy  will-be-conquered.  9.  The-boys  were-calling.  10.  The- 
soldier  is-iighting.  11.  The-soldier  was-fighting.  12.  The -girls  had- 
danced.  13.  The-master  walks.  14.  The-boys  are-being-taught. 
15.  The-girl  is-praised. 


Exercise  3.  _ 

Apposition. 

a.  If  two  or  more  Substantives  refer  to  or  describe  the 
same  thing  they  are  put  in  the  same  case.  This  is  called 
Apposition. 

h.  When  two  Substantives  not  referring  to  the  same  thing 
come  together,  the  latter  is  put  in  the  Genitive,  and  generally 
has  the  sign  *  of '  in  English. 

The  Verb,  etc.,  sometimes  agrees  with  the  word  in  apposition. 

1.  Urbs  Roma,     2.  Pyrenaeimontes.     3.  Romulus  rex.     4.  Flumenl 
Tamesis.     5.  Philosophi  morum  magistri  sunt.     6.  Philosophia  morum  ' 
magistra  est.      7.  Romulus  Remi  frater  erat.     8.  Roma  urbs  est  i 
antiquissima.     9.  Libri  nostra  gaudia  sunt.      10.  Oppidum  Gabii 
captum  est.     11.  Thebae,  urbs  validissima,  Boeotiae  caput  est.     12. 
Aurura  res  pretiosa  est.     13.  Vos  iudices  estis.     14.  Dolor  est  mag- 
num malum.     15.  Avus  eius  praetor  erat. 

1.  Of-the-city  (of)  Rome.  2.  For-King  Romulus.  3.  Of-the-river 
Tiber.  4.  Hope  is  the-expectation  of-good.  5.  Caius  is  our  father. 
C.  The-Nile  is  a-very-great  river.  7.  Britain  is  an-island.  8.  Athens 
is  the-capital  of-Attica.  9.  Gold,  the-cause  of-crime,  has  been  found. 
10.  Pompeius  will-be-made  general.  11.  The-sun,  a-great-light,  is 
shining.  12.  He-was-made  praetor  and  consul.  13.  Horses  are  use- 
ful animals.  14.  Experience  is  the-best  mistress.  15.  The-town  of- 
Gabii  will  be  taken. 


50  The  Simple  Sentence.  [4-5 

Exercise  4. 

Recapitulatory. 

If  the  subject  consists  of  more  than  one  person,  words 
applying  to  them  are  put  in  the  Plural. 

1.  Servus  timebat.     2.  Puellae  canebant.     3.  Britannia  est  patria 

nostra.      4.  Bona  lex  lata  est.     5.  Arbores   crescent.     6.  Epistola 

scribebatur.     7.  Opus  confectum  est.     8.  Grave  onus  relictum  erat. 

9.  Boni  pueri,  discipuli  nostri,  laudabantur.     10.  Urbs  Eoma  incensa 

1    est.     11.  Sidera  micabant.     12.  Velox  cervus  currebat.     13.  Aurum 

1    et  argentum,  optima  dona,  missa  sunt.     14.  Fortissimi  milites  pug- 

Vjaabant.     15.  Patres  matresque  amantur. 

1.  To-learn  is  useful.  2.  Brutus,  the-consul,  was-sent.  3.  The- 
Tiber  is  a-great  river.  4.  The-city  of-Carthage  was-destroyed.  5. 
Good  gifts  are  very-useful.  6.  To-read  well  is  difficult.  7.  A-great 
battle  \vas-being-fought.<  8.  Catiline,  a-wicked  man,  was-condemned. 
9.  Brave  men  are-always  praised.  10.  Iron  is  useful.  11.  The- 
raaster  was-reading.  12.  The  time  was  very-short.  13.  These 
books  are  easier.  14.  Augustus,  the-emperor  of-Eome,  is  dead.  15. 
Caesar  and  Brutus  are  dead. 

Exercise  5. 

Recapitulatory. 

Verbs  agree  with  the  First  Person  rather  than  with  the 
Second,  and  with  the  Second  rather  than  with  the  Third. 

1.  Ego  et  Cicero  valemus.  2.  Tu  et  Tullia  valetis.  3.  Urbs 
Roma  bene  munita  est.  4.  Multae  epistolae  scriptae  sunt.  5.  Fortes 
milites  laudabuntur.  6.  Nos  pueri  felicissimi  sumus.  7.  Numa,  rex 
Romanorum,  vir  erat  sapientissimus.  8.  Maxima  dona  missa  erunt. 
9.  Carmina  pulcherrima  cantantur.  10.  Tuns  canis  amissus  est.  11. 
Magister  irascitur.  12.  Hostium  exercitus  fusus  est.  13.  Athenae 
urbs  pulcherrima  erat.  14.  Ignavi  milites  non  laudabuntur.  15. 
Socrates,  philosophus  doctissimus,  mortuus  est. 

1.  Happy  boys  are  playing.  2.  The  walls  of  this  town  are  very 
high.  3.  We  consuls  are  wanting.  4.  The  cowardly  soldiers  would 
have  fled.  5.  Manlius,  a  Roman  soldier,  was  wounded.  6.  Archi- 
medes, a  very  wise  man,  was  killed.  7.  You  and  your  son  are  happy. 
8.  A  most  loving  wife  was  weeping.  9.  You  and  I  will  come  hither,  my 
friend  Brutus.  10.  This  river  is  called  the  Thames.  11.  Sparta  is 
the  capital  of  Laconia.  12.  Brutus,  the  consul,  had  fled.  13.  This 
girl,  my  sister,  will  come  very  quickly.  14.  A  disgraceful  crime  was 
being  committed.  15.  The  cavalry  and  infantry  of  the  enemy  were 
defeated. 


6-7]  Questions. 


iX 


Exercise  6. 
Recapitulatory. 

Adjectives  agree  with  the  Masculine  rather  than  witli  the 
Feminine. 

1.  Numantia  urbs  quotidie  diripitur.  2.  Sigiia  inferuntur.  3. 
Gain  manserant.  4.  Requiescat  ItaHa.  5.  Brutus  Caiusque,  consules 
Romani,  veniebant.  6.  Gramen  est  viride.  7.  Amavissemus.  8. 
Tu  vicisti,  ego  vincam.  9.  Exercitus  noster  devictus  erat.  10.  Tu 
vales,  ego  quoque  valeo.  11.  luba,  rex  fortissimus,  captus  est. 
12.  Consul  fio.  13.  Certior  facta  est.  14.  Regeremus.  15.  Frater 
et  soror  pulcherrimi  sunt. 

1,  My  father  and  mother  are  dead.  2.  I  am  the  cause  of  this  war. 
3.  He  is  the  master  of  these  learned  boys.  4.  Camillus  was  called 
the  father  of  his  country.  5.  The  Belgae  are  the  bravest  of  the 
Gauls.  6.  The  battle  had  begun.  7.  Many  beautiful  girls  were  stand- 
ing around.  8.  The  camp  was  being  attacked.  9.  Sparta,  the  capi- 
tal of  Laconia,  is  being  besieged.  10.  Caesar,  the  leader  of  the 
Romans,  is  coming.  11.  This  beautiful  city  will  be  laid  waste.  12. 
Saguntura,  a  wealthy  city,  is  being  plundered.  13.  Lions  are  very 
fierce  animals.  14.  Very  many  fishes  were  being  caught.  15.  A  loud 
voice  might  have  been  heard. 

Exercise  7. 

Recapitulatory. 

If  the  things  are  lifeless,  the  Adjectives  are  often  neuter. 

1.  Caius  et  Balbus  eo  profecti  erant.  2.  Aurum  et  argentum  pre- 
tiosissima  sunt.  3.  Ego  et  tu  redibimus.  4.  Tarquinius  rex  vocatus 
est  Superbus.  5.  Diu  erat  anceps  fortuna  belli.  6.  Gives  Romani 
vocabuntur  Quirites.  7.  Urbs  Roma  Italiae  caput  est.  8.  Murus 
et  porta  fracta  sunt.  9.  Urbs  nostra  et  nomen  deleta  sunt.  10. 
Hue  venistis,  amici  carissimi.  11.  Acre  telum  volat.  12.  Maximum 
flumen  traiectum  erat.  13.  Galli,  gens  fortissima,  devicti  sunt.  14. 
Orationes  fticundissimae  audiantur.  15.  Vos  omnes  et  liberi  vestri 
condemnantur. 

1.  Gates  and  walls  will  have  been  broken.  2.  You  and  your  wife 
are  very  wicked.  3.  His  opinion  will  soon  be  changed.  4.  A  great 
quantity  of  gold  has  been  found.  5.  Riches,  honour,  glory,  are  very 
pleasant  things.  6.  The  enemy  is  running  away.  7.  These  towns 
will  have  been  fortified.  8.  This  city  will  be  plundered  and  burnt. 
9.  The  island  of  Cyprus  is  very  rich.  10.  A  disgraceful  crime  had 
been  punished.  11.  Both  we  and  our  children  are  poor.  12.  Better 
gifts  will  have  been  sent.  13.  The  kings  will  be  wise.  14.  Romulus 
and  Ivemus  were  brothers.     15.  All  the  burdens  are  very  heavy.  j/ 


58  The  Simple  Sentence.  [8-9 

Exercise  8. 
Questions. 
In  questions  the  Verb  is  usually  in  the  Indicative. 
In  addition  to  the  note  of  interrogation,  there  must  be  an 
interrogative  word. 

If  the  answer  *  yes '  is  expected,  use  nonnS. 
If  the  answer  ^  no '  is  expected,  use  num. 
If  merely  information  is  required,  use  ne. 

iVl^  cannot  stand  by  itself;  it  is  always  joined  to  the  end 
of  the  first  word  of  the  sentence. 

JF/iether — or,  to  be  translated  by  iitrum — an. 

*  Whether'  is  often  omitted  in  English;  for  example,  we 
say,  *  Is  he  poor  or  not  1 '  The  Latins  say,  *  Whether  is  he 
poor  or  not  ] ' 

1.  Quis  es  ?  2.  Nuni  hue  venies  ?  3.  Num  hoc  utile  est  ?  4. 
Egone  sum  fortis  ?  5.  Quota  hora  est  ?  6.  Quot  sunt  milites  ?  7. 
Utrum  Galli  sunt  an  Eoraani  ?  8.  Quid  vis,  mi  fili  ?  9.  liter  horuni 
victor  erit?  10.  Nonne  fortes  erant  ?  11.  Num  totum  opus  confec- 
tum  est  ?  12.  Nonne  aurum  et  argentum  pretiosa  sunt  ?  13.  Nonne 
fortiter  pugnabamus  ?  14.  Utrum  dives  est  annon  ?  15.  Quale  fuit 
negotium  ? 

1.  Who  are  you?  2.  Are  not  fathers  and  mothers  loved?  3. 
Who  is  the  leader  of  this  army  ?  4.  Was  the  town  of  Gabii  taken  ? 
5.  Was  not  the  money  paid  ?  6.  Is  she  not  beautiful  ?  7.  Are  you 
rich  or  poor  ?  8.  Is  he  poor  or  not  ?  9.  Did  he  come  to-day  ?  10. 
What  o'clock  was  it  ?  11.  Who  was  Caesar  ?  12.  How  many  sailors 
were  there  ?  13.  Are  crocodiles  fishes  ?  14.  When  will  the  Komans 
come  ?     15.  Were  not  the  Gauls  conquered  ? 

Exercise  9. 

Commands, 

In  Commands  use  the  Imperative  Mood. 

If  there  is  a  Negative,  the  Perfect  Conjunctive  of  the  Second 


10]  The  Accusative.  59 

Person  must  be  used ;  the  Present  Conjunctive  of  other  per- 
sons. 

Translate  *  not '  in  Negative  Commands  by  ne. 

1.  Amamini.  2.  Monemini.  3.  Ne  recti  sitis.  4.  Ne  fugiaiit 
hostes.  5.  Ne  cucurreris.  6.  Hue  veni  celeriter.  7.  Pecunia  ne 
solvatur.  8.  Monentor.  9.  Eegitote.  10.  Italia  et  Aegyptus,  pro- 
vinciae  ditissimae,  vastentur.  11.  Oppidum  Gabii  diripiatur.  12. 
Veni,  mi  fili.  13.  Ne  mentiti  sitis.  14.  Captivi  interficiantur.  15. 
Ne  timueritis. 

1.  Love  thou.  2.  Don't  love.  3.  Rule  ye.  4.  Do  not  rule.  5. 
Let  me  go.^6.  Let  me  not  go.  7.  Let  them  not  be  warned.  8. 
Hear  ye.  9.  Let  them  escape.  10.  Let  Caesar  and  Brutus  be  slain. 
11.  Be  ye  not  conquered.  12.  Let  Italy  at  length  rest.  13.  Let 
these  rich  cities  be  plundered.  14.  Soldiers,  fight  bravely.  15.  Do 
not  set  out  to-day. 


Exercise  lo. 
The  Accusative. 

Transitive  Verbs  govern  an  Accusative  of  the  object. 

The  object  of  a  Verb  can  be  discovered  by  asking  the  ques- 
tion '  whom  ? '  or  '  what  1 ' 

1.  Latrones  magnam  praedam  abstulerunt.  2.  Caesar  equitcs 
praemisit.  3.  Hostium  exercitum  devicimus.  4.  Latronis  nianus 
vinximus.  5.  Audi  meam  vocem,  mi  fili.  6.  Deum  veneramur.  7. 
Ne  hoc  feceris.  8.  Servi  agros  colebant.  9.  Nonne  hostes  aciem 
instruxerunt  ?  10.  Quid  habes,  mi  care  frater?  11.  Omnes  libros 
amisistis.  12.  Sextus,  Tarquinii  Superbi  filius,  urbem  ceperat.  13. 
Audistine  vocem  meam  ?  14.  Romam  non  videmus.  15.  Altissima 
moenia  urbem  muniunt.     16.  Patrem  suum  imitabitur. 

1.  The  master  teaches  the  boys.  2.  The  boys  hear  the  master.  3. 
She  had  written  a  long  letter.  4.  Are  you  writing  a  letter  ?  5.  Do 
not  kill  me.  6.  She  was  singing  sweet  songs.  7.  We  shall  conquer 
our  enemies.  8.  Follow  your  leader.  9.  The  mother  will  nourish 
her  young  ones.  10.  Worship  God.  11.  Do  you  not  love  your 
mother?  12.  Build  the  walls  of  our  city.  13.  God  created  us.  14. 
Romulus  built  the  walls  of  the  city  of  Rome.  15.  They  had  written 
very  many  letters. 


/ 


60  The  Simple  Sentence.  [11-12 

Exercise  1 1 . 
The  Double  Accusative. 
Some  Verbs  take  two  Accusatives,  especially 

a.  Those  of  asking  and  teaching. 

(In  the  Passive  Voice  these  retain  one  Accusative.) 
&.  Those  of  making,  calling,  thinking. 

1.  Nihil  me  rogavit.  2.  Hoc  te  rogo.  3.  Filium  suum  literas 
docuit.  4.  Pacem  te  poscimus  omnes.  5.  Filiam  suam  Claudiam 
vocavit.  6.  Cur  te  literas  doceam  ?  7.  Rogor  sententiam.  8.  Te 
sapientem  puto.  9.  Primus  me  auxilium  orabit.  10.  Nonne  nos 
multa  hodie  docuisti  ?  11.  Te  facimus,  Fortuna,  Deam.  12.  Nun- 
quam  divitias  deos  rogavi.  13.  Eogatus  sententiam,  nihil  respondit. 
14.  Cur  hanc  artem  doceri  vis  ?  15.  Milites  Caium  salutaverunt 
imperatorem. 

1.  I  shall  pray  Neptunus  for  help.  2.  Do  not  teach  me  letters. 
3.  Do  you  call  me  citizen  ?  4.  The  people  elected  Caesar  consul.  5. 
The  king  asked  the  citizens  for  money.  6.  I  call  you  a  robber.  7. 
He  called  his  son  Horatius.  8.  Being  asked  for  her  opinion  she  said 
this.  9.  Why  should  you  be  taught  letters  to-day?  10.  Socrates 
used  to  teach  philosophy  to  his  disciples.  11.  He  was  asked  for 
advice.  12.  Ceres  taught  the  husbandmen  useful  arts.  13.  Will 
you  teach  me  this  ?  14.  They  call  Antonius  a  traitor.  15.  He  taught 
me  much. 

Exercise  12. 
Prepositions  with  Accusative. 

These  Prepositions  govern  the  Accusative  : — 

ante  cis  iuxta  propter 

apud  contra  ob  per 

ad  intra  penes  secundum 

adversus  erga  pone  supra 

circum  extra  post  versus 

circa  infra  .  praeter  ultra 

citra  intra  prope  trans 

Super,  suiter,  i)),  snh^  implying  motion. 

1.  Apud  me  vivobat.  2.  Quidaui  coniurationem  adversus  Caesarem 
inierunt.  3.  Circa  urbem  erant  agri  fertilissimi.  4.  Arma  ob  hanc 
rationem  sumpserunt.    5.  In  urbem  se  receperunt.     6.  Cicero  contra 


13]  The  Accusative.  CI 


Catilmam  locutus  est.  7.  Castra  extra  urbem  posuit.  8.  Ne  hoc 
attuleris  in  nostram  domum.  9.,  Urbs  penes  hostem  fuit.  10.  Propter 
hane  caussam  in  fugani  se  conttilit.  11.  Caius  ad  me  venerat.  •  12. 
Classis  erat  ad  Actium.  13.  Post  equitem  sedet  atra  cura.  14.  Nihil 
habeo  praeter  hoc.     15.  Trans  Rhenuni  flunien  natabant. 

1.  I  shall  return  to  the  city.  2.  There  was  a  river  beside  the  city. 
3.  He  made  an  attack  on  me.  4.  He  will  be  in  the  power  of  the 
enemy.  5.  He  pitched  his  camp  near  the  sea.  6.  They  fled  to  the 
woods.  V  7.  The  emperor  sent  a  long  letter  to  the  senate.  8.  The  girl 
was  pouring  wine  into  a  golden  cup.  9.  Before  the  door  sat  a  large 
dog.  10.  Among  the  Lacedaemonians  old  men  used  to  be  greatly 
honoured.  11.  He  spoke  against  us  all.  12.  The  actoi-s  were  behind 
the  curtain.  13.  He  was  killed  on  account  of  this.  14.  The  camp 
was  pitched  outside  the  city.     15.  They  fled  within  the  walls. 


Exercise  i^. 
Motion. 

The  place  whither  one  goes  is  put  in  the  Accusative,  with 
the  Prepositions  in  or  ad. 

The  Preposition  is  omitted  if  it  is  either  the  name  of  a 
to-vvn  or  a  small  island,  or  the  words  domum  {home),  rus 
{country). 

1.  Regulus  Carthaginem  rediit.  2.  In  Africam  discesserat.  3. 
Curio  in  Africam  copias  suas  transvexerat.  4.  Ite  domum.  5.  Le- 
gati  in  castra  Hasdrubalis  venerunt.  6.  Iter  in  Galliam  longum  et 
difiicile  erat.  7.  Rus  ibo.  8.  In  forum  redibimus.  9.  Graecorum 
exercitus  Troiam  ivit.  10.  Ad  urbem  venerant.  11.  Ad  lovis  aedem 
se  contulit.  12.  Gallorum  nonnulli  in  Asiaui  pervenerant.  13.  Les- 
bum  abiit.  14.  Caesar  in  Itidiam  rediit.  15.  Sextus  in  Hispaniam 
solus  mox  redibit. 

1.  The  chiefs  of  the  senate  fled  to  Africa.  2.  They  will  go  quickly 
to  Greece.  3.  I  shall  return  home.  4.  Will  you  not  go  to  the 
country?  5.  Don't  go  to  Rome.  6.  Did  Caesar  return  to  Italy  ? 
7.  Who  had  gone  to  Asia  ?  8.  'i  he  con(iuered  soldiers  fled  to  their 
camp.  9.  The  prisoner  was  led  to  the  forum.  10.  Will  you  go  to 
the  city  of  Athens  ?  11.  Boys  go  to  school  daily.  12.  He  sent  gifts 
to  the  priest  of  Jupiter.  13.  The  head  of  Hasdrubal  was  thrown  into 
the  camp.  14.  Will  you  go  home  or  not  ?  15.  Why  did  you  return 
to  the  country?     IG.  They  fled  to  Brutus. 


62  The  Simple  Sentence.  [14-15 


Exei'cise  14. 
-    Time  and  Measure. 

The  Accusative  answers  the  questions — 

1.  How  long?  (of  time.) 

2.  How  long  %  (of  space.) 

3.  How  wide  % 

1.  Pericles  quadraginta  annos  rempublicam  administravit.  2.  Erant 
muri  Babjdonis  ducenos  pedes  alti.  3.  Aream  latam  decern  pedes 
facito.  4.  Iter  unius  diei  aberat.  5.  Triduum  ibi  manebat.  6.  Tria 
millia  passimm  progressus  erat.  7.  Murus  viginti  pedes  altus  erat. 
8.  Num  ibi  biennium  raansisti  ?  9.  Templum  iter  multorum  dierum 
inde  aberat.  10.  Navis  duodeviginti  pedes  lata  erat.  11.  Biduum 
ibi  manebimus.  12.  Ne  ibi  diutius  qiiani  sex  dies  moratus  sis.  13. 
Niun  ibi  biduum  an  triduum  manserat?  14.  Turres  confecerant 
quinquaginta  pedes  altas.     15.  Multos  annos  vixit. 

1.  Who  managed  the  republic  for  forty  years  ?  2.  Of  what  city 
were  the  walls  two  hundred  feet  high  ?  3.  Do  not  make  a  threshing- 
floor  nine  feet  wide.  4.  How  many  days'  journey  was  he  distant  ? 
5.  He  was  walking  about  the  city  for  two  days.  6.  Did  you  not 
remain  there  two  years  ?  7.  The  Russians  were  in  vain  trying  to 
cross  the  Danube  for  two  months.  8.  Did  he  live  many  years  ?  9. 
The  towers  were  fiftj'-  feet  high.  10.  Troy  was  besieged  ten  years. 
11.  The  river  Nile  overflows  its  banks  the  whole  summer.  12.  The 
soldiers  made  a  rampart  six  feet  high.  13.  Near  Rome  the  snow  lay 
many  feet  deep.  14.  A  wall  forty  feet  high  protected  our  city. 
15.  He  lived  all  his  boyhood  near  that  city. 


Exercise  15, 

Recapitulatory. 

1.  Tarquinius  Superbus,  ultimus  rex  Romanorum,  urbem  reliquerat. 
2.  lam  triduum  abest.  3.  Ver  hiemem  mox  fugaverit.  4.  Num 
libros  amisisti,  mi  fili  ?  5.  Ne  pugnam  commiseritis.  6.  Dux  ante 
castra  aciem  saepius  instruxerat.  7.  Frater  mens  moriens  plurimos 
Alios  filiasque  reUquit.     8.  Centurio,  vir  fortissimus,  omnes  Gallorum 


16]  The  Accusative.  63 


impetus  sustinuit,  9.  Croesi  filius  aprum  ingentein  venabatur.  10. 
Nonne  vos  oliui  philosophiaui  docui?  11.  Milites  coniurationem 
ad  versus  imperatorem  inierunt.  12.  Duceni  sequamur,  comites. 
13.  Imperator  copias  suas  in  Graeciain  transduxerat.  14.  Ne  ocius 
cucurreris,  mi  fili.     15.  Aegyptii  multos  deos  colebant. 

1.  The  army  of  Ariovistus,  the  king  of  the  Germans,  had  conquered 
the  Gauls.  2.  Will  you  not  teach  me  letters  ?  3.  She  will  call  her 
daughter  Claudia.  4.  Paris  had  carried  oflf  Helena,  the  wife  of 
Menelaus,  to  Troy.  5.  None,  except  the  brave,  deserve  honours. 
6.  The  fishes  were  uimping  into  the  net,  7.  You  set  out  for  Africa 
before  the  time.vS.  The  walls  of  the  city  were  thirty  feet  high. 
9.  Will  you  not  go  home  quickly  ?  10.  An  exile  came  to  Rome  to 
king  Numa.  11.  Around  the  house  was  a  green  meadow.  12.  How 
many  ships  did  Caesar  send  to  his  friend  ?  13.  On  account  of  this 
reason  he  will  be  killed,     14.  The  Gauls  have  spears  six  feet  long. 


Exercise  i6. 
Recapitulatory. 

1.  Cur  castra  ad  oppidura  posuisti?  2.  Numquid  vis?  3.  Nos 
pueri  patrem  Balbum  imitabimur.  4.  Caesar  T.  Labienum  legatum 
praemisit.  5.  Perfer  labores  fortiter,  amice  mi  Pompei.  6.  Quis  to 
sententiam  rogavit  ?  7.  Ne  me  deceperis.  8.  Multos  labores  passus, 
domum  rediit.  9.  Hoc  oppidum  tridui  iter  abest.  10.  Vir  bonus 
ille  bonam  banc  uxorem  habet.     11.  Pueri  huius  scholae  fient  docti. 

12.  Annulum  aureum,  praeclari  artificis  opus,  in  mare  coniecerat. 

13.  Omnes  Eomani  in  Italiam  se  contulerant.  14.  Tum  hostes 
fortissime  pugnantes  ad  unura  omnes  interficiuntur.  15.  Nonne  alta 
erat  nix  tres  vel  quatuor  pedes  ? 

1.  0  river,  why  dost  thou  run  so  quickly  to  the  sea?  2.  Your 
father  Crassus  was  praising  you,  my  friends.  3.  Numa,  the  king  of 
the  Romans,  was  a  very  wise  man.  4.  Both  you  and  I  shall  be 
punished.  5.  Caesar  conquered  Ariovistus  the  king  of  the  Germans. 
6.  Are  your  wife  and  sister  dead  ?  7.  I  shall  soon  go  to  America. 
8.  Near  my  house  are  two  large  woods,  9.  His  fatlier  taught  him 
the  Greek  tongue.  10.  Is  not  hope  the  expectation  of  good?  11. 
Do  not  leave  me  alone.  12.  Are  riches  and  glory  placed  before  our 
eyes?  13.  The  Romans  have  swords  two  feet  long.  14.  All  the 
mothers  and  girls  were  going  home.  15.  The  man  and  his  wife  are 
well. 


64  The  Simple  Sentence.  [17-I8 


Exercise  17. 

The  Dative. 

Many  Adjectives,  Adverbs,  and  Verbs,  and  more  rarely 
Substantives,  take  a  Dative,  when  they  imply  nearness,  show- 
ing, pleasing,  ruling,  and  their  opposites. 

1.  Est  finitimus  oratori  poeta.  2.  Anguis  Siillae  apparuit  im- 
molanti.  3.  Patriae  sit  idoneus,  utilis  agris.  4.  Omnibus  supplex 
est.  5.  Caesar  captivis  pepercerat.  6.  Congruenter  naturae  vivimus. 
7.  Irae  resistamus.  8.  Omnibus  proeliis  eius  belli  aderat.  9.  Sapiens 
amicorum  eulpis  ignoscet.  10.  Venus  nupsit  Vulcano.  11.  Magister 
pueris  ignavis  irascetur.  12.  Num  mihi  irasceris  ?  13.  Hoc  nobis 
utilissimum  fuit.  14.  Philosophus  doctrinae  semper  vacat.  15. 
Latrones  nobis  maledicebant. 

1.  The  enemy  did  not  resist  our  attack.  2.  Do  we  live  agreeably 
to  nature  ?  3.  Do  not  believe  this  man.  4.  That  disaster  injured 
our  army  greatly.  6.  Who  envies  us '?  6.  This  tree  has  resisted  very 
many  storms.  7.  This  girl  was  very  like  her  mother.  8.  Our 
country  is  very  dear  to  us.  9.  Is  not  the  name  of  Eome  dear  to  all 
its  citizens?  10.  This  place  is  suitable  for  horses  and  cattle.  11. 
Many  books  were  given  to  this  good  boy.  12.  Do  not  sea  and  land 
obey  the  commands  of  God  ?  13.  Pompeius  would  not  have  spared 
the  soldiers  of  Caesar.  14.  The  sun  and  moon  shine  for  men.  15. 
Do  you  believe  these  words  or  not  ? 


Exercise  i8. 

The  Nearer  and  Remoter  Object. 

Many  Verbs  govern  both  a  nearer  object  in  the  Accusative, 
and  a  remoter  object  in  the  Dative. 

1.  Gigantes  belluni  dis  intulerunt.  2.  Anatum  ova  gallinis  sup- 
ponimus.  3.  Caesar  libertatem  populo  Romano  ademit.  4.  Annulum 
digito  detraxit.  5.  Quietem  aliquot  dierum  militibus  dedit.  6.  Num 
hoc  mihi  adimes?  7.  Multa  parentibus  debemus.  8.  Sabini 
Romanis  bellum  indixerant.  9.  Caius  moriens  haec  uxori  imperavit. 
10.  Caius,  frater  mens,  optima  dona  filiis  suis  dedit.  11.  Numa 
virgines  Vestae  legit.  12,  Auremn  pallium  deo  detraxerat  Dionysius, 
Siciliae  tyrannus.  13.  Mors  crudelis  vitani  huic  optimo  viro  ademit. 
14.  Pretiosa  munera  filiabus  dabit.  15.  Literas  imperatori  monstra- 
bimus. 


191  The  Dative.  05 


1.  Let  us  give  useful  gifts  to  our  sons.  2.  Give  me  that  book. 
3.  0  Varus,  give  me  back  my  legions.  4.  Tell  me  your  name.  5. 
The  general  gave  the  spoil  of  the  captured  city  to  his  soldiers.  6. 
The  death  of  Decius  gave  victory  to  the  Romans.  7,  Agrippina 
prepared  poison  for  ClaudiusXs.  Do  you  put  the  eggs  of  hens  under 
ducks  ?  9.  Do  not  declare  war  against  tlie  Sabines.  10.  Will  not 
death  take  away  everything  from  us?  11.  He  surrendered  the 
legions  to  the  enemy.  1'2.  I  will  show  you  everything.  13. 
Cicero  read  Catiline's  letter  to  the  Senate.  14.  He  preferred  death 
to  dishonour. 


Exercise  19. 

Other  Uses  of  the  Dative. 

Ilmvc,  etc.,  may  be  translated  by  ed  mihif  etc.,  instead  of 

habeo. 

Compounds  of  sum  govern  a  Dative  (except  possum), 
A  Dative  is  often  used  as  a  complement. 

1.  Est  horaini  cum  Deo  similitude.  2.  Erant  nobis  mitia  poma. 
3.  Dux  exercitui  non  defuit.      4.  Exitio  est  avidum  mare  nuutis. 

5.  Huic  viro  nomen  Caio  datum  est.  6.  Viri  nostri  nobis  semper 
absunt.  7.  Titum  Labienum  subsidio  urbi  miserat.  8.  Exemplo  est 
magni  formica  laboris.  9.  Magnus  pecudum  numerus  illis  erat. 
10.  Num  militibus  nostris  virtus  deerit?  11.  Germanis  sunt  oculi 
caerulei,  flavi  capilli.  12.  Hoc  nautis  illius  classis  profuit.  13. 
Nonne  hoc  nobis  multum  prodest  ?  14.  Cuinam  proelio  non  affuit  1 
15.  His  pueris  nomina  Caio  et  Balbo  dabuntur. 

1.  Shall  we  have  apples  or  not  ?  2.  Whose  books  are  pleasant  to 
us  ]  3.  He  had  a  quantity  of  slaves.  4.  The  name  of  Julia  was 
given  to  the  girl.     5.  When  will  my  husband  be  absent  from  me  ? 

6,  When  was  Titus  Labienus  sent  as  a  help  to  the  city  ?  7.  Are  not 
ants  an  example  of  industry  ?  8.  He  was  in  command  of  great  forces 
of  cavalry  and  infantry.  9.  He  will  be  in  command  of  the  bridge 
across  the  Uhine.  10.  They  will  have  a  great  quantity  of  gold  and 
silver.  11.  The  Romans  generally  have  black  eyes.  12.  We  were 
present  at  the  battle.  13.  This  will  benefit  us.  14.  Do  not  benefit 
wicked  men.     15.  He  gave  his  son  the  name  of  Caius . 

B.L.fr.  E 


OQ  The  Simple  Sentence.  [20-21 


Exercise  20. 

'^^^  Recapitulatory. 

1.  Equites  per  urbem  fugiebant.  2.  DuxGallomm,  virfortissimus, 
damnatus  est.  3.  Moenia  urbis  vigiiiti  pedes  alta  erant.  4.  Ne 
vitam  dedecori  anteponaraus.  5.  Nonne  hoc  mihi  proinittes  ?  6. 
Multi  nobiles  cives  Catilinae  favebant.  7.  Haec  ne  tibi  quidem 
placebant.  8.  Num  me  tuam  arteni  docebis  %  9.  Milites  irati  in 
oppidum  impetum  fecerunt.  10.  Nonne  et  nos  et  filius  noster  diu 
hie  manebinms  ?  11.  Inter  Komam  Albamque  urbes  castra  posuit. 
12.  Fossam  effodit  qiiinquaginta  pedes  latam.  13.  Ne  hoc  periculuni 
timueritis,  milites  Eomani.  14.  Eomani  regressus  fiiium  ad  se 
vocavit.     15.  In  Asiam  mox  abibunt. 

1.  Have  you  lost  all  your  money?  2.  These  boys  will  sleep  the 
whole  night.  3.  Was  he  not  walking  in  my  garden  ?  4.  Will  he 
soon  have  returned  to  Asia?  5.  The  slave  fears  the  voice  of  his 
master.  6.  There  are  many  very  high  mountains  between  Gaul  and 
Italy.  7.  Sertorius,  spare  the  conquered  enemy.  8.  The  Greeks 
have  taken  away  the  gold  from  the  temple  of  Apollo.  9.  Horatius, 
a  brave  soldier,  fought  against  the  Albans.  10.  Will  not  Venus 
marry  Vulcan,  the  god  of  lire?  11.  Summon  the  cavalry  to  the 
camp.  12.  Our  ancestors  fortified  this  city.  13.  He  gave  many 
presents  to  his  daughters.  14.  Do  not  pardon  these  wicked  men. 
15.  Return  quickly  to  Rome. 

Exercise  21. 

^   '  Recapitulatory. 

1.  Hoc  tibi  iucundissimum  erit.  2.  Nonne  hue  redibis,  mi  fill  ? 
3.  Multos  annos  apud  regem  nostrum  vivebant.  4.  Toti  exercitui 
praeerat.  5.  Camillus  Gallos  domum  redeuntes  devicerat.  6.  Totus 
exercitus  fusus  fugatusque  erat.  7.  Exercitum  fudit  fugavitque. 
8.  Flumen  Tanais  est  dacentos  pedes  latum.  9.  Aper  regis  fiiium 
vulneravit.  10.  Ne  amicitias  ocius  contraxeris.  11.  Patriae  sint 
idonei,  utiles  agris.  12.  Venenum  uxori  suae  paraverat.  13.  Procella 
plurimas  naves  fregerat.  14.  Hoc  donum  nobis  proderit.  15.  Rex 
filio  suo  auream  coronam  dabit. 

1.  The  virtue  of  this  man  is  (meet)  to  be  praised.  2.  Overcome  with 
thirst,  he  asked  the  slave  for  water.  3.  This  boy  has  poured  poison 
into  my  cup.  4.  Did  not  Romulus  call  his  city  Rome  ?  5.  What 
are  you  holding,  my  friend  ?  6.  The  French  used  to  prefer  victory 
to  peace.  7.  She  gave  many  beautiful  dresses  to  her  daughters. 
8.  Will  you  obey  me,  or  not  ?     9.  Let  an  ant  be  to  you  (for)  an  ex- 


22-23]  The  Ablative.  67 


ample  of  great  labour.  10.  The  fate  of  her  brother  also  injured 
Claudia.  11.  A  wall,  many  feet  high,  surrounds  the  city.  12. 
Whom  did  these  songs  please  ?  13.  They  were  playing  among  the 
boys  and  girls.  14.  I  had  been  taught  philosophy.  15.  Do  not 
walk  across  the  garden. 

Exercise  22. 
t^  Recapitulatory. 

1.  Domus  ardebat.  2.  Uxor  tua  tibi  persuadebit.  3.  Capua  et 
otium  ipsum  Hannibalem  corruperant.  4.  Maiores  vestri  universam 
Italiam  vicerunt.  5.  Suavissimas  literas  tuas  accepimus.  6.  Sapiens 
semper  felix  erit.  7.  Omne  corpus  est  vel  aqua  vel  aer  vel  ignis  vel  terra. 
8.  Servus  totam  rem  reginae  monstravit.  9.  Num  tibi  fratrem  tuum 
anteponebamus  ?  10.  Portas  urbis  Bruto  aperuit,  exercitumque 
tradidit.  11.  Nonne  maxima  multitudo  in  Capitolium  convenerat  ? 
12.  Propter  hanc  caussam  condemnati  erinius.  13.  Ego  et  Cicero, 
vir  mihi  carissimus,  valemus.  14.  Si  rogavero  te  aliquid,  nonne 
respondebis  ?     15.  Arbor  vigiuti  pedes  alta  erat. 

1.  The  general,  a  very  brave  man,  gave  all  the  spoils  to  his  soldiers. 
2.  Whose  house  was  burning  ?  3.  Let  not  your  wife  persuade  you 
against  your  will.  4.  He  desired  to  return  to  Italy.  5.  The  king 
and  queen  died  there.  6.  They  will  have  given  us  many  useful  gifts. 
7.  Atys  was  the  son  of  Croesus,  king  of  Lydia.  8.  Do  not  send  me  to 
Greece.  9.  The  king  had  given  many  commands  to  the  soldiers. 
10.  How  many  feet  high  is  the  tree?  11.  Are  you  and  your  friend 
Cicero  well  ?  12.  On  account  of  this  reason  I  keep  you  here.  13. 
He  took  away  all  my  money  from  me.  14.  Crocodiles  are  caught  very 
easily.     15.  He  taught  me  the  art  of  war. 

Exercise  23. 

The  Ablative. 

The  Ablative  denotes  the  cause,  instrument,  manner,  con- 
dition, quality  (accomi)anied  by  an  epithet),  resi)ect,  price, 
measure. 

1.  Odemnt  scelus  boni  virtutis  amore.  2.  Hi  iaculis,  illi  certant 
defendere  saxis.  3.  Iniuria  fit  duobus  mcdis,  aut  vi  aut  fraude. 
4.  Homo  mea  sententia  prudentissimus  est.  5.  Senex  promissa  barba, 
horrenti  capillo.  6.  Angor  animo.  7.  Spem  pretio  non  emo.  8. 
Multo  pessimus  omnium  poeta  erat.  9.  Hostes  veneno  interemit. 
10.  Venator  feras  sagittis  transfixerat.     11.  Caesaris  naves  procellia 


68  The  Simple  Sentence.  [24 


fractae  erant.  12.  Et  corde  et  genibus  tremit.  13.  Hie  liber  asse 
carus  est.  14.  His  conditionibus  in  Italian!  regressus  est.  '  15.  Hos- 
tium  fines  ferro  et  igne  vastaverant. 

1.  He  made  many  friends  by  his  kindness.  2.  Virtue  is  not  bought 
with  money.  3.  They  saved  themselves  by  flight  to  the  woods.  4. 
She  is  a  foot  taller  than  her  mother.  5.  Victory  was  gained  by  much 
blood  and  wounds.  6.  Ennius  was  a  poet  great  in  genius.  7.  They 
were  slain  by  the  javelins  of  the  enemy.  8.  Caesar  was  brave  in  war 
and  wise  in  counsel.  9.  Do  not  kill  the  birds  with  stones.  10.  In 
our  opinion  he  is  a  most  eloquent  man.  11.  They  hate  theft  from 
fear  of  punishment.  12.  Were  you  wounded  by  a  javelin  ?  13.  A 
girl  with  blue  eyes  and  golden  hair.  14.  Achilles  was  wounded  by 
an  arrow  in  the  foot.  15.  Are  you  not  vexed  in  mind  ?  16.  At 
what  price  did  he  buy  the  field  ? 


Exercise  24. 
Ablative  of  Matter. 

a.  These  words  govern  an  Ablative  :  —  (1.)  The  verbs 
fungor  {jperfmin),  fruor  (enjoy),  utor  {use)^  vescor  (eat),  potior 
(get  possession  of),  dignor  (deem  worthy).  (2.)  The  Adjectives 
dignus  (wmiliy),  indignus  (unvmihy),  contentus  (content), 
fretus  (relying  on),  praeditus  (endued).  (3.)  The  Substantives, 
opus  (need),  usus  (use,  need). 

b.  Most  Adjectives  and  Verbs  of  abounding  or  luanting, 
enriching  or  depriving,  take  an  Ablative. 

1.  Cibus  eoruni  lacte,  caseo,  came  constat.  2.  Ducis  munere 
fungar.  3.  Auro  et  argento  utebantur.  4.  Eex  auro  vi  potitur.  5. 
Digna  erat  laude.  6.  Quid  opus  est  verbis  ?  7.  Usus  est  filio  viginti 
minis.  8.  Amor  et  melle  et  felle  est  fecundissimus.  9.  Vacare  culpa 
maximum  est  solatium.  10.  Eex  servis  locuples  erat.  11.  Nonne 
victoria  uteris  ?  12.  Lacte  et  carne  vescuntur.  13.  Nihil  opus  est 
ira.     14.  Poculum  vino  erat  plenum.    15.  Tali  supplicio  indignus  erat. 

1.  They  use  copper  and  iron.  2.  There  will  be  need  of  many 
words.  3.  Is  love  fruitful  in  honey  or  not  ?  4.  He  performed  the 
duty  of  a  soldier.  5.  He  enjoyed  a  long  and  happy  life.  6.  Their 
food  consists  of  fish.  7.  They  need  water  more  than  food.Jc'8.  Rely- 
ing on  his  cavalry  he  drew  up  his  forces.  9.  Are  you  rich  in  gold 
and  silver?  10.  He  was  endued  with  great  courage.  11.  Britain 
enjoys  liberty.      12.   Tarquinius  got  possession  of  the  kingdom  by 


25]  Time  and  Place.  69 


force.  13.  Are  you  content  with  these  gifts  ?  14.  Do  not  be  con- 
tented with  silver.  15.  The  G-erraans  use  very  long  spears.  16.  Let 
us  enjoy  food  and  wine.     17.  I  deem  her  worthy  of  great  praise. 


Exercise  25. 
Time  and  Place. 
The  Ablative  answers  the  questions — 

a.   When  1      Within   what  time  %     How   long   before  1 

How  long  after  1 
h.  Whence? 
c.  By  what  road  1 

The  question,  Where  ?  (of  towns),  is  answered  by  the  old 
Locative  Case,  which  ends  as  follows  : — 

Simjular.  Plural. 
First  Declension     .     .        ae  is 

Second      .,  .     .        i  is 

Third        ,,  .     .        e  (rarely  i)  bus 

Like  these  are — humi  (on  the  ground),  domi  (at  home),  belli, 
niilitiae  (at  the  wars),  ruri  (in  the  country). 

1.  Hi  erne  omnia  bella  conquiescunt.  2.  Biduo  haec  sciemus.  3. 
Homerus  multis  annis  fuit  ante  Ronuihim.  4.  Ibam  forte  Via  Sacra. 
5.  Quid  Romae  faciam?  6.  Is  habitat  Mileti.  7.  Caesaris  virtus 
domi  militiaeque  cognita  est.  8.  Demaratus  fugit  Corintho.  9. 
Alter  Romae,  alter  Athenis  mortuus  est.  10.  Alii  Romae  habitant, 
alii  Carthagine.  11.  Pax  diu  Capuae  fuit.  12.  luvenes  Romani 
philosophiae  studebant  Athenis.  13.  Eo  anno  Carthago  deleta  est. 
14.  Postero  die  ad  versus  Pompeium  profecti  sunt.  15.  Catilina  mox 
Roma  fugerit. 

1.  Do  not  wars  rest  in  winter  1  2.  Next  day  Caesar  took  the  town 
by  storm.  3.  At  daybreak  we  shall  set  out.  4.  Within  three  days 
we  shall  fly  from  Athens.  5.  That  man  always  lives  in  the  country. 
().  Is  Ennius  at  home  ?  7.  Catiline  set  out  for  the  camp  at  midnight. 
8.  Who  was  many  years  before  Romulus  ?  9.  We  shall  go  to  Rome 
by  the  Appian  way.  10.  Hannibal,  being  driven  from  Carthage, 
betook  himself  to  King  Antiochus.  11.  Many  philosophers  used  to 
live  at  Athens.  12.  By  this  way  we  came  to  the  citadel.  13.  Four 
years  before  thoy  used  to  live  at  Cadiz.  14.  Did  he  remain  at  Rome 
or  at  Carthage  (     15.  Do  not  sleep  on  the  ground. 


70  The  Simple  Sentence  [26 

Exercise  26. 

Prepositions  with  Ablative. 

The  following  Prepositions  govern  the  Ablative : — 

a  coram  cum  terms 

ab  de  e  pro 

absque  palam  ex  prae 

clam  sine 

Also  su^eVy  suhter,  sub,  in,  when  they  denote  rest. 

a.  Some  Prepositions,  especially  ab,  de,  ex,  when  compounded 
with  verbs,  govern  the  Ablative. 

b.  The  Ablative  of  the  agent  (of  living  things)  takes  the 
Preposition  a,  ab. 

*  To  he  loved'  can  be  translated  both  by  'amari'  and  *amandus.' 
If  in  doubt  which  to  use,  try  if  you  can  supply  'fit,*  or  'meet,' 
before  'to  be  loved,'  without  injuring  the  sense.  If  you  can,  use  the 
gerundive. 

1.  Ab  urbe  profectus  ero.  2.  Milites  nostri  in  muro  stabant.  3. 
Romam  sine  mora  profecti  erunt.  4.  Qumctius  dictatura  se  abdi- 
cavit.  5.  Detrudunt  naves  scopulo.  6.  Laudatur  ab  his,  culpatur  ab 
illis.  7.  Cicero  multa  de  natura  deorum  locutus  est.  8.  Arma  pro 
communi  salute  sumpserunt.  9.  Dux  castra  in  valle  citra  montem 
posuerat.  10.  Multa  coram  iudice  locuta  est.  11.  Cum  dolore 
locuti  essemus.  12.  Hie  puer  clam  patre  suo  hue  venit.  13.  Scythae 
flumen  Istrum  in  navigiis  transibant.  14.  Sub  terra  latet  aurum. 
15.  Remedia  doloris  a  philosophia  petenda  sunt:         -: 

1.  He  wrote  a  very  pleasant  letter  to  us  about  his  journey.  2.  The 
hunter  was  killed  by  a  lion.  3.  Who  resigned  the  dictatorship? 
4.  He  was  stabbed  with  a  sword  by  the  enemy.  5.  I  have  found 
nothing  to  be  read  in  this  book.  6.  Cato  betook  himself  into  Africa 
with  his  friends.  7.  The  girls  were  walking  in  the  garden.  8.  Why 
did  the  general  pitch  his  c^mj^n  the  top  of  the  mountain  ?  9.  Do 
not  come  to  me  without  Mielmowledge  of  your  father.  10.  By 
whom  was  Caesar  killed  ?  11.  He  left  the  city  with  a  few  com- 
panions. 12.  I  shall  ask  him  for  his  opinion  without  any  delay. 
13.  By  whom  was  she  blamed  ?  14.  What  did  they  say  in  the  pre- 
sence of  the  king  ?     15.  We  had  gone  out  of  the  city  of  Rome. 


27-28]  The  Ablative  Absolute. 


Exercise  27. 
Other  Uses  of  the  Ablative. 

Verbs  and  Participles  denoting  separation  or  origin  take  an 
Ablative. 

The  tiling  compared  is  often  put  in  the  Ablative  instead  of 
the  Nominative  or  Accusative  with  quam  {tlmn). 

Tlie  Ablative  cannot  be  used  instead  of  quam  with  the  other 
cases. 

1.  Cedes  domo.  2.  Tarquinio  natus  erat.  3.  Nihil  est  amabilius 
virtute.  4.  Villus  argentum  est  auro,  virtutibus  aunim.  5.  Puto  mor- 
tem dedecore  leviorem.  6.  Neminem  Lycurgo  utiliorem  Sparta 
genuit.  7.  Cupidior  sum  belli  quam  pacis.  8.  Viri  sunt  ferainis 
validiores.  9.  0,  matre  pulchra  filia  pulchrior  !  10.  Quid  est 
leone  fortius?  11.  Nemo  Romae  Crasso  fuit  ditior.  12.  Literae 
tuae  meis  sunt  suaviores.  13.  Dignior  erat  laude  quam  culpa. 
14.  Quis  patriae  utilior  Lycurgo  fuit  ?  15.  Nihil  tua  amicitia  iucun- 
dius  puto,     16.  Argento  aunim  pretiosius  est. 

1.  Will  you  leave  your  home  ?  2.  Is  he  not  descended  from  Tar- 
quinius  ?  3.  What  is  more  loveable  than  virtue  ?  4.  He  is  fonder  of 
peace  than  war.  5.  Women  are  weaker  than  men.  6.  His  letters  are  .<■ 
more  pleasant  than  yours.  7.  No  animal  is  more  faithful  to  man  than  ^^ 
the  dog.  n/  8.  There  has  never  been  a  greater  city  than  Eome.  9. 
Porsena  was  descended  from  the  kings  of  Etruria.  10.  Is  gold  more 
valuable  than  silver  or  not?  11.  They  were  more  worthy  of  praise 
than  of  blame.  12.  What  is  sweeter  than  honey?  13.  Honesty 
is  better  than  deceit.  14.  The  rays  of  the  sun  are  brighter  than  those 
of  the  moon.  15.  Do  not  give  better  gifts  to  your  daughter  than  to 
your  son. 

Exercise  28 

The  Ablative  Absolute. 

A  Siilistantive  or  Pronoun  combines  with  a  Participle  in 
the  Ablative.  This  construction  is  called  the  Ablative 
Absolute.  It  supplies  the  want  of  the  Perfect  Participle 
Active. 

Instead  of  the  Participle  we  often  find  another  Substantive, 
Pronoun,  or  Adjective. 

Absolate  means  released  from  agreement ;  therefore  this  con- 
struction can  only  l>e  used  when  the  Substantive  is  not  wanted 
fur  the  subject  or  object  of  its  sentence. 


72  The  Simple  Sentence.  [29 


1.  Regibus  exactis  consules  creati  sunt.  2.  Natus  est  Augustus 
Cicerone  et  Antonio  consulibus.  3.  lamque  cinis  vivis  fratribus 
Hector  erat.  4.  Quid  dicam  hac  iuventute  ?  5.  Caesar  devictis  Gallis 
Romam  rediit.  6.  Stricto  ense  impetum  in  hostes  facit.  7.  Mutata 
militum  sententia  Brutus  liaec  facere  constituit.  8.  Occidit,  occidit 
spes  omnis  et  fortuna  nostri  nominis  Hasdrubale  interempto.  9. 
Caesar  duobus  magnis  bellis  una  aestate  confectis  exercitum  in 
hiberna  deduxit.  10.  Omnibus  rebus  confectis  domum  redibimus.  1 1. 
Tota  classis  mersa  est  te  aspectante.  12.  Tarquiniis  Roma  expulsis, 
cives  pace  fruebantur.  13.  Milites  strictis  ensibus  ducem  petierunt. 
14.  Vir  bonus  ille  mortuus  est  circumstantibus  omnibiis  amicis.  15. 
Omni  spe  salutis  amissa  in  arcem  se  recepit. 

1.  So  two  legions  having  been  routed,  the  army  tried  to  escape.  2. 
Hasdrubal  having  been  conquered,  Carthage  soon  perished.  3.  The 
enemy  returned  aftei  taking  the  city.  4.  Who  returned  to  Rome  after 
conquering  the  Gauls  ?  5.  Cicero  defended  Milo  in  the  hearing  of 
many  {saij,  many  hearing).  6.  After  crossing  the  Alps,  Hannibal 
will  come  into  Italy.  7.  After  reading  my  letter  Cicero  spoke  as  fol- 
lows. 8.  Having  discovered  gold,  they  remained  there.  9.  The 
Romans  defeated  the  Germans  under  the  leadership  of  Ariovistus  {say^ 
Ariovistus  being  leader).  10.  Having  finished  this  book,  the  boy 
will  enjoy  rest.  11.  Regulus  was  slain,  his  enemies  looking  on.  12. 
Were  consuls  elected  when  the  kings  had  been  driven  out  ?  13.  Do 
not  do  this  again,  your  crime  having  been  found  out.  14.  I  was  made 
quaestor  in  the  consulship  of  Sulla  {say^  Sulla  being  consul).  15.  Let 
us  fly,  all  hope  of  safety  having  been  lost. 


<^  Exercise  29. 

Recapitulatory. 

1.  .Nonne  oranes  peribimus  ?  2.  Nuntius  ad  ducem  decima  fere 
hora  noctis  venerat.  3.  Romani  cum  Hannibale  multos  annos  bellum 
gesserunt.  4.  Nonne  audetis,  me  duce,  impetum  in  hostes  facere  ? 
5.  Magna  parte  urbis  igne  consumpta  hue  veniet.  6.  Quot  dies  hinc 
abfuisti  ?  7.  Num  nos  hanc  artem  docebis  ?  8.  Duo  et  quadraginta 
pueri  et  puellae  ab  urso  interfecti  sunt.  9.  Duobus  horis  ante  deci- 
mam  quota  hora  erit  ?  10.  Immo  octava  erit.  11.  Socrates  a  populo 
conderanatus  veneno  absumptus  est.  12.  Caius  cum  uxore  sua  Athenis 
habitabat.  13.  Caesar  a  Gallia  profectus  Rubiconem  flumen  mox 
traiiciet.  14.  Quid  praecipue  memorandum  videtur  1  15.  Athenis 
profecta  Romam  cum  matre  sua  mox  aderit. 


30]  Recapitulatory. 


1.  Having  divided  the  spoil,  the  soldiers  returned  to  the  camp. 
2.  Do  you  prefer  peace  or  war  ?  3.  Who  married  Vulcan,  the  God  of 
fire  ?  4.  I  ask  you  for  bread  and  meat.  5.  She  was  in  the  power  of 
a  very  wicked  man.  6.  Around  the  city  was  a  very  great  wood.  7. 
He  remained  many  days  at  Carthage  with  Hannibal,  the  general  of 
the  Carthaginians.  8.  The  slave  will  go  away,  his  work  having  been 
^nished.  9.  On  his  journey  he  was  killed  by  a  pirate.  10.  In  her 
opinion  he  is  a  very  wise  man.  11.  From  Europe  you  will  go  to 
Africa.  12.  A  lion,  a  very  fierce  beast,  was  pursuing  the  terrified 
huntsman.  13.  A  man  with  long  hair  and  a  very  ugly  face  was 
standing  before  our  house.  14.  Don't  teU  him  my  name.  15.  Did 
he  prefer  death  to  dishonour  ? 


^.y,^  Exercise  30. 

Recapitulatory. 

1.  Nonne  poeta  oratori  finitimus  est  ?  2.  Aurum  et  argentum  ante 
oculos  posita  sunt.  3.  Ego  et  filia  mea  valemus.  4.  Fuso  hoste,  dux 
cum  exercitu  in  urbem  regressus  est.  5.  Scythae  Istrum  fluvium 
ponte  iunctum  transibant.  6.  Non  sine  timore  hue  venerant.  7. 
Erat  in  exercitu  iuvenis  quidam  eximio  vultu.  8.  Dato  signo,  undi- 
que  in  hostes  fit  impetus.  9.  Agrippina,  Neronis  mater,  Romae 
habitabat.  10.  Propter  timorem  in  Asiam  me  recepi.  11.  Ab  hoste 
gladiis  interficientur.     12.    Ne  hanc  puellam  huic  viro  tradideris. 

13.  Nonne  philosophiam  te  docueram?  14.  Ille  stultus  argentum 
auro  anteposuerat.  15.  Me  iudice,  turpissimus  es.  16.  Mors  dede- 
core  non  est  turpior. 

1.  Who  wiU  marry  this  woman  ?  2.  Tell  me  your  opinion.  3. 
Was  Sicily  once  joined  to  Italy?  4.  The  foot  of  Philoctetes  was 
wounded  by  the  bite  of  a  seri^ent.  5.  He  preferred  your  gifts  to 
mine.  6.  Having  heard  these  things  he  left  the  house.  7.  She  was 
descended  from  Numa,  king  of  Rome.  8.  The  enemy  was  standing 
on  the  wall.  9.  To  me  she  seemed  a  very  eloquent  woman.  10. 
Having  taken  the  city  they  got  possession  of  the  spoil.  11.  These 
husbandmen  live  on  cheese,  bread,  and  milk.  12.  About  the  house 
w.is  a  ditch  twelve  feet  wide.     13.  Labienus  was  put  over  the  cavalry. 

14.  He  returned  to  Rome  next  day  with  his  daughters.  15.  Catiline 
fled  from  the  city  in  the  consulship  of  Cicero. 


74  The  Simple  Sentence.  [3i 


Exercise  31. 

The  Genitive.  ^ 

a.  The  Genitive  is  the  case  of  the  Possessor. 
h.  A  Genitive  sometimes  so  stands  that  the  words  nature^ 
mark,  or  duty  can  be  supplied. 

c.  Quality  is  also  denoted  by  a  Genitive  with  an  epithet. 

Notice  the  following  Genitives  used  adverbially,  with  which 
the  word  pretii  (price),  is  understood  : — 

parvi,  of  small  value  magni,  of  great  value 

minoris,  of  less  value  pluris,  of  more  value 

minimi,  of  very  little  value  plurimi,  of  very  great  value 

tanti,  of  so  great  price 

quanti,  of  ivhat  price  ? 

maximi,  of  very  great  p>rice. 

(I  Words  denoting  Quantity,  or  part  of  a  thing,  and  Neuter 
Adjectives,  takes  a  Genitive. 

After  partitive  words  use  the  forms  nostrum  {of  us),  vestrum 
{of  you). 

1.  Cuiusvis  hominis  est  errare.  2.  Ingenui  vultus  puer,  ingenui- 
que  pudoris.  3.  Voluptatem  virtus  minimi  facit.  4.  Elephanto 
beluarum  est  nulla  prudentior.  5.  Uterque  nostrum  hoc  ciipit.  6. 
Satis  eloquentiae,  sapientiae  parum  est.  7.  Stulti  est  semper  ridere. 
8.  In  hoc  monte  exstiterat  aper  mirae  magnitudinis.  9.  Iter  viginti 
mille  passumn  biduo  confecimus.  10.  Consul  vir  erat  magnae  virtutis. 
11.  Fortis  vir  mortem  parvi  facit.  12.  Num  magni  hoc  aestimas  ? 
13.  Artis  est  celare  artem.  14.  Quanti  hunc  agrum  vendidit  ?  15. 
Militis  est  Komani  aut  vincere  aut  mori. 

1.  Does  virtue  value  pleasure  at  a  high  price?  2.  Rashness  is  a 
mark  of  youth.  3.  We  value  your  gifts  very  highly.  4.  Is  not  this 
boar  an  animal  of  wonderful  size  1  5.  Claudius  was  a  man  of  very 
short  slumber.  6.  To  yield  to  occasion  is  held  the  mark  of  a  wise 
man.  7.  The  duty  of  a  young  man  is  to  reverence  elders.  8.  The 
elder  of  the  Neros  soon  fought  a  battle.  9.  Of  mortals  nobody  is 
wise  at  all  hours.  10.  Of  fishes  the  females  are  larger  than  the  males. 
11.  Is  it  not  the  nature  of  all  men  to  err?  12.  It  is  the  mark  of  a 
fool  to  lie.  13.  A  boy  of  high-bred  countenance  was  speaking  to 
the  master,  14.  It  is  the  nature  of  dogs  to  bark  and  bite.  15.  Each 
of  you  desires  ease. 


32-33]  The  Genitive.  75 


\/^^  Exercise  32. 

Recapitulatory. 

1.  Homini  uni  animalium  luctus  est  datus.  2.  Titer  nostrum  hoc 
fecerat?  3.  Ne  mihi  aumni  neu  argentum  dederis.  4.  Huic  pro- 
vinciae  nomen  Achaiae  inditimi  est.  5.  Plebs  sibi  tribunos  creavit. 
6.  In  medio  oceano  sunt  insulae  quaedam  pulcherrimae.  7.  Utnim 
huic  viro  nupsit  annon  ?  8.  Caius  inter  alios  lef^atos  Saguntum 
venerat.  9.  Capta  urbe,  consulis  aedes  incensae  sunt.  10.  In 
Italiam  die  quinto,  non  sine  magno  navium  damno,  venit.  11.  Darii 
regis  corpore  in  castra  lato,  Alexander  lacrimas  fudit.  12.  Ne  hoc 
patri  monstraveris.  13.  Est  mihi  multum  pecuniae.  14.  Romulo 
oriundi  sumus. 

1.  You  are  older  than  I.  2.  Sulla  lost  a  hundred  and  twenty  of 
his  men.  3.  Being  asked  for  my  opinion  by  Caesar,  I  said  nothing. 
4.  Having  killed  the  Gaul,  Manlius  returned  to  his  friends.  5.  The 
Belgae  are  the  bravest  of  the  Gauls.  6.  We  keep  something  of  our 
old  strength.  7.  Who  Avns  killed  by  the  bite  of  a  serpent  ?  8.  Do 
the  souls  of  men  after  death  enter  into  the  bodies  of  animals  ?  9. 
Why  did  he  prefer  this  girl  to  her  sister?  10.  This  great  poet  w^as 
born  in  the  consulship  of  Caesar.  11.  What  is  better  than  a  good 
man?  12.  Hannibal  was  enjoying  the  fruits  of  victory  at  Capua. 
13.  They  will  have  gone  to  Asia.  14.  He  bought  this  statue  for  ten 
minae.     15.  They  were  defending  themselves  with  stones. 


Exercise  t,^. 
The  Genitive. 

Some  Adjectives,  Substantives,  and  Participles,  signifying 
skill,  care,  desire,  or  their  contraries,  take  a  Genitive. 

Verbs  and  Adjectives  signifying  power,  impotence ;  guilt, 
innocence ;  condemnation  and  acquittal ;  memory  and  forge t- 
fulness,  take  a  Genitive. 

The  Impersonal  Verbs  piget  {it  irks),  pudet  (it  shames), 
poenitet  {it  repents),  taedet  (it  disgusts),  miseret  (it  moves  pity), 
take  a  Genitive  of  the  thing  with  an  Accusative  of  the  Person. 

1.  Insitus  est  menti  virtutis  amor.  2.  Difficilis  est  cura  rerum 
alienarum.  3.  Corpus  iaborum  patiens  erat.  4.  Imperita  morum 
fuit.  5.  Avida  est  periculi  virtus.  6.  Labienus  belli  peritissimus 
erat.     7.  Romani  signorura  potiti  sunt.     8.  Fraterni   sanguinis   est 


76  The  Simple  Sentence.  [34 

insons.  9.  Servus  furti  absolutus  est.  10.  Condemnamus  haruspices 
stultitiae.  11.  Mortis  memineram.  12.  Miseret  te  aliorum.  13. 
Hos  pueros  stultitiae  poenitet.  14.  Nonne  te  belli  et  sanguinis 
taedet  ?     15.  Patrum  memoriae  recordati  essemus. 

1.  Did  I  not  condemn  the  soothsayer  of  folly?  2.  This  very 
wicked  man  will  be  condemned  to  death  {say,  of  the  head).  3.  He 
is  accused  of  burnings  and  murder.  4.  Will  not  others  be  disgusted 
with  you  ?  5.  My  mind  is  conscious  of  virtue.  6.  Do  not  accuse  the 
slave  of  theft.  V  7.  Death  reminds  us  of  religion.  8.  All  hate  a  man 
unmindful  of  a  kindness.  9.  He  is  ashamed  of  my  friendship.  10. 
Excessive  care  for  riches  is  disgraceful.  11.  Did  the  Eomans  gain 
the  standards  or  not  ?  12.  At  last  she  remembered  the  words  of  her 
dead  mother.  13.  Catiline  was  accused  of  many  crimes  by  Cicero. 
14.  This  boy  is  very  fond  of  learning.  15.  I  am  not  skilled  in  the 
art  of  deceiving. 


^ 


Exe7'cise  34. 
Recapitulatory. 


1.  Galli  ab  exercitu  Eomano,  Caesare  duce,  victi  sunt.  2.  Tu  et 
tua  cara  soror  ad  nos  venietis.  3.  Nonne  mors  nos  relligionis  admonet  ? 
4.  Avem  saxo  occidit.  5.  Agrum  magni  emerat.  6.  Taedet  eum 
sanguinis  et  laboris.  7.  Utrum  in  Asiam  ibis,  annon  ?  8.  Nostra 
sententia  stultissimus  est.  9.  Quid  deBritannis  censetis  ?  10.  Nonne 
Tarquinio,  rege  Eomano,  oriunda  erat?  11.  Ne  mihi  hoc  iterum 
narraveris,  mi  care  fili.  12.  Eoraam  cum  ambabus  suis  filiabus  sine 
mora  contendit.  13.  In  aquam  ceciderunt  et  mersi  sunt.  14. 
Omnibus  meis  inimicis  ignosoam.  15.  Haec  regio  a  Eoma  distat  iter 
quadraginta  dierum. 

1.  The  prophet  was  three  days  and  three  nights  in  the  whale's  belly. 
2.  Thou  dost  not  pity  thyself.  3.  This  girl  is  not  fond  of  writing. 
4.  All  love  a  man  mindful  of  a  kindness.  5.  Anger  is  fond  of  re- 
venge. 6.  This  girl  was  born  in  the  consulship  of  Crassus.  7.  He 
was  bound  with  chains  by  the  enemy.  8.  Our  armies  were  conquered 
by  the  forces  of  the  Gauls.  9.  The  Eoman  army  was  sent  under  the 
yoke.  10.  Being  asked  for  his  opinion  he  answered  in  these  words. 
11.  We  shall  remain  five  days  at  Carthage.  12.  This  city  was  taken 
and  burnt  by  Sulla.  13,  He  does  not  seem  wise  to  me.  14.  The 
people  asked  the  rich  for  food.  15.  He  was  an  old  man  with  a  long 
beard  and  white  hair. 


35-36]  The  Gerund  and  Supine.  77 

Exercise  35. 
The  Infinitive. 

a.  The  Infinitive  stands  as  a  Substantive  for  a  Nominative 
or  Accusative. 

h.  In  narration  it  is  sometimes  put  instead  of  a  Finite  Verb. 
(Historic  Infinitive.) 

c.  It  also  completes  the  sense  of  some  Verbs,  which  would 
not  make  sense  without  it.  {Prolate  Infinitive,  from  pi'^- 
latuDif  supine  of f era.) 

1.  Discere  est  utile.  2.  Invidere  non  cadit  in  sapientem.  3.  Mori 
nemo  sapiens  uiiserum  dixerit.  4.  Multi  sequi,  fugere,  occidi,  capi. 
5.  Sapientes  diu  cogitare  solent.  6.  Diceris  esse  pater  patriae.  7. 
Indices  pecunia  corrupisse  dicitur.  8.  Redire  non  potuerit.  9.  Ille 
improbus  patriae  legibus  parere  nolebat.  10.  Multa  mentiri  voluisti. 
11.  Multa  coram  iudicibus  loqui  non  audebam.  12.  Socrates  iuvenes 
corrupisse  dicitur.  13.  Nonne  discere  et  docere  utilissima  sunt  1 
14.  Ne  discere  inutile  dixeris.  15.  Capta  urbe,  passim  caedes, 
incendia,  turpissima  omnia  fieri. 

1.  I  cannot  do  this.  2.  To  die  for  one's  country  is  sweet  and 
glorious.  3.  They  wish  to  overthrow  our  city.  4.  They  are  said  to  be 
about  to  return.  5.  All  men  wish  to  see  the  city  of  Rome.  6.  To 
lie  is  disgraceful.  7.  Pyrrhus  did  not  cease  to  admire  the  courage  of 
the  Roman  troops.  8.  Writing  is  an  easy  thing.  9.  The  boys 
obeyed  the  orders  of  their  master.  10.  Will  he  be  unwilling  to  obey 
the  laws  of  his  country  ?  11.  Did  you  wish  to  tell  many  lies  (say,  to 
lie  many  things).  12.  Socrates  is  said  to  have  been  the  wisest  of  all 
men.  13.  What  do  you  want  to  do  to-day?  14.  The  first  legion 
having  been  routed,  the  enemy  began  to  fly.  15.  Who  is  said  to 
have  been  the  father  of  his  country  ? 


Exercise  36. 
/ 

The  Gerund  and  Supine. 

The  Gerunds  and  Supines  supply  cases  to  the  Infinitive. 

The  Supine  in  imi  expresses  a  purpose  after  verbs  of  motion. 

AVith  tlie  Impersonal  Infinitive  iri  (a  going),  it  forms  the 
Future  Infinitive  Passive. 

The  Supine  in  ii  is  used  as  an  Ablative  of  resj^ect. 

The  Infinitive  with  Gerunds,  Supines,  and  Participles  governs 
the  same  cases  as  the  Finite  Verb. 


78  The  Simple  Sentence.  [37 

1.  Ad  bene  vivendum  breve  tempus  satis  est.  2.  Ars  scribendi 
discitur.  3.  Cupidus  audiendi  est.  4.  Par  est  disserendo.  5.  Dat 
operam  legendo.  6.  Fugiendo  vincimus.  7.  De  pugnando  deliberant. 
8.  Lusum  it  Mecenas,  dormitum  ego.  9.  Foedum  dictu  est.  10. 
Nefas  visu  est.  11.  Cupio  satisfacere  reipublicae.  12.  Cupidus  sum 
satisfaciendi  reipublicae.  13.  Non  Graecis  matribus  servitum  ibo. 
14.  Praeda  potiti  in  castra  regressi  sunt.  15.  Bellum  Eomanis 
inferens  interiicitur.     16.  Haec  puella  canendi  perita  est. 

1.  There  is  need  of  practice  for  running  well.  2.  He  is  skilled  in 
dancing.  3.  Are  you  desirous  of  satisfying  your  parents  ?  4.  The 
art  of  writing  was  being  learnt  by  these  boys.  5.  The  Germans 
excelled  our  men  in  running.  6.  An  iron  plough  is  useful  for  plough- 
ing. 7.  Are  they  deliberating  about  fighting  or  not  ?  8.  I  shall  go 
to  Rome  to  see  the  games.  9.  It  is  difficult  to  say.  10.  I  saw  an 
old  woman  putting  the  eggs  of  a  duck  under  a  hen.  11.  These  boys 
pay  no  attention  to  reading  well.  12.  Having  got  possession  of  the 
city  they  will  divide  the  spoil.  13.  I  shall  go  to  Athens  to  contend 
in  a  contest  of  learning.  14.  Do  we  not  conquer  by  flying  ?  15. 
This  is  horrible  to  hear. 


Exercise  37. 

The  Gerundive. 

a.  In  Transitive  Gerunds  the  Object  is  generally  attracted 
to  the  Case  of  the  Gerund ;  the  Gerund  to  the  Number  and 
Gender  of  the  object. 

h.  The  Gerundive  used  impersonally  implies  necessity. 
The  agent  is  expressed  by  the  Dative ;  by  the  Ablative  with 
a,  ah,  when  the  Verb  governs  the  Dative,  to  avoid  confusion. 

c.  The  Gerundive  used  in  agreement  with  a  Substantive 
implies  necessity. 

1.  Brutus  in  liberanda  patria  est  interfectus.  2.  Hi  Septemviri 
fuerunt  agris  dividendis.  3.  Bibendum  est.  4.  Eundum  erit.  5. 
Bibendum  est  nobis.  6.  Vobis  eundum  erit.  7.  Civibus  est  a  vobis 
consulendum.  8.  Suo  caique  iudicio  est  utendum.  9.  Chaldaeis 
minime  credendum  est.  10.  Deus  etdiligendus  est  nobis  et  timendus. 
11.  Non  tangenda  rates  transiliunt  vada.  12.  Omnia  parata  sunt  ad 
bellum  gerendum  13.  Platonis  audiendi  studiosus  erat.  14.  Opus 
muri  aedificandi  difficillimum  erat,  15,  Numhuc  venisti  spe  videndi 
Caesaris  ? 


3^]  Recapitulatory.  79 


1.  Brutus  was  killed  in  freeing  Kome.  2.  One  must  not  drink 
often.  3.  One  had  to  go  to  Rome.  4.  He  must  not  drink.  5.  Will 
you  not  have  to  go  ?  6.  The  bravery  of  this  soldier  is  to  be  admired. 
7.  The  Gauls  are  to  be  feared  by  us.  .^8.  The  pleasure  of  reading 
good  books  is  very  great.  9.  This  sword  is  not  to  be  touched.  10. 
He  must  consult  for  us.  11.  This  wicked  man  should  not  be  par- 
doned. 12.  These  words  must  be  answered.  13.  Are  you  fond  of 
seeing  the  sea  ?  14.  They  must  get  possession  of  the  gold.  15. 
Must  we  not  drink  i 


Exercise  38. 

Recapitulatory. 

1.  Morte  mea  reipublicae  satisfaciam.  2.  Nonne  maxima  praemia 
forti  huic  militi  dabuntur  ?  3.  Samnites  magnum  auri  pondus  ad 
Curium  ad  focum  sedentem  tulerunt.  4.  Rogata  sententiam  respon- 
dere  noluit.  5.  Persae,  Dario  duce,  flumen  Istrum  transiere.  6. 
Caesaris  literas  apud  senatum  cum  magno  omnium  plausu  recitavi. 
7.  Semper  studiosus  erat  huius  philosophi  audiendi.  8.  Aemilius, 
consul  llomanus,  in  praelio  Cannensi  periit.  9.  Hunc  oratorem  dis- 
serentem  audieram.  10.  Nonne  hoc  consilium  omnibus  optimum 
videbatur?  11.  Mortuo  duce,  in  acie  peribimus.  12.  Sulla  Romanis 
timendus  erat.  13.  Filium  suum  filiabus  anteposuit.  14.  Non  sum 
canendi  peritus.     15.  Lepus  a  cane  mox  capietur. 

1.  The  Roman  army  was  captured  at  the  Caudine  Forks.  2.  Out- 
side the^Ci^  of  Rome  stood  the  troops  of  the  enemy.  3.  Wild  beasts 
defend  themselves  with  their  teeth,  horns,  and  claws.  4.  Bound 
with  chains  he  was  given  up  to  the  accuser.  5.  He  seems  to  us  a 
very  good  citizen.  6.  Do  not  try  to  deceive  us  by  the  appearance  of 
friendship.  7.  Did  this  counsel  seem  best  to  all  ?  8.  The  work  of 
building  the  city  is  finished.  9.  Is  this  girl  skilled  in  dancing  ?  10. 
I  am  descended  from  Porsena,  king  of  the  Etruriansv  11.  He  will  be 
punished  by  the  good  judge.  12.  You  and  I,  my  dear  friend,  are 
well.  13.  He  will  return  to  Asia  without  the  knowledge  of  the 
consul.  14.  Tell  me  your  opinion  about  this  thing.  15.  He  will  be 
punished  within  three  days. 


80  The  Simple  Sentence.  [39-40 


Exercise  39. 
Recapitulatory. 

1.  Filius  meus  omnium  urtium  peritissimus  erat.  2.  Quando  urbs 
Roma  a  Gallis  capta  est?  3.  Indices  pecunia  doiiisque  corrupisse 
dicor.  4.  Gives  cum  coniugibus  et  liberis  in  muro  stabant.  5.  Num 
quis  tibi  credet  ?  6.  Galli  a  Romanis  devicti  sunt,  Caesare  et  Labieno 
ducibus.  7.  In  Asiafn  redire  nolueramus.  8.  Non  ausa  est  multa 
mentiri.^  9.  Regulus  Carthaginem  in  Africam  redibit.  10.  Hac  de 
caussa  tibi  irascor.  11.  Discendo  doctiores  fiemus.  12.  Multi  sequi, 
capere,  occidere  inimicos.  13.  Pericula  non  timebit,  nam  fortissimus 
est.  14.  Haec  dona  sorori  tuae  sunt  idonea  15.  Parati  erimus  pro 
patria  pugnare. 

1.  My  daughter  is  skilled  in  no  art.  2.  The  city  will  be  taken 
within  three  days.  3.  He  will  go  with  us  to  Egypt.  4.  By  learning 
the  girls  became  more  learned.  5.  Let  us  hasten  home.  6.  Writing 
is  an  easy  thing.  7.  I  shall  not  fear  danger,  for  I  am  guarded  by 
you.  8.  This  horse  is  fit  for  a  bold  rider.  9.  She  was  ready  to  die 
for  her  husband.  10.  Who  prefers  dishonour  to  honour  ?  11.  Claudius, 
the  son  of  Caius,  is  thought  wise.  12.  The  sheep  was  torn  in  pieces 
by  a  wolf.  13.  Don't  sin.  14.  He  killed  a  wolf  with  sharp  teeth 
and  claws.  15.  They  are  grieved  in  mind.  16.  This  shall  happen, 
under  your  leadership. 

Exercise  40. 
Recapitulatory. 

1.  Orpheus  arbo'res  et  saxa  canendo  trahebat.  2.  Num  niultos 
libros  adhuc  scripsisti  ?  3.  Nonne  in  Asiam  redire  parati  sumus  ? 
4.  Totumne  opus  confecisti?  5.  Magister  pueri  culpis  ignoscit.  6. 
Prima  luce  Sulla  aciem  instruxit.  7.  Iter  facturus  haec  coniugi  man- 
daverat.  8.  Strictis  gladiis  in  hostem  impetum  fecimus.  9.  Urbs 
nostra  a  duce  peritissimo  munita  erat.  10.  Currentes  aquas  carmine 
tenuisse  dicitur.  11.  Rex  ab  armigero  suo  confossus  periit.  12. 
Utrum  amicos  an  inimicos  vis  habere  ?  13.  Amicus  regi  forma  praes- 
tabat.  14.  Mulier  captiva  regem  veniam  oravit.  15.  Devicto  homi- 
num  universe  genere,  cum  omnibus  aliis  rebus  bellum  vis  gerere. 

1.  He  could  not  return  to  Athens.  2.  A  civil  war  was  being 
waged  by  the  citizens.  3.  The  courage  of  our  troops  is  to  be  praised. 
4.  We  see  the  light  of  the  rising  sun.  5.  Are  you  not  vexed  in  mind  ? 
C.  He  was  unwilling  to  marry  the  general's  daughter.  7.  The  general's 
daughter  was  unwilling  to  marry  him.  8.  Do  not  cross  the  river.  9. 
He  preferred  the  friendship  of  the  philosopher  Socrates  to  riches.  10. 
These  beasts  were  killed  with  arrows.      11.    The  love  of  drinking 


41-42]  Recapitulatory.  81 

wine  has  become  excessive.  12.  They  will  g;o  from  Europe  to  Asia. 
13.  Does  he  not  live  at  Miletus?  14.  These  boys  will  repent  of 
tlieir  folly.     15.  He  will  perish  together  with  Lis  sons  and  daughters. 

Exercise  41. 

Recapitulatory. 

1.  Librls  optimis  legendis  fit  doctus.  2.  Num  barbari  legiones  nostras 
vincere  poterunt  ?  3.  Postridie  legiones  magnam  victoriam  adeptae 
sunt.  4.  Triduum  in  urbe  nianserat.  5.  Troia  capta,  Ulysses  domuni 
ad  coniugem  suam  redire  constituit.  6.  Nonne  in  meo  horto  ambu- 
lab.is  ?  7.  Legiones  cum  cohortibus  redierunt.  8.  Nonne  haec 
Romano  exercitui  nocebunt?  9.  Venturo  Caesare,  magnum  gaudium 
in  urbe  erat.  10.  Nihil  tibi  auferre  volumus.  11.  Hi  septemviri 
fuerunt  urbi  aedificandae.  12.  Humi  iacebat  tristi  voltu.  13.  Ab 
Aegypto  in  Asiam  magnis  itineribus  contendebat.  14.  Haec  domus 
ab  oppido  iter  unius  diei  abest.  15.  Carthagine  in  Hispaniam  pro- 
fecti  sumus. 

1.  The  name  of  Brutus  was  given  to  the  youth.  2.  Lead  is  heavier 
than  iron.  3.  I  could  wish  to  have  leisure  for  books.  4.  The 
younger  of  the  Scipios  fought  a  battle  with  the  Carthaginians. 
5.  Was  not  Romulus  many  years  after  Homer?  6.  Will  this  girl 
marry  the  old  man  ?  7.  The  walls  of  this  city  were  fifty  feet  high. 
8.  I  shall  have  taught  my  son  letters.  9.  Yon  and  I  shall  have  been 
wounded.  10.  They  burn  with  a  great  desire  of  collecting  riches.  11. 
When  Troy  was  taken  the  Greeks  went  home.  12.  Even  my  enemies 
pity  me.  13.  He  was  condemned  to  death.  14.  A  lion  of  great  size 
was  killed.  15.  Crocodiles  are  found  in  the  river  Nile.  16.  Do  not 
be  ruled. 


Exercise  42. 

Recapitulatory. 

1.  Phillppns  suis  civibus  semper  favebat.  2.  Atticae  caput,  urbs 
prat'clara,  igne  consumitur.  3.  Pecuniam  pauperibus  ne  invideamus. 
4.  Urbs  a  nostris  vallo  et  fossa  munita  est.  5.  Cupidus  erat  satisfaci- 
endi  civibus.  6.  Amor  doctrinae  laudandus  est.  7.  Pelope  natus 
est,  Peloponnesi  rege.  8.  Puellae,  ne  senibus  nupseritis.  9.  Merca- 
tores  a  latrone  interfecti  sunt.  10.  Gcribus  et  pedibus  angor.  11. 
Pompeius  a  Caesare  victns  in  ^gyptum  se  contulit.      12.    Pacem 


82  The  Simple  Sentence.  [43 


posceris,  dux  fortissime.  13.  Puella  ingenno  pudore  coram  iudice 
constituitur.  14.  Circa  Cereris  templuni  erat  murus  decern  pedes 
alius.     15.  Nonne  voluptatem  virtus  parvi  facit  ? 

1.  The  work  is  nearly  finished.  2.  The  shepherd  was  feeding  his 
sheep  in  a  fertile  valley.  3.  A  great  hail  and  wind  have  injured  the 
corn.  4.  Will  you  not  dare  to  fight  for  your  country  ?  5.  He  was 
unwilling  to  go  to  Greece,  for  he  feared  the  pirates.  6.  She  was 
accused  of  theft.  7.  These  men  are  willing  to  give  gold  for  iron.  8. 
Caesar  was  stabbed  by  his  friend  Brutus.  9.  She  was  desirous  of 
hearing  my  voice.  10.  Go  quickly  to  Rome.  11.  Sleep  is  pleasant 
to  the  weary.  12.  Spare  the  conquered.  13.  In  my  opinion  she  is 
very  beautiful.  14.  The  city  having  been  burnt  we  fled.  15.  The 
fish  were  swimming  on  the  top  of  the  water. 


/ 


Exercise  43. 
Recapitulatory. 


1.  Ego  et  uxor  mea  canendi  sumus  studiosissimi.  2.  Mea  sententia 
vita  est  somnium.  3.  Divitias  gloriae  non  anteposuere.  4.  Salute 
frui  sine  sapientia  non  possumus.  5.  Naturae  legibus  parendum  est. 
6.  Hostem  fugientem  cum  toto  exercitu  sequebatur.  7.  Gallinaruni 
ova  anatibus  quis  supponet  ?  8.  Scipioni  cognomen  African©  datur. 
9.  Hie  centurio  exemplo  erat  magnae  virtutis.  10.  Nonne  filius 
simillimus  est  patri  ?  11.  Hieme  mare  ventis  turbatur.  12.  Multa 
huiusmodi  scelera  clam  amicis  admiserat.  13.  Nonne  te  mei  pudet  ? 
14.  Num  Gallorum  fortissimi  sunt  Belgae  ?  15.  Iter  niox  facturus 
haec  mihi  dedit. 

1.  In  summer  the  sea  is  not  troubled  with  many  storms.  2.  Then 
I  was  informed  of  Caesar's  death.  3.  Thebes,  the  capital  of  Boeotia, 
was  destroyed  by  fire.  4.  Are  you  desirous  of  hearing  Socrates  ?  5. 
Many  ships  having  been  wrecked,  he  determined  to  make  others.  6. 
Having  been  accused  of  theft,  he  escaped  punishment  by  the  help  of 
the  orator.  7.  He  was  pouring  poison  into  my  cup.  8.  That  storm 
wrecked  two  hundred  ships.  9.  Return  to  Rome  within  eighteen 
days.  10.  Venus  wished  to  marry  Mars.  11.  Is  not  the  girl  very 
like  her  mother  ?  12.  We  must  not  believe  liars.  13.  I  am  fond  of 
bathing.  14.  Why  did  he  call  his  city  Rome  ?  15.  The  camp  was 
pitched  at  the  foot  of  the  mountain. 


44-45]  Recapitulatory.  83 


Exercise  44. 

Recapitulatory. 

1.  Nuntius  Tarqiiinium  regem  in  horto  ambulantem  invenerat. 
2.  Te  iudice,  non  condemnabor  capitis.  3.  Nonne  Sicilia  quondam 
Italiae  adhaesit  ?  4.  Num  vis  mecum  in  horto  ambulare  1  5.  Devicto 
Hannibalc,  Poeni  de  salute  desperabant.  6.  Philosophus  divitias 
minimi  faciet.  7.  Ob  banc  victoriam  praeclarus  fies.  8.  Dedecus 
morte  turpius  est,  me  iudice.  9.  Acie  ita  ordinata  fortissime  pugnatum 
est.  10.  Huic  stulto  homini  minime  credendum  est.  11.  Ducis 
virtus  laudanda  videbatur.  12.  Diu  Athenis  praeerat  Pericles.  13. 
Hos  equos  maximo  pretio  emam.  14.  Ne  captivos  securi  percusseris. 
15.  Avis  ab  accipitre  capietur. 

1.  Do  you  not  pity  this  poor  man  ?  2.  Don't  cross  the  Aegean  sea, 
my  son.  3.  Having  held  a  levy  the  consuls  returned  to  the  camp 
4.  Let  us  go  to  Asia  with  you.  5.  A  treaty  was  made  on  these  con- 
ditions. 6.  A  lion  of  great  size  was  killed  by  our  weapons.  7.  This 
robber  took  away  our  money  from  us.  8.  For  this  rejison  the  name 
of  Corvus  was  given  to  the  soldier.  9.  Scaevola  killed  the  secretary 
of  Porsena,  king  of  the  Etrurians,  with  a  dagger.  10.  The  sooth- 
sayer was  accused  of  folly.  11.  The  hail  will  have  injured  the  crops. 
12.  Will  you  not  teach  your  daughters  the  art  of  singing  ?  1,3.  I  saw 
the  light  of  the  rising  sun.  14.  One  must  fight  for  one's  country. 
15.  You  will  be  answered  by  us. 


y 


Exercise  45. 

Recapitulatory. 

1.  Eqnites  Romani  barbaronim  copias  fudisse  dicuntur.  2.  Oenturio 
vir  fortissimus,  omnes  Gallorum  impetus  sustinuit.  3.  T.  Labienum 
legatum  cum  duabus  legionibus  omnique  equitatu  praemittit.  4. 
Nonne  nos  pueri  felicissimi  sumus  ?  5.  Hae  literae  tibi  proderunt.  6. 
Pastores  lupum  saxis  interficiebant.  7.  Cupid  a  erat  satisfaciendi 
parentibus.  8.  Labienus  ab  equitatu  hostium  lacessitus  nuntios  ad 
Caesarem  mittit.  9.  Devicti  Galli,  obsidibus  datis,  pacem  petierunt. 
10.  Nulla  pars  urbis  muro  munita  erat.  11.  His  verbis  Ariovisto 
responsum  est.  12.  Quis  fugientem  hostem  timebit  ?  13.  Otium 
deos  rogat  nauta.  14.  Opus  urbis  aedificandae  militibus  profuit.  15. 
Boni  viri  suis  culpis  non  ignosccnt. 


84  The  Simple  Sentence.  [46 


1.  This  work  will  be  very  easy  to  a  brave  soldier.  2.  Our  soldiers 
will  kill  many  enemies  with  their  swords.  3.  Juno  married  Jupiter. 
4.  The  consul  praises  the  centurion,  a  very  brave  man.  5.  Let  us 
fly  from  Corinth  to  Eome.  6.  Ariovistus  must  be  answered  in  these 
words.  7.  Having  been  expelled  from  the  city,  the  king  fled  to  our 
enemies.  8.  We  are  not  ashamed  of  this  brave  deed.  9.  This  work 
having  been  finished,  we  shall  go  to  Gaul.  10.  It  is  not  always  easy 
to  catch  fish  with  a  hook.  11.  The  Gauls  were  overcome  by  the 
valour  and  counsel  of  Labienus  our  general.  12.  Numa,  the  king  of 
the  Romans,  is  said  to  have  been  a  very  wise  man.  13.  We  heard 
the  birds  singing  in  the  garden.  14.  JBe  taught  his  son  the  art  of 
singing.  15.  I  have  sent  the  letter  of  Cicero  the  consul  to  your 
father. 


Exercise  46. 
Recapitulatory. 

1.  Consules  bina  castra  muniunt.  2.  Diu  a  nostris  pugnabitar. 
3.  Multi  utrinque  cadere,  plures  vulnera  accipere.  4.  Prima  luce 
summus  mons  a  Labieno  tenebatur.  5.  Trecenti  sex  periere,  unus 
relictus  est.  6.  Uxor  deinde  eum  ac  liberi  amplexi  sunt.  7.  Cerere 
nati  Liber  et  Libera  appellati  sunt.  8.  Tres  validissimae  urbes, 
Etruriae  capita,  j)acem  petebant.  9.  Urbem  ditissimam,  caput  eius 
gentis,  expugnat  diripitque.  10.  Nostrae  patriae  a  nobis  consulendum 
est.  11.  lucundiorem  faciet  libertatem  servitutis  memoria.  12. 
Castra  promovit,  et  sub  monte  considit.  13.  Progrediuntur  et  sub 
montem  succedunt.  14.  Ad  bene  pugnandum  breve  tempus  non  est 
satis.     15.  Caesar  milites  cohortatuHaciem  commisit. 

1.  Cincinnatus  named  Atratmus  master  of  the  horsemen.  2.  lam 
a  Roman  citizen,  I  am  called  Brutus.  3.  He  found  his  mfe  sitting 
alone  in  the  house.  4.  One  of  the  legions  was  given  to  Fabius  to  be 
led  against  the  enemy.  5.  I  asked  this  of  you  very  often.  6.  Ennius 
the  poet  was  walking  in  the  garden  with  me.  7.  Do  you  wish  to 
cross  the  river  in  this  boat  or  not  ?  8.  Our  horsemen  having  followed 
the  flying  enemy  killed  a  great  number  of  them.  9.  We  have  seen  a 
serpent  of  great  size.  10.  This  town  is  distant  from  Rome  a  journey 
of  many  days.  11.  Do  not  beat  your  sister.  12.  After  this  vic'.ory 
he  got  possession  of  the  cify  of  Athens.  13.  Having  received  this 
news  he  determined  to  pitch  the  camp.  14  Fish  often  swim  at  the 
top  of  the  water.     15.  I  shall  remain  here  two  days. 


\y 


^  w 


47-48]  Recapitulatory,  85 


Exercise  47. 
Recapitulatory. 
1.  Murus  et  porta  fulmine  icta  sunt.  2.  Nobis  nee  deus  nee  quis- 
quam  homo  invidet.  3.  Mors  pro  patria  praeclara  videtur.  4.  Iteram 
tribimus  plebis  fieri  voluit.  5.  Cincinnatum  dictatorem  creaveriint. 
6.  Aedui  victi  Sequanis  obsides  dare  eoacti  sunt.  7.  Nos  caussa  belli, 
nos  vulnerum  ac  caedium  viris  ae  parentibus  sumus.  8.  Huic  deo 
nomem  Mercurio  est.  9.  Flumen  transire  conati,  telorum  multitudine 
repulsi  sunt.  10.  Captivi  pane  nigro  in  carcere  veseebantur.  11. 
Mea  sententia  doctissimus  est.  12.  Romani  non  viam  tantum,  sed 
tecta  etiam  proxima  portae  occupaverant.  13.  Helvetii  copias  suas 
per  fines  Sequanorum  transduxerant.  14.  Filiis  et  filiabus  a  nobis 
consulendum  est.  15.  Utrum  Romae  habitat,  an  Corinthi  ?  16.  Ego 
et  tu,  viri  fortissimi,  capitis  eondemnabimur. 

1.  About  the  fourth  hour  of  the  day  he  saw  a  lion.  2.  He  de- 
manded of  the  magistrates  the  keys  of  the  gates.  3.  Some  were 
standing  on  shore,  others  were  rushing  into  the  water.  4.  We  are 
all  skilled  in  singing,  5.  I  heard  the  young  men  singing  outside  the 
walls  of  the  town.  6.  I  was  born  in  the  eonsulship  of  Cicero.  7.  I 
am  thirty-one  years  old.  8.  Crassus  will  be  made  consul  by  the 
Roman  people.  9.  He  took  away  tbe  arms  from  all  the  cavalry.  10. 
The  ship  having  been  wrecked,  twenty  men  were  drowned.  11.  I 
saw  the  slaves  going  and  returning.  12.  Are  you  unwilling  to 
return  to  Italy  with  me  ?  13.  She  wishes  to  be  first  of  all.  14. 
They  live  on  eggs  and  milk.  15.  We  have  bought  a  statue  of  the 
goddess  for  a  large  price. 

Exercise  48. 
Recapitulatory. 

1.  Extra  urbem  multi  vinci,  capi,  vinciri.  2.  lUud  semper  pro- 
derat,  hoc  semper  proderit  civitati.  3.  Caesar  apud  Sequanos  multos 
dies  moratus  est.  4.  Agricola  anguem  paene  frigore  confectum 
reperit.  5.  Multi  flumen  frustra  transire  conati,  hostium  telis  repel- 
luntur.  6.  Medicus  artis  suae  erat  peritissimus.  7.  Brutus  in 
liberanda  patria  interfectus  esse  dicitur.  8.  Aliis  terrori,  aliis  prae- 
sidio  erat.  9.  Fortis  viri  est  in  periculis  non  timere.  10.  Erat  inter 
Labienum  atque  hostes  difficiU  transitu  flumen.  11.  Uterque  nos- 
trun}  idem  faciet.  12.  Gallia  civium  Roraanorum  eo  tempore  plena 
erat.  13.  Pane  et  lacte  contentus  erat.  14.  Capta  urbe,  magnus 
captivorum  numerus  in  potestatem  victorum  venerat.  15.  Nonne 
pax  bello  erit  melior  ? 


86  The  Simple  Sentence.  [49 

1.  Caesar  said  this  to  Brutus  in  my  hearing.  2.  Then  Tarquinius 
became  king,  the  children  of  Ancus  being  still  alive.  3.  The  legion 
set  out  in  the  middle  of  the  night.  4.  Clodius  was  killed  by  the 
slaves  of  Milo  on  the  Appian  road.  5.  Dionysius,  having  been 
"expelled  from  Syracuse,  used  to  teach  boys  at  Corinth.  6.  Do  not 
go  to  Pompeius  in  Greece.  7.  The  people  withdrew  to  the  Sacred 
Mountain,  three  miles  from  the  city.  8.  Is  it  not  a  sin  to  betray 
one's  country  ?  9.  Why  am  I  called  a  robber  ?  10.  She  will  marry 
a  man  of  great  courage  and  wisdom.  11.  This  country  is  fit  for 
rearing  sheep.  12.  She  was  not  content  with  these  gifts.  13.  Ee- 
lying  on  his  cavalry,  he  determined  to  attack  the  Gauls  next  day. 
14.  Do  not  use  deceit.  15,  In  my  opinion  he  is  not  worthy  of  such 
honour. 


Exercise  49. 

Recapitulatory. 

1.  Temeritas  nostra  non  solum  nobis,  sed  etiam  reipublicae  nocuit. 
2.  Caesar  Sequanis  ab  Ariovisto  oppressis  auxilium  tulit.  3.  Equi- 
tatum  consecuti  nostri,  magnum  numerum  sine  ullo  periculo  inter- 
fecerunt.  4.  Omni  aetati  mors  est  communis.  5.  Vulpes  corvum  ob 
dulcem  vocem  laudabat.  6.  Huic  uxor  ad  portam  occurrit.  7.  Num 
perita  est  canendi  %  8.  Castra  et  urbem  vobis  praedae  dabo.  9. 
Barbarorum  est  in  dies  vivere.  10.  Consulum  alter  exercitum  per- 
didit,  alter  vendidit.  11.  Nonne  tibi  multum  pecuniae  a  nobis 
datum  est  ?  12.  Quaedam  bestiae  alius  generis  bestiis  vescuntur.  13. 
Magnis  copiis  ad  hoc  bellum  opus  erat.  14.  Num  bellum  pace 
melius  est  %     15.  Eomulus  patre  Marte  natus  est. 

1.  The  Carthaginians,  Hannibal  being  their  leader,  waged  war 
with  the  Roman  people  for  many  years.  2.  In  my  garden  are  most 
beautiful  flowers  at  all  times.  3.  She  was  eighteen  years  old  at  that 
time.  4.  The  Spartans,  under  the  leadership  of  Leonidas,  fought 
with  the  Persians  near  Thermopylae.  6.  In  the  second  watch  of  the 
following  night  he  sets  out  for  Rome.  6.  Pompeius  set  out  from 
Greece  for  Alexandria  in  Egypt.  7.  This  city  is  distant  a  mile  from 
the  sea.  8.  Who  is  desirous  of  reading  this  book  ?  9.  I  saw  these 
soldiers  carrying  heavy  burdens.  10.  On  the  road  a  serpent  of  huge 
size  attacked  the  Eoman  army.  11.  Is  anything  more  precious  than 
gold  ?  12.  The  danger  of  attacking  the  city  is  great.  13.  This 
satisfies  us.  14.  Is  not  this  girl  meet  to  be  loved  ?  15.  They  built 
a  wall  eighteen  feet  high. 


50]  Recapitulatory.  87 


Exercise  50. 

Recapitulatory. 

1.  Num  vis  consul  tieri?  2.  Dux  dolorem  tulisse  aequo  animo 
dicitur.  3.  Caesaris  legati  haec  coram  Ariovisto  locuti  sunt.  4. 
Agricola  lupum  secutus  ad  antrum  venerat.  5.  Brutum  adoles- 
centem  copiis  praefecinms.  6.  Tertia  hora  exploratoies  ad  castra 
redierunt.  7.  E  ducentis  navibus  vix  quadraginta  incolumes  fuerunt. 
8.  Centum  boves  militibus  dono  dedit.  9.  Catella  eo  nomine  mortua 
erat.  10.  Britanni  sunt  capillo  promisso  et  corpore  raso.  11. 
Gallorum  ducenti  a  nostris  interfecti  sunt.  12.  Alii  eum  capitis 
damnare,  alii  pecunia  multare  volebant.  13.  Hunc  agrum  maxinii 
emerat.  14.  Multa  Eomae  passus  in  Asiam  se  contulit.  15.  Quis 
unquam  Themistocle  claiior  fuit  ? 

1.  He  was  again  created  consul  during  my  consulship.  2.  It  is  the 
nature  of  a  fool  to  do  this.  3.  The  war  was  finished  within  twenty 
days.  4.  Meanwhile  Caesar  was  remaining  in  Gaul.  5.  Did  he  not 
come  to  you  in  Italy  ?  6.  Then  the  Greeks  returned  to  the  island  of 
Samos.  7.  A  signal  being  given  the  fleet  sailed  about  four  miles.  8. 
We  must  retire  from  this  province  immediately.  9.  Do  not  call  me 
a  robber.  10.  Did  you  prefer  silver  to  gold  ?  11.  Courage  is  valued 
very  highly  by  all.  12.  Tlie  name  of  Britain  was  given  to  this 
island.  13.  He  sent  two  thousand  soldiers  for  a  help  to  the  citizens. 
14.  The  city,  having  been  taken  by  the  Germans,  was  burnt.  15.  He 
defended  himself  against  the  attacks  of  the  enemy  with  his  sword. 


^' 


6 


i^h 


THE    SIMPLE    SENTENCE 

CONTINUED. 

A  Simple  Sentence  is  either — 

(a.)  A  Statement, — Verb  in  the  Indicative  : — 

Ex,  Caesar  vicit  Gallos,  Caesar  conquered  the  Gauls. 

Sometimes  in  the  Conjunctive  : — 

Ex.  Caesar  hoc  fecisset,  Caesar  would  have  done  this. 

(b.)  A  Command, — Verb  in  the  Imperative  or  Present  Con- 
junctive : — 
Ex.  Fac  hoc,  or  facias  hoc,  do  this. 
In  commands  with  a  negative  use  (a)  the  Present  Conjunc- 
tive with  First  and  Third  Persons  ;  (b)  the  Perfect  Conjunctive 
with  the  Second  Person  : — 

Ex.  (a)  Ne  hoc  faciarn,  let  me  not  do  this. 
Ne  hoc  faciat,  let  him  not  do  this, 
{b)  Ne  hoc  feceris,  don't  do  this. 

(c.)  A   Question, — Verb  in  the  Indicative,   with  an  In- 
terrogative word. 
Interrogative  words  are, — 

Quantus,  uter,  qualis,  quis,  quot,  quotus,  uncle,  ubi,  quando. 

Cur,  quoties,  quare,  quam,  quomodo,  num,  ne,  ut,  an,  utrum. 

Translate  whether — or,  by  utrum — an. 

Ex.  Utrum  GaUus  es  an  Eomanus?    {whether)  are  you  a  Gaul  or  a 
Roman  ? 

Exercise  51. 

The  Athenians  were  building  the  walls  of  their  city.  The 
Lacedaemonians  bore  this  ill;  but  Themistocles  deceived  them  in 
this  way.  He  went  to  Sparta  (as)  an  ambassador,  and  spoke  thus  : 
'  My  citizens  are  not  building  the  walls.  You  seem  not  to  believe 
me.  Send  therefore  trusty  men  ;  they  will  inspect  the  city  ;  mean- 
while do  ye  detain  me.'  The  Lacedaemonians  did  this, 
in  this  way,  ablative  of  manner,     me,  dative. 


52-5.0]  Exercises.  89 


Exercise  52. 

Themistocles  at  the  same  time  secretly  sent  a  messenger  to  the 
Athenians,  saying,  *  Build  the  walls  of  the  city  quickly.  Do  not 
abandon  the  enterprise — detain  the  Lacedaemonian  ambassadors.' 
The  Athenians  did  this.  Therefore  Themistocles  returned  to  Athens  ; 
the  Lacedaemonian  ambassadors  were  dismissed,  and  Athens  was 
fortified.  By  the  help  of  Themistocles  Athens  became  the  most 
splendid  city  of  Greece. 

not,  7ie. 

Exercise  53. 

Many  pelicans  arrive  annually  from  the  Black  Sea ;  with  them 
also  come  swans,  cranes,  and  geese.  They  ascend  the  river  Don,  and 
in  autumn  return  by  the  same  way.  The  pelicans  make  their  nests 
with  rushes  ;  within  they  place  soft  grass.  They  lay  two  eggs  like 
ih&  eggs  of  the  swan.  Seeing  danger,  they  hide  their  eggs  in  the 
water  ;  afterwards  they  take  them  out  with  their  bill.  They  feed  on 
fish.  Pelicans  and  cormorants  together  pursue  fish  in  this  way.  The 
pelican  extends  its  wings  and  troubles  the  water  ;  the  cormorant 
diving  into  the  water  then  catches  the  terrified  fish.  They  then  share 
the  booty  equally. 

the  eggs,  dative. 

Exercise  54. 

Seagulls  hy  fiying  from  the  sea  to  the  shore,  and  crows  and 
swallows  by  flying  to  the  sea,  foretell  rain  and  wind.  I  shall  now  tell 
you  the  rejison  of  this  thing.  All  birds  are  fond  of  a  moist  air.  Sea- 
gulls especially  love  an  air  like  to  water,  and  birds  from  the  land  also 
delight  in  bathing.  On  account  of  this  reason  geese  utter  cries,  and 
crows  seem  to  summon  rain,  for  they  are  refreshed  by  the  mildness  of 
the  air. 

by  flying,  volando.     you,  dative  ;  the  remoter  object  of  tell^  reason  being 
the  nearer  object,    are  fond  of,  love,     in  bathing,  lavando,    for,  enim. 

Exercise  55. 

A  husbandman  found  a  snake  almost  dead  with  cold.  Moved 
with  pity  he  cherished  it  in  his  bosom,  and  placed  it  under  his  gar- 
ment. Soon  the  snake,  being  refreshed,  recovered  its  strength,  and 
inflicted  a  deadly  wound  on  the  husbandman  (in  return)  for  his 
kindness. 

on  the  husbandman,  dative  ;  the  remoter  object  of  infUcted. 
(in  return)  for,  pro. 


90  The  Simple  Sentence.  [56-59 


Exercise  56. 

Once  upon  a  time  a  dolphin  is  said  to  have  contracted  a  friend- 
ship with  the  son  of  a  poor  man.  The  boy  ustd  to  feed  him  with 
crumbG  of  bread.  Every  day  the  dolphin,  being  called  by  the  boy, 
swam  to  the  top  of  the  water ;  and,  having  been  fed  by  his  hand, 
carried  the  boy  on  his  back  from  the  shore  to  a  school  in  another 
place,  and  brought  him  back  in  the  same  way.  At  last  the  boy  died, 
and  the  dolphin  is  said  to  have  died  from  grief 

used  to  feed,  imperfect,     the  top  of  the  water,  the  highest  water. 
from,  on  account  of. 

Exercise  ^1. 

Among  the  ancient  Greeks  and  Romans  quails  were  taught  to 
fight  with  each  other.  The  quail  is  a  bird  of  great  courage,  and  prefers 
to  die  than  to  be  conquered.  Once  there  was  a  very  celebrated  quail, 
for  it  had  conquered  all  its  adversaries.  A  certain  mayor  wishing  to 
honour  the  Emperor  Augustus,  served  it  up  at  table.  Augustus, 
angry  on  account  of  the  death  of  so  brave  a  bird,  exclaimed :  '  Kill 
this  mayor  ;  to  have  slain  so  brave  a  bird  is  disgraceful.' 

with  each  other,  among  themselves,     at  table,  dative,     so,  tarn. 

Exercise  58. 

Mars,  the  god  of  war,  was  worshipped  hy  the  Romans  with  great 
honours.  The  wolf  and  tihe^  horse  were  sacred  to  him.  He  was  re- 
presented as  a  warrior,  g^erally  standing  in  a  car,  or  sitting  on  a 
horse,  armed  with  a  spear  and  a  whip.  JJis  sister  Bellona  used  to 
perform  the  duty  of  charioteer  in  his  car.  Mars  is  said  to  have  been 
the  father  of  Eomulus,  the  founder  of  Rome. 

by,  translate  hy,  with  living  creatures,  by  a  or  ah.     his,  of  him. 

Exercise  59. 

Bacchus  was  the  god  of  wine.  He  is  represented  as  a  naked 
youth,  long-haired  and  beautiful.  He  is  crowned  with  ivy,  and 
carries  in  his  hand  a  thyrsus,  that  is,  a  spear  surrounded  either  with 
ivy  or  vine  leaves.  His  car  is  drawn  by  tigers  or  lions.  The  com- 
panions of  Bacchus  were  the  nymphs  and  goat-footed  satyrs.  Once 
Silenus  had  been  his  master ;  he  also  follows  Bacchus,  and  is  re- 
presented as  a  fat  old  man,  with  naked  body,  crowned  with  leaves. 
A  he-goat  used  to  be  sacrificed  to  Bacchus,  for  this  animal  is  wont  to 
injure  the  vines. 

used  to  be  sacrificed,  imperfect. 


60-64  J  Exercises.  91 


Exercise  60. 

Two  dogs,  mother  and  son,  were  hunting  in  a  wood.  A  servant  of 
the  lord  of  the  wood  killed  the  mother.  The  son,  being  frightened, 
ran  away,  but  soon  returned  to  the  place.  Having  found  her  body, 
he  lay  down  beside  her,  and  was  afterwards  found  by  his  master. 
He  was  then  brought  home,  together  with  tlie  body  of  his  mother. 
For  a  long  time  this  aflfectionate  animal  refused  all  food,  and  at  length 
died,  worn  out  with  grief. 

having  found  her  body,  her  body  Juivivg  been/omul. 
for  a  long  time,  diu. 

Exercise  61. 

A  boy  once  met  an  old  woman  driving  asses.     ^  Good  morning, 
mother  of  asses,'  said  he  ;  '  Good-morning,  my  son,'  she  replied, 
good-moming,  Imil. 

Exercise  62. 

A  quarrel  once  arose  between  a  philosopher  and  a  soldier.  The 
soldier  beat  the  philosopher  with  a  stick,  but  the  philosopher  bore 
the  blows  quietly,  without  being  angry.  One  of  his  friends  then  said, 
'  Why  do  you  endure  this  quietly  ?  Such  things  are  not  to  be  endured 
by  a  brave  man.'  The  philosopher  replied,  *  These  things,  my  friend, 
happen  behind  my  back  ;  they  do  not  disturb  me.' 

without  being  angry,  neither  was  he  angry. 
to  be  endured,  gerundive. 

Exercise  63. 

Rome  had  sent  ambassadors  to  the  city  of  Tarentum  in  Italy. 
The  ambassadors  were  going  to  the  assembly.  On  the  road  a  wretched 
fellow  spat  on  the  dress  of  one  of  the  ambassadors.  The  citizens 
began  to  laugh.  '  You  laugh,'  said  the  Roman,  *  but  my  dress  shall 
be  washed  with  your  blood.'  War  was  declared,  and  the  city  of 
Tarentum  lost  many  of  its  citizens.  Thus  the  dress  of  the  ambassador 
was  washed  with  blood. 

the  city  of  Tarentum,  the  city  Tarentum.     in  Italy,  into  Italy. 

on  the  dress,  in  with  ace.  * 

Exercise  64. 

Before  a  battle  a  certain  soldier  came  to  the  General  ana  said, 
*  My  father  is  ill,  and  will  soon  die  :  I  wish  to  see  him  ;  will  you  give 
me  permission  to  goV  *  Go,'  said  the  General ;  *  you  honoui'  your 
father  and  your  mother  :  your  days  will  be  long  in  the  land.' 

to  go,  0/ going,     your  days  will  be  long,  you  will  live  long. 


92  The  Simple  Sentence.  [65-68 


Exercise  65. 

The  Greeks  had  sent  an  expedition  against  Troy.  Agamemnon, 
the  leader  of  the  Grecian  army,  had  wounded  a  doe  sacred  to  Diana. 
An  adverse  wind  sent  by  the  goddess  detained  the  expedition. 
Therefore  Agamemnon  consulted  the  augurs.  These  answered, 
'  Sacrifice  your  daughter  to  Diana  ;  thus  you  will  appease  the  anger 
of  the  goddess.'  Ulysses  was  sent  to  Clytemnestra,- the  mother  of 
Iphigenia,  the  daughter  of  Agamemnon,  and  said  to  her,  '  Give  me 
your  daughter :  Agamemnon  has  promised  her  in  marriage,  to 
Achilles.'  The  girl  was  therefore  given  to  him.  Agamemnon  was 
(joing  to  sacrifice  her,  but  Diana,  pitying  the  girl,  put  a  doe  in  her 
place.  Then  she  carried  off  Iphigenia,  and  made  her  the  priestess  of 
her  temple. 

in  marriage,  in  matrimonium  [ace),     going  to  sacrifice,  fat.  part, 
place,  ace. 

Exercise  66. 

The  quadrupeds  once  declared  war  against  the  birds.  The  lion  was 
chosen  general.  He  began  to  review  his  forces.  The  ass  and  the 
hare  passed  by.  The  bull  said,  '  What  will  these  be  able  to  do  ? ' 
The  lion  answered,  '  I  shall  use  the  ass  as  a  trumpeter,  and  the  hare 
as  an  orderly.' 

against  the  birds,  dative,  of  remote  object,     as,  pro. 

Exercise  67. 

Alexander,  king  of  Macedon,  examined  Ms  portrait  at  Ephesus. 
Apelles,  the  most  celebrated  painter  of  that  time,  had  painted  it. 
Alexander  did  not  praise  it  enough.  But  the  horse  of  Alexander 
having  been  brought  in  neighed  at  the  horse  in  the  picture.  Then 
said  Apelles,  '  0  king,  this  horse  seems  to  be  more  skilled  in  the  art 
of  painting  than  you.' 

his,  of  himself,     the  horse,  dative,     in  the  art,  genitive* 
of  painting,  gerund. 

Exercise  68. 

A  widow  woman  once  had  a  hen.  This  hen  used  to  lay  an  egg 
every  day.  But  the  woman  wished  to  receive  tioo  or  three  eggs 
daily  from  the  hen,  therefore  she  began  to  feed  and  fatten  it  more 
abundantly.  Then  the  hen  became  fat,  and  immediately  ceased  to 
lay  eggs. 

two,  three,  ^tse  the  distributive  numerals. 


G9-73]  Exercises.  93 


Exercise  69. 

Zeuxis,  the  most  celebrated  of  painters,  had  painted  a  boy  carrying 
grapes.  A  bird  tried  to  eat  the  grapes.  Then  Zeuxis  said  :  '  I 
painted  the  grapes  better  than  the  boy,  otherwise  the  bird  would  have 
feared  the  boy.' 

would  have  feared,  plujperf. -conjunctive. 


Exercise  70. 

The  crocodile  from  being  very  small  becomes  very  large.  It  lives 
a  long  time,  and  inhabits  water  and  land  alike.  It  has  no  tongue,  nor 
can  it  move  its  lower  jaw.  It  eats  not  only  fish  and  cattle,  but  also 
human  beings.  The  Egyptians  hold  it  sacred.  Many  crocodiles  are 
said  to  be  kept  in  their  temples.  The  priests  adorn  them  with  golden 
rings  and  bracelets. 

from  being,  from. 

Exercise  71.  — ^ 

Some  one  once  said  to  a  funny  fellow^  *  The  sun  is  wont  to  set 
towards  the  west :  why  does  it  rise  from  the  east  1 '  The  other 
replied,  '  The  sun  always  returns  by  the  same  way  after  sunset,  but 
cannot  be  seen  (while)  returning  ;  for  the  darkness  of  night  hides  it.' 

fellow,  quidam.    sunset,  the  setting  o/the  sun. 

Exercise  72. 

A  lady  once  visited  Cornelia,  the  mother  of  the  Gracchi,  and 
showed  her  all  her  most  beautiful  ornaments.  Cornelia  delayed  her 
with  conversation  for  a  long  time.  At  last  her  boys  returned  from 
school.     Then  she  said,  '  These  are  my  ornaments.' 

lady,  woman,    her,  dative  of  remote  object. 

Exercise  73. 

A  swallow  wishing  to  build  a  nest  flew  to  a  sheep  and  began  to 
pluck  wool  from  its  back.  The  sheep  feeling  pain  from  the  plucking, 
began  to  jump  and  complain.  'What!' said  the  swallow,  '  do  you 
gmdge  nu  a  little  tuft  of  wool  ?  Men  shear  (off)  all  your  wool,  and  you 
say  nothing.'  The  sheep  answered,  *  Men  indeed  shear  (off)  all  my 
wool,  but  they  treat  me  more  gently.' 

me,  to  me. 


^ 


94  The  Simple  Sentence.  [74-78 


Exercise  74. 

A  magpie  and  a  dove  visited  a  peacock.  (While)  returning  the  ill- 
tongued  magpie  said,  *  I  do  not  love  the  peacock.  He  utters  ugly- 
sounds.  Wny  is  he  not  silent  ?  Why  does  he  not  hide  his  ugly  feet  ? ' 
But  the  innocent  dove  replied,  '  I  did  not  notice  his  defects,  but  I 
admired  the  beauty  of  his  body  and  the  splendour  of  his  tail.  I 
cannot  enough  praise  him.' 

praise,  infinitive,  carrying  on  the  meaning  of^  I  cannot,* 


Exercise  75. 

Once  (upon  a  time)  a  doctor  said  to  Pausanias,  the  king  of  the 
Spartans,  ' You  have  become  an  old  man.'  Pausanias  answered,  'I 
truly  am  old  ;  I  never  employed  you  as  a  doctor.'  The  doctor  went 
away  ivithout  saying  anything. 

employed,  used,     without  saying,  see  62,  Note, 
anything,  quidquam  (only  to  be  used  with  negatives). 

Exercise  76. 

Many  wonderful  stories  are  told  about  the  animals  of  Egypt. 
There  are  found  many  winged  snakes.  There  is  a  kind  of  bird  by 
name  the  ibis.  The  ibis  catches  these  snakes  and  lives  on  their 
flesh.  In  the  temples  crocodiles  are  kept  ;  these  wear  golden  rings 
on  their  arms,  and  are  held  sacred  by  the  Egyptians.  The  priests 
give  them  food  daily.  Cats  and  dogs  are  also  held  sacred  by  the 
Egyptians.  Dead  cats  are  pickled  in  salt  and  myrrh  and  other 
perfumes.  The  priests  guard  them  in  the  temples, 
held,  habeo.     them,  to  them. 

Exercise  77. 

Phocion  the  Athenian  was  a  poor  man.  Once  when  Alexander 
sent  him  a  large  sum  of  money,  he  asked,  '  Why  does  he  give  me  this 
money  ? '  The  messenger  replied,  '  Alexander  thinks  you  the  only  good 
man  among  the  Athenians.'  Then  said  Phocion,  'Take  away  the 
money,  I  prefer  to  be  good.' 

when — sent,  abl.  abs.     him,  to  him.     a  large  sum,  mtich. 

Exercise  "jS. 

Once  (upon  a  time)  some  one  said  to  Alexander,  king  of  Macedonia, 
'Darius,  the  king  of  the  Persians,  is  leading  an  immense  army  to 
battle.'  Alexander  replied,  '  One  butcher  is  not  afraid  of  many 
sheep.' 

is  not  afraid  of,  does  not  fear. 


70-821  Exercises.  95 


Exercise  79. 

Once  upon  a  time  some  one  laughed  at  a  Spartan,  saying,  *  You  are 
lame,  how  will  you  be  able  to  fight '?  *  The  Spartan  answered, '  I 
want  to  fight,  not  to  run  away.' 

I  want,  /  desire. 


Exercise  80. 

Tnere  exist  in  the  ocean  huge  animals.  These  are  called  whales. 
They  are  considered  fishes  by  some,  but  really  they  are  animals,  for 
their  blood  is  warm.  They  have  arms  ;  they  have  not  legs.  The 
whale  produces  young,  two  at  a  time.  They  are  said  to  fly  from 
danger,  holding  their  yoimg  in  their  arms.  Sailors  pursue  them  and 
kill  them  with  spears.     They  give  a  great  quantity  of  oil. 

two  at  a  time,  use  the  distributive  numeral. 


Exercise  81. 

Caesar  saw  many  wonderful  animals  in  Gaul.  Among  these  was 
an  ox  with  the  shape  of  a  stag  ;  from  the  middle  of  the  forehead  a  long 
horn  projects  between  the  ears,  longer  and  straighter  than  the  horns 
of  our  oxen.  From  the  end  of  this  horn  branches  are  spread  out  in 
the  likeness  of  palms.  The  nature  of  the  female  and  the  male  is  the 
same  the  shape  and  size  of  the  horns  is  also  the  same. 

the  middle  of  the  forehead,  the  middle  forehead,     in,  into. 


Exercise  82. 

There  are  also  other  wonderful  animals  ;  these  the  inhabitants  call 
elks.  They  are  like  roe-deer  in  shape  and  colour,  but  excel  them  in 
size.  They  have  legs  without  joints ;  hence  they  never  lie  down  for  the 
sake  of  repose,  nor  can  they  (while)  lying  on  the  ground  raise  them- 
selves. They  use  trees  instead  of  a  couch  ;  against  these  they  recline 
themselves,  and  so  enjoy  repose.  These  trees  having  been  discovered, 
the  hunters  nearly  cut  them  down.  Then  the  elks  recline  themselves 
against  the  trees,  and  break  them  down  with  their  weight,  and  are 
thus  easily  taken. 

for  the  sake,  caussa  {all. ).     against,  in,  with  ace. 


96  The  Simple  Sentence.  [83-86 


Exercise  83. 

There  is  also  a  third  kind  ;  these  animals  are  called  bisons.  In 
size  they  are  a  little  smaller  than  elephants  ;  in  shape  and  colour  they 
are  like  bulls.     Their  strength  and  swiftness  are  very  great :  they 

(spare  neither  man  nor  wild  beast.  Not  even  (when)  captured  -yen/ 
small  can  they  be  tamed.  The  size  and  shape  of  their  horns  difFer 
much  from  the  horns  of  our  oxen.  The  Gauls  use  the  horns  of  these 
animals  instead  of  cups. 

man,  dative,     very  small,  tlie  empliatic  word  is  put  between 
ne  and  quidem  [not — even). 

Exercise  84. 

The  nation  of  the  Suevi  is  hy  far  the  greatest  and  most  warlike  of 
all  the  Germans.  The  Suevi  are  said  to  possess  a  hundred  cantons.' 
l\  ^  They  are  said  to  lead  out  every  year  from  their  territory  one  thousand 
of  armed  men  for  the  sake  of  waging  war.  The  remainder  stay  at 
home  and  cultivate  the  fields  ;  these  in  turn  are  in  arms  the  year 
after.  Thus  neither  farming  nor  war  is  neglected.  No  one  possesses 
any  private  land,  nor  is  it  lawful  to  remain  longer  than  a  year  in  one 
place.  Their  food  consists  chiefly  of  milk  and  flesh  ;  they  also  hunt 
often.  Their  daily  exercise  and  this  kind  of  food  makes  them  men  of 
great  stature,  and  increases  their  strength.  They  are  clothed  only  with 
skins,  and  bathe  in  the  coldest  rivers. 

by  far,  longe.     one,  use  the  distributive  numeral    The  remainder,  the 
rest,     any  private  land,  anything  {quidquam)  of  private  land. 

Exercise  85. 

Their  horsemen  often  in  battle  leap  down  from  their  horses  and  fight 
on  foot.  The  horses  meanwhile  stand  in  the  same  place.  Nothing  is 
held  more  disgraceful  than  to  use  saddles.  Therefore  a  small  number 
of  them  dare  to  attack  any  number  of  horsemen  provided  with  saddles. 
Their  horses  are  small  and  ugly,  but  they  train  them  with  great  care. 
They  never  use  wine,  for  wine  is  thought  to  weaken  their  bodies, 
on  foot,  pedibus. 

Exercise  86. 

Leonldas,  king  of  the  Spartans,  heard  a  man  saying,  '  The  Persians 
are  very  numerous  ;  their  arrows  will  darken  the  sun.'  '  So  much  the 
better,'  said  Leonidas,  '  we  shall  fight  in  the  shade.'  A  herald  from 
Xerxes,  the  king  of  the  Persians,  came  to  him  and  said,  '  Surrender 
your  arms.'  Leonidas  answered,  '  Come  and  take  them.' 
so  much,  tanto. 


87-91] 


Exercises.  97 


Exaxise  87. 

A  certain  nobleman  wa&  very  foiul  of  wine.  The  king  once  said  to 
him,  '  You  are  fond  of  a  glass  of  wine  ;  your  friends  tell  me  so.' 
*  They  are  unjust  to  me,  0  king,'  replied  the  other ;  '  I  am  fond  of  a 
bottle  of  wine.' 

was  very  fond  of,  greatly  loved,     a  glass,  a  cup. 

Exercise  88. 

A  certain  fellow  had  been  relating  many  incredible  things.  Wish- 
ing to  repress  his  impertinence,  an  old  man  remarked,  '  These  things 
are  indeed  wonderful ;  but  I  will  tell  you  something  even  more 
wonderful.  One  of  my  friends,  a  flute-player,  once  imitated  thunder 
very  well,  and  immediately  all  the  milk  in  the  house  turned  soui\' 

turned,  became. 

Exercise  89. 

Venus,  the  goddess  of  love  and  beauty,  was  born  from  the  foam  of 
the  sea.  She  is  represented  sitting  in  a  car  drawn  by  swans  or  doves. 
Of  trees  the  myrtle  was  sacred  to  her.  Her  son  Cupid  accompanies 
her,  a  winged  boy,  equipped  with  a  bow  and  arrows.  Besides  him 
she  has  the  Graces,  the  goddesses  of  beauty,  as  companions.  These 
are  generally  represented  naked,  and  with  hands  joined. 

of,  out  of. 

Exercise  90. 

Vulcan,  the  ugliest  of  all  the  gods,  was  the  husband  of  Venus,  the 
most  beautiful  of  all  the  goddesses.  On  account  of  his  ugliness  he  was 
thrown  from  heaven  by  Jupiter,  and  fell  into  the  island  of  Lemnos. 
This  fall  made  him  lame.  He  was  the  god  of  fire  and  of  smiths.  He 
had  a  workshop  in  Mount  Aetna.  His  servants  were  the  Cyclope.s, 
giants  having  one  eye  in  the  middle  of  the  forehead. 

in  the  middle  of  the  forehead,  in  the  middle  forehead. 

Exercise  9 1 . 

The  Scythians  neither  cultivate  the  fields  nor  have  fixed  dwellings, 
but,  feeding  oxen  and  sheep,  are  wont  to  wander  through  uncultivated 
wastes.  They  bring  icith  them  their  wives  and  children  in  waggons. 
They  feed  on  milk,  honey,  and  flesh  ;  they  despise  gold  and  silver, 
nor  do  they  use  money.     Their  bodies  are  clothed  with  skins. 

with  them,  secum  ;  cum  is  written  after  me,  te,  se,  nobis, 
vobis,  quo,  qua,  quibiis,  quis. 
RL.ir  G 


98  The  Simple  Sentence.  [92-95 


Exercise  92. 

In  India  there  are  many  elephants.  This  animal  excels  all  others 
in  docility.  They  learn  to  use  weapons,  to  fight,  to  dance,  to  walk 
^^  along  a  tight  rope,  and  to  do  many  other  wonderful  things.  Elephants 
\^  always  go  in  herds.  The  oldest  leads  the  line  of  march;  another  old 
elephant  walks  behind  the  rest.  (When)  about  to  cross  a  river  they 
send  on  the  smallest.  They  are  caught  in  pitfalls  by  the  natives,  and 
are  easily  tamed. 

in  herds,  gregatim.     the  line  of  march,  agmen. 

Exercise  93. 

The  Chinese  are  very  skilful  workmen.  They  can  imitate  anything 
you  please.  Once  a  sailor  gave  a  garment  and  a  cloth  to  a  Chinese, 
and  said,  *Out  of  this  cloth  make  for  me  a  garment  like  to  this.' 
But  the  garment  was  worn  out  and  torn.  So  the  Chinese  made  the 
garment,  and  then  tore  it.  Then  he  brought  it  to  the  sailor,  and  said, 
*  Here  is  the  new  garment ;  I  have  made  it  like  the  old  one,'  The 
sailor  was  a,ngry,  but  could  say  nothing,  for  he  had  said,  '  Make  a 
garment  like  to  the  old  one.' 

anything  you  please,  quilibet. 

Exercise  94. 

Mercurius,  the  son  of  Jupiter  and  Maia,  was  the  messenger  of  the 
gods.  He  was  the  god  of  eloquence,  of  merchants,  and  also  of  thieves. 
He  was  besides  the  inventor  of  the  lyre.  He  used  to  escort  the  souls 
of  the  dead  to  the  gods  below.  He  was  represented  as  a  handsome 
youth,  with  itnnged  feet,  carrying  a  wand  in  his  hand  surrounded 
with  two  snakes.  Mercurius  also  performed  the  office  of  a  herald, 
and  was  the  god  of  peace.  He  was  worshipped  by  the  Eomans  with 
great  honour. 

used  to  escort,  imperfect,     with  winged  feet,  ahl.  of  quality. 

Exercise  95. 

Ostriches  equal  the  height  of  a  horseman  sitting  on  a  horse.  They 
are  swifter  than  all  other  animals.  Their  wings  assist  them  (while) 
tunning  ;  they  cannot  use  their  wings  for  frying.  They  have  hoofs 
like  the  feet  of  deer  ;  with  these  they  are  said  to  seize  stones  jn  their 
flight,  and  throw  them  at  their  pursuers.  They  are  also  said  to  be 
able  to  digest  iron  and  stones.  Their  feathers  are  sought  for  orna- 
ments. They  are  stupid  animals,  for  they  hide  their  heads  in  a  bush, 
and  then  seem  to  themselves  to  be  well  hidden. 

for  flying,  ad,  ivith  gerund,      at,  in,  with  ace. 
pursuers,  those -pursuing  {pres.  part.),     for,  ad. 


irv*v 


96-99]  Exercises.  99 


Exercise  96. 

Africa  breeds  snakes  twenty  feet  long.  In  India  also  there  are 
immense  snakes  ;  some  are  said  to  be  able  to  swallow  stags  and  oxen 
whole.  Others  are  able  to  kill  them  at  once  with  their  bite,  for  their 
teeth  are  full  of  poison.  There  is  no  remedy  for  the  bite  of  these 
snakes.  The  Indians  do  not  use  shoes,  and  the  greater  part  of  their 
body  is  naked  ;  they  are  therefore  often  killed  by  the  snakes. 

for  the  bite,  of  the  bite. 


Exercise  97. 

Ducks  ai-e  often  caught  by  fowlers  in  this  way.     The  fowlers  place 
nets  near  a  lake,  and  then  hide  themselves  in  the  bushes.     Tame      -^^^ 
ducks  are  then  liberated.     These  swim  on  the  lake  and  attract  the     * 
wild  ducks.      Then  they  swim  towards  the  nets  ;   the  wild  ducks 
follow  them  and  are  easily  caught.     Tame  ducks  taught  to  do  this  are 
sold  for  a  large  price,  and  are  highly  valued  by  the  fowlers. 

for  a  large  price,  abl.     highly,  magni  {pretii,  price,  being  understood). 

Exercise  98. 

The  Indians  in  America  are  very  swift ;  they  are  said  to  equal 
horses  in  swiftness.  There  is  also  a  race  of  frogs  in  the  marshes  of 
America.  These  frogs  can  leap  nine  feet  in  one  leap,  ^ome  feUowa 
once  said  to  an  Indian,  '  Will  you  contend  in  a  race  with  a  frog  ? 
We  will  give  you  much  money.'  The  Indian  agreed.  They  then 
caught  a  frog  in  a  marsh.  Then  they  attached  a  lighted  stick  to  its 
tail.  The  animal  leaped  in  a  wonderful  way,  and  escaped  to  the 
pond,  nor  could  the  Indian  equal  its  swiftness. 

some  fellows,  quidam.    money,  of  money » 

Exercise  99. 

A  certain  rich  merchant  had  lost  all  his  money.  Soon  afterwards 
one  of  his  friends  met  him  and  said,  *  Hov)  are  you  ?'  *  Tolerably 
well,'  replied  the  merchant  ;  '  I  can  use  my  legs  in  walking  better  k^W^ 
than  formerly.'  Then  said  his  friend,  '  I  do  not  understand  your 
words;  will  you  explain  them  to  me]'  'Certainly,'  answered  the 
other  ;  *  I  have  been  obliged  to  sell  my  horses,  and  I  am  now  com- 
pelled to  walk.' 

how  are  you  ?  how  do  yon  hold  {haheo)  yourself? 


100  The  Simple  Sentence.  [100-102 


Exercise  100. 

A  certain  man  once  had  a  celebrated  frog.  This  frog  could  jump 
very  well.  A  stranger  once  said  to  him, '  Give  me  a  frog  also  ;  then 
let  both  jump  :  here  are  ten  pence  :  do  thou  also  lay  down  ten  pence  ; 
the  owner  of  the  victorious  frog  shall  have  all  the  money.'  The  other 
joyfully  agreed,  and  went  out.  Soon  he  returned  carrying  another 
frog.  The  frogs  were  placed  on  the  ground,  but  the  celebrated  jumper 
could  not  jump  at  all,  and  was  easily  defeated.  The  stranger  took 
the  money  and  went  away.  Then  the  other  examined  his  frog  ;  he 
found  it  full  of  lead.  The  stranger  had  filled  it  with  the  lead  in  his 
absence. 

me,  dative,     in  his  absence,  he  {being)  absents 


Exercise  loi. 

We  left  our  ship,  and  began  to  walk  about.  There  stood  not  far 
off  a  vast  palace,  well  built,  with  a  gate  of  ebony.  This  gate  having 
been  opened,  we  saw  before  us  a  large  hall ;  there  lay  two  huge  heaps, 
the  one  of  human  bones,  the  other  of  spits.  Seeing  this  spectacle  we 
began  to  tremble.  Suddenly  the  door  opened  with  a  loud  crash,  and 
there  came  out  an  ugly  man  of  immense  stature.  He  had  one  eye 
only,  in  the  middle  of  his  forehead  :  his  teeth  were  very  long  and 
sharp  ;  his  lips  hung  down  to  his  breast :  his  ears  were  like  the  ears 
of  an  elephant.     From  fear  we  became  immediately  like  dead  men. 

with  a  gate  of  ebony,  abl.  of  quality  {with  epithet),     to,  as  far  as. 


Exercise  102. 

At  last  we  collected  our  minds,  and  saw  him  sitting  in  the  hall  and 
looking  at  us.  Then  he  advanced  and  took  me  by  my  neck,  and 
examined  me.  I  was  very  thin,  therefore  he  let  me  go.  He  then 
took  up  the  rest  one  by  one,  examined  them,  and  at  last  chose  the 
pilot.  Now  the  pilot  was  a  very  fat  man.  Then  he  thrust  a  spit 
through  his  body.  This  being  done,  he  kindled  a  great  fire.  Their- 
he  cooked  and  ate  him.    Then  he  fell  asleep. 

one  by  one,  use  the  distributive  numeral,     now,  autem 
{jmt  it  after  the  first  word  in  the  sentence). 


103-105J  Exercises.  101 


Exercise  103. 

We  were  all- nearly  dead  from  fear.  At  last  I  determined  to  try 
to  save  myself  and  my  companions.  Therefore  I  addressed  them  with 
these  words  :  *  My  friends,  the  giant  will  soon  awake  ;  then  he  will 
kill  another  man  ;  thus  shall  we  all  perish.     Let  us  try  to  do  some-  , 

thing.  Do  not  fear,  but  perform  my  commands.  Harden  a  stake  t^^^^ 
with  fire  ;  let  us  pierce  his  eye  with  this  ;  thus  we  shall  escape  death !' 
All  joyfully  agreed.  The  stake  was  hardened  with  fire.  Then  we 
pierced  the  eye  of  the  sleeping  giant  with  it.  He  awoke,  uttering 
terrible' cries,  but  could  not  see  us.  Then  we  ran  away,  and  escaped 
death. 

from,  on  account  of,     joyfully,  adjective. 


Exercise  104. 

The  Chinese  are  very  fond  of  the  flesh  of  pigs.  Formerly  they  used 
to  eat  the  flesh  raw,  for  they  were  ignorant  of  the  use  of  fire  in  cooking. 
Once  a  house  in  a  certain  city  was  burnt,  and  the  pigs  perished  in  the 
flames.  Their  flesh  gave  (forth)  a  very  pleasant  smell.  A  boy  tasted 
the  flesh,  and  then  said  to  his  friends,  '  The  fire  has  made  the  pigs 
sweeter. '  Then  all  the  inhabitants  burned  their  houses,  and  ate  the 
flesh  of  the  roasted  pigs.  At  length  a  certain  philosopher  said  to  the 
citizens,  *  My  friends,  I  have  an  idea  in  ray  mind.  Cease  to  bum  your 
houses  for  the  sake  of  roasted  flesh.  Perhaps  pigs  can  be  roasted 
without  a  house.  Let  us  try.'  The  citizens  joyfully  roasted  a  pig 
without  a  house  ;  its  flesh  was  very  sweet :  therefore,  from  that  time, 
they  began  to  cook  the  flesh  with  fire,  and  ceased  to  burn  their  houses 
together  with  the  pigs. 

are  very  fond  of,  hve  much,    cooking,  gerund. 

Exercise  105.  r  <^  "*/  

The  mountains  in  Scythia  are  said  to  be  inhabited  by  goat-footed 
men.  There  is  also  in  those  regions  another  wonderful  race  of  men. 
These  sleep  for  six  months  every  year.  Another  race  is  said  to  cook 
and  eat  the  bodies  of  their  dead  relations.  These  men  clean  the  heads  s.  i« 
of  the  dead,  and  gild  them.  Then  they  use  them  instead  of  cups. 
There  are  other  wonderful  men  in  these  mountains  ;  these  have  only 
one  eye  in  the  middle  of  the  forehead.  There  are  also  said  to  be 
treasures,  guarded  by  monsters. 

every,  singuli 


102  The  Simple  Sentence.  [106-108 


Exercise  106. 

Augustus  used  often  to  walk  through  the  city  of  Home,  and 
receive  all  men  with  great  kindness.  Once  a  poor  man,  wishing  to 
ask  a  favour,  %)i  holding  out  his  hand,  and  then  drawing  it  back  from 
fear.  Augustus,  laughing,  said  to  him  :  '  Are  you  giving  a  penny  to 
an  elephant  ?  Do  not  fear ;  what  do  you  desire  ? '  An  old  soldier, 
being  summoned  before  the  judges,  said  to  Augustus,  '  Plead  my 
cause.'  Augustus  then  said  to  one  of  his  companions,  'Plead  the 
cause  of  this  soldier.'  Then  the  soldier  exclaimed,  '  I  did  not  seek  a 
substitute  ;  I  fought  for  you  myself ;  see  my  scars  ;  I  received  these 
wounds  while  fighting  in  your  army.'  Augustus  blushed,  and  pleaded 
the  cause  of  the  soldier  himself. 

kept  holding  out,  imperfect,    while  fighting,  inter,  with  gerund. 


Exercise  107. 

A  brave  soldier  had  been  sent  with  a  message  written  on  paper  to 
one  of  the  generals  of  his  army.  While  making  the  journey  the  enemy 
attacked  him.  He  was  severely  wounded  with  a  javelin,  and  by  the 
same  blow  his  companion  was  killed.  Leaving  the  dead  man  he  fled 
swiftly.  At  last,  worn  out  by  fatigue  and  wounds,  he  fell  on  the 
ground.  Fearing  the  approach  of  the  enemy,  and  not  forgetful  of  his 
duty,  he  concealed  the  paper  in  the  wound.  He  was  found  next  day 
by  his  friends.  He  showed  the  paper  hidden  in  the  wound,  and  then 
died  with  a  joyful  countenance.  The  general  built  a  monument  to  this 
brave  soldier.  On  the  monument  were  these  words,  '  Here  lies  a  brave 
soldier.     He  died,  faithful  to  the  last,  in  the  discharge  of  his  duty.' 

while  making  the  journey,  on  the  road,     and  not,  neither. 
to,  of.     in  the  discharge  of,  discharging. 


Exercise  to 8. 

War  had  broken  out  between  the  French  and  the  Germans.  A 
celebrated  general  of  the  French  was  severely  wounded  in  the  leg. 
The  surgeons  being  consulted  said,  *  The  leg  mwsi  he  cut  off.'  The 
general  received  the  news  with  a  calm  countenance.  There  were  many 
men  around  him  in  the  tent ;  among  these  he  saw  a  faithful  servant 
shedding  tears.  Then  the  general  said,  smiling,  '  Why  do  you  shed 
tears,  my  friend  ?  This  accident  will  lighten  your  labour.  Now  you 
will  clean  one  boot  only.' 

must  be  cut  off,  gerundive. 


109-111]  Exercises.  103 


Exercise  109. 

Once  a  French  pirate  attacked  the  ship  of  &omt  merchants.  The 
merchants  determined  to  resist  the  enemy,  for  there  was  much  (/old 
in  their  ship.  Among  them  was  a  certain  priest.  He  said,  '  1  shall 
not  fight :  it  is  not  (the  duty)  of  a  priest  to  fight.'  The  pirates  ^^^ 
attacked  the  merchants.  These  for  a  long  time  repelled  the  enemy.  " 
At  length  the  pirates  attempted  to  board  the  merchantman.  Then 
the  priest  seized  the  leader  of  the  pirates,  and  said,  *  My  friend,  there 
is  no  need  of  thee  in  this  vessel.'  Having  said  these  words  with  a 
calm  countenance,  he  threw  him  into  the  sea.  The  pirates,  terrified 
by  the  loss  of  their  leader,  were  easily  defeated. 

some,  ctrtain  {quidam).     much  gold,  inuch  of  gold. 


Exercise  no. 

A  brave  centurion  with  a  few  soldiers  was  trying  to  storm  a  fort. 
Three  hundred  Gauls  were  defending  the  fort.  For  a  long  time  they 
were  not  able  to  get  possession  of  it,  for  the  enemy  fought  very 
bravely.  At  last  one  of  the  Gauls  tried  to  pierce  the  centurion  with 
a  spear.  But  he  seized  the  spear  with  both  hands,  and  held  it.  The 
Gauls  then  drew  him  into  the  fort.  But  the  centurion  having  drawn 
his  sword,  attacked  the  enemy  bravely.  They  retreated  ;  and  the  rest 
of  the  soldiers,  having  followed  their  brave  leader,  soon  got  possession 
of  the  fort,  and  killed  all  the  Gauls. 

A,  quidam. 


Exercise  in. 

A  certain  man  had  taught  his  dog  many  things,  and  among  others 
to  fetch  his  food  from  the  cook  in  a  basket.  Once  the  dog  was  return- 
ing to  his  master  thus  laden.  Two  other  dogs,  attracted  by  the  smell 
of  the  food,  determined  to  attack  him.  The  dog  put  the  basket  on  A^-v-* 
the  ground,  and  fought  bravely  against  one  of  them,  but  meanwhile 
the  other  ran  to  the  basket  and  began  to  eat.  At  length,  seeing  no 
hope  of  victory,  he  threw  himself  between  liis  two  opponents,  and 
quickly  devoured  the  food  himself.  Then  he  returned  to  his  master 
with  the  empty  basket. 

his  dog  many  things,  hath  in  the  ace.  after  '  tatujhC 
one  \alter),  one  of  two. 


104  The  Simple  Sentence.  [112-115 


Exercise  112. 

A  philosopher  wishing  to  test  the  ingenuity  of  the  spider,  often 
used  to  place  one  on  a  small  stick  stuck  in  the  ground,  and  surrounded 
the  stick  with  water.  The  spider,  seeing  no  means  of  escape,  ascends 
the  stick,  and  then  ejects  its  web.  The  wind  carries  the  web  to  some 
stick  or  stone.  Then  the  wise  spider  escapes  by  this,  but  it  always 
beforehand  tests  the  strength  of  the  web. 

beforehand,  ante. 


Exercise  113. 

The  Russian  army  was  once  crossing  the  Alps.  The  soldiers,  over- 
whelmed with  fatigue  and  overcome  with  want,  no  longer  obeyed  the 
command  of  their  general,  or  observed  their  usual  discipline.  Then 
the  general  with  a  loud  voice  exclaimed,  '  Dig  a  ditch,  and  cover  me 
with  earth  ;  your  general  desires  to  be  interred  here,  for  you  desert 
him.'  Overwhelmed  with  shame,  the  soldiers  are  said  to  have  thrown 
themselves  at  his  feet,  and  to  have  demanded  pardon. 

at,  ante. 

Exercise  114. 

The  laws  of  Draco,  the  Athenian,  were  very  severe  ;  he  punished 
almost  ail  crimes  with  death.  Hence  the  orator  Demades  used  to  say, 
'  The  laws  of  Draco  are  written  with  blood.'  He  used  to  punish  thieves 
as  severely  as  parricides.  Once  being  asked  by  a  friend,  '  Why  do  you 
punish  little  crimes  with  death?'  he  replied,  'Even  the  smallest 
crimes  are  worthy  of  death  :  there  is  no  greater  punishment  for  greater 
ones.' 

as — as,  tarn — qiuim. 

Exercise  115. 

Phocion,  the  Athenian  general,  never  allowed  domestic  or  private 
things  to  interfere  with  the  republic.  He  often  refused  to  ask  for  any- 
thing even  for  his  own  friends  and  relations.  Once  his  son-in-law  was 
summoned  before  the  judges.  The  accuser  said,  '  He  has  taken  the 
money  of  the  republic  for  himself.'  Then  Phocion  addressed  him  in 
these  glorious  words,  '  I  have  made  you  my  son-in-law,  but  only  for 
just  and  honourable  things.' 

before,  apud.    for,  oh. 


116-118]  Exercises.  105 


ExercLc  ii6. 

Diodes  proclaimed  to  the  Syracnsans,  ^  Ld  no  out  dare  to  enter, 
armed,  into  an  assembly  of  the  people  ;  death  will  be  the  punishment 
of  this  crime.'  Once  an  alarm  was  given  of  an  enemy  approaching, 
and  Diodes  hastened  with  his  soldiers  girt  with  a  sword.  On  the 
way  he  entered  armed  into  the  assembly  of  the  people.  Some  one 
immediately  exclaimed,  'Diodes,  armed  among  the  people,  has 
broken  his  own  law.'  Diodes  then  replied  with  a  loud  voice,  *  Thou 
speakest  the  truth,  nor  skoXl  Diodes  be  the  last  to  sanction  his  own 
laws.'    Then,  having  drawn  his  sword,  he  killed  himself. 

Let  no  one,  ne  quis.     shall  Diodes  be  the  last  to  sanction, 
shall  DiocUs  last  sanction. 


Exercise  117. 

A  general  had  taken  a  well-fortified  city.  Soon  afterwards  a  woman 
of  low  rank  approached  him,  and  complained  with  these  words,  *  One 
of  thy  soldiers  has  taken  my  cattle,  my  sole  wealth.'  *  Didst  thou 
not  hear  the  robbers  V  replied  the  general ;  '  thy  sleep  was  very 
sound.'  *  Certainly,'  answered  she,  '  my  sleep  was  sound,  for  I  trusted 
thy  authority.'  The  general  pitied  the  poor  woman,  and  much  money 
was  given  to  her  instead  of  the  cattle. 

the  general  pitied  the  poor  woman,  it  pitied  the  general  of 
the  poor  woman,     much  money,  much  of  money. 


Exercise  118. 

Once  a  certain  man  had  beaten  one  of  his  companions.  Being 
placed  before  the  judge  he  said,  '  I  cannot  pay  the  fine,  for  I  have  no 
mojiey.'  Now  he  had  a  long  beard.  His  accuser  then  said,  *  The 
defendant  has  a  long  beard,  but  no  money  :  let  his  beard  be  shaved  ; 
he  has  nothing  else  ;  thus  he  will  be  sufficiently  punished.'  The  judge 
replied,  '  Certainly  ;  let  his  beard  be  shaved.'  The  defendant,  being 
terrified,  then  exclaimed,  '  Do  not  shave  my  beard  ;  I  shall  pay  the 
fine.' 

of,  e.     before,  coram,     no  money,  nothing  of  money. 
now,  autem.     sufficiently,  enough. 


106  The  Simple  Sentence.  [119-121 


Exercise  1. 19. 

Arion  was  a  celebrated  harper.  He  lived  for  a  long  time  at  the 
court  of  Periander,  king  of  Corinth.  He  once  went  to  the  city  of 
Tarentum,  and  there  acquired  great  riches.  Afterwards  he  wished 
to  return  home.  Therefore  he  embarked  on  hoard  the  vessel  of  some 
Corinthian  sailors.  These  wished  to  kill  him  on  account  of  his  wealth. 
Then  Arion  took  his  harp,  and  sang  a  beautiful  song.  Then  he  leaped 
into  the  sea.  A  dolphin,  charmed  by  the  song,  placed  him  on  its 
back,  and  swam  with  him  to  land.  Thence  he  went  to  Corinth,  to 
king  Periander.  Meanwhile  the  sailors  had  reached  Corinth,  and 
had  said  to  the  king,  'Arion  is  dead.'  But  Arion  accused  them 
before  the  king,  and  they  were  condemned  to  death. 


at  the  court  of,  apud.     on  board,  in,  with  ace.     some,  nonnuUus. 
before,  coram,     to  death,  of  the  head. 


Exercise  120. 

The  hero  Hercules  formerly  lived  in  Greece.  He  killed  his  children 
through  madness,  and  was  therefore  compelled  to  serve  Eurystheus, 
king  of  Tiryns,  in  Argolis.  By  his  command  he  performed  many 
wonderful  labours.  Greece  was  then  devastated  by  some  fierce  beasts. 
These  Hercules  destroyed  with  his  club  and  arrows.  He  was  after- 
wards freed  from  slavery  by  Eurystheus.  He  then  married  Deianira. 
Once  a  centaur,  Nessus  by  name,  tried  to  carry  her  off,  but  Hercules 
slew  him  with  an  arrow.  The  dying  Nessus  gave  his  shirt  stained 
with  his  poisonous  blood  to  Deianira,  and  said,  '  This  shirt  will  pre- 
serve to  you  the  love  of  your  husband.'  Afterwards  Deianira  gave 
the  shirt  to  Hercules.  But  the  garment  stuck  to  his  limbs,  and  he 
was  killed  by  the  poison.     Thus  Nessus  avenged  his  death. 

through,  propter,     by,  ex.     from  slavery,  abl. 


Exercise  121. 

Anacharsis,  the  Scythian,  was  a  very  wise  man.  He  is  an  example 
of  frugality.  There  exists  a  letter  of  his  nearly  in  these  words  : — 
'  Anacharsis  sends  greeting  to  Hanno.  My  clothing  is  the  skin  of  a 
wild  beast ;  my  couch  is  the  ground  ;  my  sauce  is  hunger  ;  I  live  on 
milk,  cheese,  and  flesh.  Therefore  give  these  gifts  either  to  your  own 
citizens,  or  to  the  immortal  gods.'  He  is  said  to  have  refused  the 
gifts  of  a  rich  man  with  these  words. 

an  example,  for  an  example,     sends,  says. 


122-124]  Exercises.  107 


Exercise  122. 

In  the  Gallic  war,  a  certain  Gaul  of  great  stature  canie  forward  and 
said,  '  Will  any  Roman  fight  with  me  V  Marcus  Valerius,  a  young 
military  tribune,  obtained  permission  from  the  consul.  He  took  his 
arms  and  advanced  towards  the  Gaul.  Then  a  wonderful  thing  is 
said  to  have  happened.  A  raven  perched  on  his  helmet.  They  began 
to  fight.  Then  the  raven  attacked  the  face  and  eyes  of  the  Gaul  with 
its  beak  and  wings.  Valerius  then  easily  slew  the  Gaul  with  his 
sword.  The  raven  then  flew  away.  Afterwards  Valerius  was  called 
Corvus  on  account  of  this  wonderful  circumstance. 

came  torwaxd,  advanced,    will  any,  numquis?    circumatsince,  thing. 


Exercise  123. 

Hannibal,  the  general  of  the  Carthaginians,  had  arrived  in  Apulia. 
The  two  consuls,  Aemilius  and  Varro,  went  out  against  him.  They 
pitched  their  camp  near  the  village  of  Cannae.  Varro,  against  the  will 
of  his  colleague,  formed  line  of  battle,  and  gave  the  signal  for  battle. 
The  Roman  army  was  conquered.  Never  was  the  republic  aflHicted 
by  a  more  severe  wound.  Aemilius  fell,  overwhelmed  with  darts. 
A  soldier,  seeing  him  covered  with  blood,  said,  '  Take  this  horse, 
Aemilius,  and  fly.'  Aemilius  replied,  *  Do  thou  rather  fly,  and  say  to 
the  senators,  "  Fortify  the  city  ; "  I  shall  perish  here  with  my 
soldiers.' 

against  the  will  of  his  colleague,  his  colleague  {being)  unwilling. 
for,  of. 


Exercise  124. 

Titus  Manlius  had  been  sent  away  by  his  father  to  his  farm,  on 
account  of  the  sluggishness  of  his  intellect  and  tongue.  Pomponius,  a 
tribune  of  the  people,  summoned  his  father  hefore  the  judges.  The 
youth,  hearing  this,  formed  a  plan.  Armed  with  a  knife,  he  went  in 
the  morning  to  the  city,  and  entered  the  house  of  Pomponius.  There, 
standing  above  the  bed  of  Pomponius,  he  said,  'Desist  from  your 
accusation,  otherwise  I  shall  slay  you.'  The  terrified  tribune  said,  *  I 
shall  desist  from  the  accusation.'  The  youth  was  greatly  honoured  on 
account  of  his  love  for  his  father,  and  in  the  same  year  was  made 
military  tribune. 

before,  apud.     formed,  entered  into  {ineo). 


108  The  Simple  Sentence.  [125-127 


Exercise  125. 

The  tyrant  Dionysius  once  was  supping  wiili  the  Lacedaemonians. 
They  said  to  him,  '  Have  you  supped  well  ?'  He  answered,  '  I  am  not 
at  all  delighted  with  that  black  soup.'  Now  the  black  soup  was  the 
jprincijpal  dish  of  the  supper.  Then  said  the  cook,  '  It  is  not  at  all 
wonderful,  for  the  sauces  were  wanting.'  *  What  were  they,  yray  ?' 
said  he.  The  cook  answered,  'Labour  in  hunting,  sweat,  running, 
hunger,  thirst, — with  these  things  the  feasts  of  the  Lacedaemonians 
are  seasoned.' 

with,  apud.     principal  dish,  caput,     pray,  tandem,  lit.  a/  length. 


Exercise  126. 

The  Romans  used  to  be  annoyed  by  the  forays  of  the  Veientes. 
Then  the  Fabian  family  approaches  the  senate.  The  consul  Fabius 
speaks  for  his  family, — '  Do  you  take  care  of  other  wars  ;  give  the 
Fabii  as  enemies  to  the  Veientes  ;  we  wish  to  wage  the  war  at  our 
own  private  cost.'  Great  thanks  were  given  to  him.  The  consul 
going  out  from  the  senate-house,  returns  home  accompanied  by  all  the 
Fabii.  The  Fabii  are  greatly  praised  by  all  the  citizens.  Next  day 
they  take  their  arms.  Never  did  an  army,  either  smaller  in  number 
or  more  distinguished  in  reputation,  march  through  the  city,— 306 
soldiers  set  out,  all  patricians,  all  of  one  family. 

for,  pro.     given,  agere.     accompanied  by  all  the  Fabii,  all  the  Fabii 
accompanying. 


Exercise  127. 

They  arrive  at  the  river  Cremera.  The  enemy  were  routed  in 
several  battles,  and  asked  for  peace.  Soon  the  Veientes  repented  of 
peace.  Therefore  war  having  been  recommenced,  they  formed  a  plan 
for  destroying  their  warlike  enemy  by  an  ambush.  The  Fabii  were 
laying  waste  the  fields  ;  cattle  were  driven  by  the  Fabii  towards  them. 
The  Fabii  having  advanced,  fell  into  an  ambush  and  were  all  killed. 
The  day  of  this  slaughter  was  reckoned  among  the  unlucky  days.  The 
Fabii  had  marched  out  of  one  the  gates  of  the  city.  This  gate  was 
called  Wicked.  One  boy  alone  remained  of  the  whole  family.  He 
had  been  left  at  home  on  account  of  his  youthful  age.  He  became 
father  of  an  illustrious  family  of  Fabii. 

the  Veientes  repented,  it  repented  the  Veientes.     of,  c. 


128-130]  Exercises.  109 


Exercise  128. 

Porsena,  the  king  of  the  Etrurians,  determined  to  restore  the  Tar- 
quins  ;  therefore  he  came  with  a  large  army  to  Ilome.  With  his  first 
assault  he  took  the  hill  Janiculum.  Never  before  did  so  great  fear 
seize  the  Romans ;  they  leave  their  fields ;  they  fly  into  the  city ;  they 
surround  the  city  itself  with  forts.  One  part  of  the  city  seemed  safe, 
on  account  of  its  walls,  another  part  on  account  of  the  Tiber.  A 
bridge  nearly  gave  a  road  to  the  enemy.  There  was  a  man,  Horatius 
Codes  by  name.  He  had  received  this  name  on  account  of  an  eye  lost 
in  battle.  He  stood  before  the  bridge,  and  alone  resisted  the  enemy. 
Meanwhile  the  citizens  were  cutting  down  the  bridge  behind  him. 
The  bridge  being  cut,- he  leapt  into  the  Tiber,  and  swam  across  safe  to 
his  friends.  The  state  was  grateful  towards  so  great  valour.  Much 
land  was  given  to  him,  and  his  statue  was  placed  in  the  city, 
much  land,  much  of  land. 

Exercise  129. 

Porsena  was  besieging  the  city  of  Rome.  Mucins  Scaevola,  a 
brave  man,  went  to  the  senate  and  said,  *  I  wiU  go  to  the  camp  of  the 
enemy  and  kill  their  king.'  Permission  having  been  given,  he  went  to 
the  camp  of  Porsena.  There  he  stood,  in  a  great  crowd,  near  the 
king.  Pay  was  then  being  given  to  the  soldiers,  and  a  clerk  in  a 
splendid  dress  was  sitting  there.  Mucius  being  deceived  by  his  dress 
slew  him  instead  of  the  king.  Being  placed  hcjorc  the  king  he  thrust 
his  right  hand  into  the  fii*e,  saying,  '  Perish,  right  hand ;  thou  didst  not 
perform  thy  duty.'  The  king  being  astonished  liberated  him.  Then 
Mucius  said,  '  0  king,  three  hundred  men  like  me  have  conspired 
against  thee.'  Porsena  terrified  by  these  words  ceased  to  fight  against 
the  Romans,  having  received  hostages. 

before,  coram. 

Exercise  130. 

Porsena  received  Cloelia,  a  noble  virgin,  among  the  hostages.  His 
camp  was  not  far  from  the  bank  of  the  Tiber  ;  therefore  Cloelia,  having 
eluded  the  guards  by  night,  seized  a  horse,  and  swam  across  the  Tiber. 
This  was  told  to  king  Porsena,  and  so  being  angry  he  sent  ambassadors 
to  Rome,  saying,  '  Restore  Cloelia  the  hostage.'  The  Romans  restored 
her.  Then  the  king,  wondering  at  the  valour  of  the  girl,  praised  her, 
and  said,  '  I  will  give  you  part  of  the  hostages.'  The  hostages  having 
been  brought  in,  Cloelia  chose  some  little  girls,  and  returned  with 
them  to  her  country. 

having  eluded  the  guards,  the  yuards  having  been  eluded. 


no  The  Simple  Sentence.  [131-133 


Exercise  131. 

Orpheus  used  to  be  able  to  draw  along  rocks  and  trees  hy  singing. 
His  wife  Eurydice  having  been  killed  by  the  bite  of  a  snake,  he 
descended  to  the  infernal  regions,  wishing  to  bring  her  back.  He  said 
to  Pluto,  '  Restore  to  me,  I  pray,  my  wife  Eurydice.'  Pluto  answered, 
'  I  will  do  so  ;  do  not  look  back  (while)  returning  ;  you  will  at  length 
reach  home,  and  there  you  can  look  at  your  wife.'  But  Orpheus 
(while)  returning  looked  back  at  his  wife  ;  immediately  she  was 
snatched  away. 

by  singing,  gerund. 


Exercise  132. 

Procas,  king  of  the  Albans,  had  two  sons,  Numitor  and  Amulius. 
He  left  the  kingdom  to  Numitor,  for  he  was  the  elder  ;  but  Amulius 
drove  away  his  brother,  and  reigned.  He  determined  to  deprive 
Numitor  of  offspring ;  and  so  he  made  his  daughter,  Rhea  Sylvia, 
priestess  of  Vesta.  She,  however,  gave  birth  to  Romulus  and  Remus, 
Amulius  threw  her  into  chains,  and  cast  the  little  boys,  placed  on  a 
raft,  into  the  Tiber.  The  stream  subsiding  left  them  on  dry  ground. 
They  relate  this  story  about  the  boys.  A  she-wolf,  hearing  them  cry- 
ing, ran  up  and  licked  them  with  her  tongue,  and  discharged  the  duty 
of  a  mother  towards  them. 

Procas  had,  to  Procas  were,     of  offspring,  ablative. 


Exercise  133. 

The  wolf  used  often  to  come  to  the  boys  as  if  to  her  cubs,  and  so 
Faustulus,  the  king's  shepherd,  perceiving  this,  took  them  to  his 
cottage,  and  gave  them  to  Acca  Laurentia,  his  wife,  to  be  brought  up. 
The  boys,  growing  up  among  the  shepherds,  increased  their  strength  by 
games,  and  then  began  to  roam  over  the  valleys  and  mountains,  hunt- 
ing wild  beasts,  and  afterwards  to  drive  away  robbers  from  the  herds. 
Therefore  the  robbers  lay  in  wait  for  them.  Remus  was  taken  ;  but 
Romulus  defended  himself.  Then  Faustulus  said  to  Romulus, 
*  Numitor  is  your  grandfather,  Rhea  Silvia  your  mother.'  Romulus  at 
once  armed  the  shepherds  and  hastened  to  Alba. 

to  be  brought  up,  gemndive. 


134-136]  Exercises.  Ill 


Exercise  134. 

Meanwhile  the  robbers  brought  Remus  to  king  Amulius,  and 
accused  him  with  these  words,  'This  youth,  0  king,  plunders  the 
herds  of  Numitor.'  Therefore  Remus  was  surrendered  to  Nuniitor 
for  punishment ;  but  Numitor  seeing  the  youth's  face,  nearly  recog- 
nised him.  For  Remus  was  very  like  his  mother,  and  his  age  agreed 
with  the  time  of  their  exposure.  Meanwhile  Romulus  arrived 
suddenly,  liberated  his  brother,  and  restored  Numitor  to  the  throne 
aittr  killing  Amulius. 

for,  ad.     after  killing  Amulius,  Amulius  having  been  hilled. 


Exercise  135. 

Then  Romulus  and  Remus  founded  a  city  in  the  place  of  their 
exposure.  But  soon  a  quarrel  arose  between  them.  For  they  said, 
'  Whether  of  the  two  shall  give  a  name  to  the  new  city,  and  be  king  ? ' 
so  they  used  augury.  Romulus  first  saw  six  vultures,  afterwards  Remus 
saw  twelve.  So  Romulus  called  the  city  Rome.  He  wished  to  rule  it 
by  laws,  so  he  said,  *  Let  no  one  cross  the  rampart.'  Remus,  laughing, 
leaped  over  it.  Romulus  being  enraged  slew  him,  saying  these  words, 
*  Evei-y  one  attempting  this  shall  thus  perish  :  my  walls  are  not  to  be 
crossed.'    So  Romulus  alone  got  possession  of  the  throne. 

let  no  one,  he  quis.     every  one,  all.     to  be  crossed,  gerundive* 


Exercise  136. 

Romulus  had  made  rather  the  outline  of  a  city  than  a  city, — in- 
habitants were  wanting.  There  was  a  wood  near ;  this  he  made  a 
refuge.  Thither  immediately  a  number  of  robbers  and  shepherds 
betook  themselves.  He  and  his  people  had  no  wives.  So  he  sent 
ambassadors  to  the  neighbouring  peoples,  saying,  'Give  us  wives.' 
The  ambassadors  were  nowhere  well  received  ;  jests  also  were  added — 
'  Why  don't  you  also  open  a  refuge  for  women  ?  Such  women  would 
be  a  fit  alliance  for  you.'  Romulus  dissembling  his  anger  prepared 
games.  Many  of  the  neighbouring  people  came  from  the  desire 
of  seeing  the  new  city,  and  especially  the  Sabines  with  their  children 
and  wives.  Suddenly,  a  signal  having  been  given,  the  girls  were 
carried  off.     This  at  once  was  the  cause  of  war. 

from,  propter,     of  seeing,  gerundive. 


112  The  Simple  Sentence.  [i3M39 


Exercise  137. 

The  Sabines  took  up  arms  against  the  Romans  on  account  of  the 
carried-ofF  girls.  They  found  a  girl,  Tarpeia  by  name.  She  had  left 
the  city  jor  the  sake  of  drawing  water.  Her  father  ivas  in  cmnmand  of 
the  Roman  citadel.  Titus  Tatius,  the  leader  of  the  Sabines,  offered 
the  girl  her  choice  of  reward,  saying,  '  Lead  my  army  into  the  citadel.' 
She  asked  the  Sabines  for  the  ornaments  of  their  left  hands,  that  is 
(to  say),  their  rings  and  bracelets.  These  having  been  promised, 
Tarpeia  led  the  Sabines  into  the  citadel ;  then  Tatius  said  to  his 
soldiers,  '  Throw  your  shields  on  her,'  for  they  had  their  shields  also 
in  their  left  hands.  Thus  her  wicked  treachery  was  visited  by  a 
prompt  punishment. 

for  the  sake,  caussa.     was  in  command  of,  commanded. 


Exercise  138. 

Romulus  marched  against  Tatius,  and  fought  with  his  army.  At 
the  first  charge,  a  distinguished  man  among  the  Romans,  Hostilius  by 
name,  fell  fighting  most  bravely.  The  Romans,  terrified  by  his  death, 
began  to  fly.  Already  the  Sabines  began  to  shout, '  We  have  con- 
quered our  treacherous  hosts,  our  unwarlike  enemies.  It  is  one  thing 
to  carry  off  girls,  another  to  fight  with  men.'  Then  Romulus  raising 
his  arms  to  heaven  vowed  a  temple  to  Jupiter  ;  and  his  army,  either 
by  chance  or  by  the  help  of  the  god,  halted.  And  so  the  battle  was 
renewed,  but  the  carried-off  women,  with  dishevelled  hair,  dared  to 
come  between  the  flying  darts,  and,  imploring  at  one  tifne  their  fathers, 
at  another  their  husbands,  brought  about  peace, 
one  thing — another,  aliud — aliud.    at  one  time — at  another,  7i2tnc — 7iiinc. 

Exercise  139. 

Romulus  made  peace  with  the  Sabines,  and  received  them  into  the 
city.  He  chose  out  of  the  older  men  one  hundred  counsellors.  These 
on  account  of  their  old  age  were  called  the  Senate.  He  appointed 
three  centuries  of  horsemen  ;  he  distributed  the  people  into  thirty 
curiae.  These  things  having  been  thus  appointed,  he  was  07ie  day 
reviewing  his  army,  near  the  Goat's  pool.  Suddenly  there  arose  a 
storm  with  loud  thunder,  and  Romulus  was  carried  off  out  of  sight. 
A  nobleman,  Proculus  by  name,  said,  and  affirmed  with  an  oath,  '  I 
have  seen  Romulus  and  talked  with  him.'  He  said,  *  Let  the  Romans 
refrain  from  dissension  and  ivorship  virtue.'  So  Romulus  was 
worshipped  as  a  god,  and  called  Quirinus. 

one  day,  oUm.     refrain,  worship, /M^wre  imperat. 


140-142]  Exercises.  113 


Exercise  140. 

In  the  reign  of  Tullus  Hostilius  war  broke  out  between  the  Romans 
and  the  Albans.  It  seemed  good  to  Hostilius,  the  king  of  the  Romans, 
and  Fufletius,  the  general  of  the  Albans,  to  intrust  the  destinies  of 
either  people  to  the  hands  of  a  few  chosen  men.  There  were  three 
brothers  among  the  Romans,  by  name  Horatii,  and  also  three  brothers 
among  the  Albans,  Curiatii  by  name.  The  kings  said  to  them,  '  Are 
you  willing  to  fight  for  your  country  1 '  '  We  are  willing,'  answered 
they.  Then  said  the  kings,  *  The  conquerors  in  this  combat  shall  give 
victory  and  rule  to  their  own  country.'  So  the  brothers  take  their 
arms,  and  advance  into  the  middle  between  the  two  axmies.  The  two 
armies  sat  down  on  either  side. 

In  the  reign  of  Tullus  Hostilius,  TuUm  Hostilius  reigning, 
either,  iiterque. 


Exercise  141. 

The  signal  is  given.  The  youths  rush  together  with  drawn  swords. 
Soon  two  Romans  fell  dying,  one  over  the  other — the  three  Albans 
were  wounded.  The  Alban  armies  shouted  with  joy  at  the  misfortune 
of  the  Horatii.  Hope  was  already  abandoning  the  Romans.  The 
three  Curiatii  had  surrounded  the  remaining  Horatius.  He,  though 
untouched,  pretended  flight.  At  length,  looking  back  he  saw  one  of 
the  Curiatii  near.  He  returns  against  him  with  a  fierce  rush  and  slays 
him.  Then  he  slays  the  second.  Now  one  on  each  side  remained, 
but  the  body  of  one  was  untouched  by  the  sword,  and  his  courage 
increased  by  his  success.  The  other  was  weaiy  from  running  and 
from  his  wounds.  The  Roman  kills  him,  holding  his  arms  with 
difficulty,  and  spoils  him  as  he  lies. 

at,  ad.     from  running,  gerund,     as  he  lies,  lying. 


Exercise  142. 

The  Romans  triumphing  escort  Horatius  home.  First  marched 
Horatius  bearing  before  him  the  spoils  of  the  three  brothers.  His 
sister  met  him.  She  had  been  betrothed  to  one  of  the  Curiatii,  and 
seeing  his  cloak  on  her  brother's  shoulders,  she  began  to  weep  and 
tear  her  hair.  The  fierce  youth  was  enraged  on  account  of  the  tears 
of  his  sister,  and  so,  drawing  his  sword  he.  ran  her  through,  upbraiding 
her  with  these  words,  '  Be  off  from  hence  to  your  lover,  forgetful  of 
your  brothers,  forgetful  of  your  country  !  Roman  women  mourning 
a  foe  shall  perish  thus.' 

he  ran  her  through,  pierced  her.     be  ofi",  go  away. 

B.LIV.  JJ 


114  The  Simple  Sentence.  [143-145 


Exercise  143. 

This  seemed  a  horrible  deed  to  the  senators  and  the  people  ;  and  so 
Horatius  was  condemned  to  death  before  the  judges.  Then  Horatius 
aj)pealed  to  the  people.  Meanwhile  the  father  of  Horatius  Izc/pi 
exclainmirj,  '  My  daughter  was  rightly  slain  :  look  at  the  spoils  of  the 
Curiatii,  do  not  deprive  me  of  the  last  of  my  children.'  The  people 
could  not  endure  the  father's  tears,  and  liberated  the  youth,  more  from 
admiration  of  his  valour  than  from  the  right  of  his  cause.  However, 
the  father  resolved  to  expiate  the  crime  ;  and  so  he  sent  his  son  under 
a  yoke,  after  completing  some  sacrifices.  Noiv  to  go  under  the  yoke 
was  a  sign  of  disgrace. 

kept  exclaiming,  imperfect,     after  completing  some  sacrifices,  some 
sacrifices  having  been  completed.     Now,  autera  [second 
word  in  the  sentence). 

Exercise  144. 

Peace  did  not  last  long,  for  Fuffetius  roused  the  Veientes  against 
the  Romans.  TuUus  Hostilius  drew  up  his  forces.  They  fought  for 
a  long  time.  Fuffetius  being  summoned  by  TuUus  to  his  assistance 
drew  off  his  forces  to  a  neighbouring  hill.  Tnllus  seeing  this  exclaimed 
with  a  loud  voice,  *  Fuffetius  is  doing  this  by  my  order  ;  he  will  sur- 
round the  enemy.'  The  Veientes  hearing  this  were  terrified  and 
easily  conquered.  Next  day  Fuffetius  came  to  the  Koman  camp. 
TuUus  exclaimed  with  a  loud  voice,  *  Seize  the  traitor  ;  bind  him  to 
two  four-horsed  chariots,  and  tear  him  asunder.'  This  was  at  once 
done.  Then  Tullus  destroyed  Alba  on  account  of  the  treachery  of  its 
general,  and  took  the  Albans  with  him  to  Eome. 

last,  remain,     to  his  assistance,  for  an  assistance  {dat.). 

Exercise  145. 

Tarquinius  the  Proud  had  been  made  king  at  Rome.  For  a  long 
time  he  fought  with  the  neighbouring  nations.  He  took  the  city  of 
G-abii  by  the  treachery  of  his  son  Sextus.  Sextus  went  to  Gabii  com- 
plaining of  his  father's  cruelty  towards  him.  He  was  kindly  received 
by  the  citizens,  and  soon  was  chosen  their  leader.  Then  he  sent  a 
messenger  to  his  father,  asking,  What  must  I  do  ?  His  father  did 
not  answer  the  messenger,  but  went  into  the  garden,  and  (while) 
walking  there,  followed  by  the  messenger,  kept  cutting  down  the  heads 
of  the  tallest  poppies  with  his  stick.  At  last  the  messenger  being 
weary  returned  to  Gabii.  Sextus  understood  the  matter  at  once.  He 
slew  the  chief  men  of  the  state,  and  surrendered  the  city  to  his  father 
without  nnj  fighting. 

wliat  must  I  do  ?  loltat  does  it  behove  me  to  do  ?    followed  by  the 
messenger,  the  messenger  following,     fighting,  battle. 


146-140]  Exercises.  115 


Exercise  146. 

A  certain  funny  fellow  was  once  travelling  through  France.  On 
the  road  he  was  seized  with  a  severe  illness,  nor  could  he  obtain  the 
assistance  of  a  skilful  doctor.  One  of  his  friends  said  to  him,  'A 
skilled  doctor  lives  not  far  off ;  shall  I  send  for  him  1'  The  sick 
man  replied,  '  He  is  too  great  a  man  for  me  ;  send  for  the  doctor  of 
the  village  ;  perhaps  he  will  not  dare  to  kill  me.' 
too,  nlmis. 

Exercise  147. 

A  certain  celebrated  senator  was  walking  through  a  village.  On 
the  road  he  saw  a  fellow  beating  an  ass.  *  At  wliat  price  will  ^ou  sell 
your  ass?'  asked  he  0/  the  man.  *J  am  willing  to  sell  it  for  a 
hundred  pence,'  replied  the  other.  *  I  give  you  the  money,'  said  the 
senator.  Then  the  money  having  been  paid,  he  said  to  the  peasant, 
*  Why  do  you  dare  to  beat  my  ass,  you  rascal?'  With  these  ivords 
he  began  to  beat  the  peasant  with  his  stick,  and  drove  him  from  the 
place,  uttering  loud  lamentations.  The  peasant  used  afterwards  to 
say,  *  Seeing  an  ass  I  always  remember  that  senator.' 

what,  quantus.     of,  ex.     I  am  willing,  /  loish. 

with  these  words,  having  spoken  these  {words). 

Exercise  148. 

Three  robbers  attacked  a  Scotch  traveller  on  the  road.  ETe  de- 
fended himself  bravely  for  a  long  time,  but  was  at  last  conquered  and 
bound.  The  robbei-s  then  said,  '  This  man  has  defended  himself  very 
bravely  ;  there  is  much  money  in  his  purse.'  But  Jiaving  examined 
the  purse  they  only  found  one  penny.  The  Scotchman  had  defended 
this  penny  at  the  risk  of  his  life.  The  astonished  i-obbers  said,  '  He 
has  only  one  penny  ;  having  tenpence  he  would  have  hilled  us  all.' 

having  examined,  having  been  examined,     at,  cum, 
he  would  have  killed,  jduperf. -conjunctive. 

Exercise  149. 

Two  soldiers,  o)u  an  Irishman,  the  other  a  Scotchman,  were  walking 
along  the  street  in  a  oei-tain  town.  They  saw  a  pretty  girl  working 
with  her  needle  in  a  shop.  The  Irishman  wishing  to  behold  the  face 
of  the  girl  again,  said  to  his  companion,  '  Let  us  go  into  the  shop  and 
buy  something.'  The  Scotchman  replied,  *  Do  not  waste  your  money ; 
let  us  rather  go  into  the  shop  and  ask  for  the  change  of  a  penny.' 
one,  tlie  one. 


116  The  Simple  Sentence.  [iso 


Exercise  150. 

A  nobleman  once  met  a  schoolmaster  on  the  road.  He  asked  him, 
*  Who  are  you,  and  how  do  you  support  yourself  'V  The  schoolmaster 
replied,  'I  am  the  master  of  this  town.'  The  nobleman  being  as- 
tonished again  asked  him,  '  How  are  you  the  master  of  this  town  V 
The  other  replied,  *  I  am  the  master  of  the  boys  ;  the  boys  are  masters 
of  their  mothers  ;  the  mothers  rule  the  fathers  ;  therefore  I  am  master 
of  the  whole  town.'  The  nobleman  being  greatly  pleased  with  this 
wise  answer  said  to  the  schoolmaster,  *  I  have  never  met  a  wiser  man 


than  you.' 


Distinguish  carefully  between  magister,  a  (school)  master,  and 
dominus,  a  master. 


X'-A 


i/rp^ 


^,jU^ 


THE  COMPOUND  SENTENCE. 


(a.)  The  Compound  Sentence  consists  of  a  Principal  Sentence 
with  Dependent  Clauses. 

{h.)  Dependent  Clauses  are  called  Substantival,  Adjectival,  or 
Adverbial,  according  as  they  take  the  place  of  a  Sub- 
stantive, Adjective,  or  Adverb. 

ADJECTIVAL  CLAUSES. 

Verb  in  the  Indicative  with  Eelative  words : 

Ex.  Caesar,  qui  Gallos  vicit,  dux  fortissimus  erat. 

Caesar,  who  conquered  the  Gauls,  was  a  very  brave  general. 

The  Adjectival  clause,  qui  Gallos  vicit^  takes  the  place  of  an 
adjective,  describing  Caesar. 

Rule  for  the  agreenient  of  the  Relative. — The  Eelative  agrees 
with  the  Substantive  it  describes  in  Number,  Gender,  and 
Person ;  in  Case  it  agrees  with  its  own  clause. 

If  since,  although,  in  order  that,  such  tluit,  is  understood  in 
the  Eelative,  the  Verb  will  be  in  the  Subjunctive. 

Ex.  Legates  mi  sit,  qui  pacem  peterent. 

He  sent  ambassadors  who  (  =  in  order  that  they)  should  ask  for  peace. 

Exercise  151. 

Once  (when)  travelling  through  Germany  I  saw  a  very  wonderful 
thing  in  an  inn.  After  supper  the  landlord  placed  on  the  floor  a 
large  dish  of  soup.  Then  with  a  loud  voice  he  summoned  a  dog,  a  cat,  J 
an  old  raven,  and  a  very  large  rat,  who  had  a  bell  hung  from  its  neck 
These  four  animals  approached  the  dish  and  devoured  the  soup  ivhich 
icas  in  the  dish,  nor  did  they  disturb  each  other.  Then  the  dog,  the 
cat,  and  the  rat,  lay  before  the  fire,  but  the  raven  walked  about  the 
room. 

who  had  a  bell  hung  from  its  neck,  adjectival  clause  qualifying  tlie 

word  'rat.'    which  was  in  the  dish,  adjectival  clause 

qualifying  *  soup.'    about,  per, 

117 


118  Adjectival  Clauses.  [152-155 


Exercise  152. 

A  bone  had  stuck  in  the  throat  of  a  wolf.  Therefore  he  hired  a 
crane  with  a  reward,  wlio^  having  inserted  his  heak  into  the  throat, 
pulled  out  the  hone,  which  he  was  easily  able  to  do  hj  the  length  of  liis 
neck.  Then  he  asked  for  his  reward.  The  wolf,  for  whom  he  had  done 
so  great  a  service,  replied,  '  You  have  extracted  your  head  safe  from 
my  jaws  :  is  not  that  enough  reward  for  you  V 

who  pulled  out  the  bone,  adjectival  clause  qualify mg  *  crane.* 
ha^dng  inserted  his  beak,  his  heak  having  heen  inserted. 
by,  on  accoiint  of.     enough  reward,  enouyh  of  reward. 

Exercise  153. 

King  Porus,  in  a  battle  against  Alexander,  king  of  Macedon,  being 
severely  wounded,  fell  from  the  back  of  his  elephant.  The  enemies, 
who  had  seen  his  fall,  advanced,  for  they  desired  to  deprive  him  of  his 
rich  clothing  and  arms  ;  but  the  faithful  elephant  standing  over  the 
body  of  his  master  bravely  repelled  all  who  dared  to  approach,  and 
taking  up  Porus  with  his  trunk,  placed  him  again  on  his  back.  At 
length  the  soldiers  of  Ponis  came  up  and  the  king  was  saved  :  but  the 
elephant  died  of  the  wounds  which  he  had  received. 

of  the  wounds,  ahl.  of  cause. 

Exercise  154. 

A  certain  peasant,  who  was  lying  in  his  bed,  sent  his  daughter  into 
the  garden,  saying,  '  Look  at  the  sun-dial.'  The  girl  soon  returned. 
Her  father  said,  ^  What  d  clock  is  it?'  She  said,  *  I  don't  know.' 
The  peasant  sent  her  again.  The  girl,  who  was  ignorant  of  numbers, 
took  the  sun-dial,  and  brought  it  to  her  father,  saying,  '  Behold  !  see 
(for)  yourself.' 

what  o'clock  is  it  ?  ivhat  [quotus)  hour  is  it  ? 

Exercise  155. 

In  India  they  hunt  tigers  in  this  way  :  A  large  number  of  men  are 
sent  armed  with  sticks.  These  beat  the  bushes,  in  which  the  tiger  is 
thought  to  be  hid,  uttering  loud  cries.  Meanwhile  the  hunters  lie  in 
ambush  ;  the  tiger  hearing  the  noise  runs  away,  and  is  received  by  the 
hunters,  who  kill  it  with  their  weapons.  Sometimes  the  hunters  ride 
on  elephants,  which  advance  through  the  bushes.  Sometimes  the 
hunters  lie  in  ambush  near  the  ctircass  of  an  ox  which  has  been  killed 
by  the  tiger. 

hearing  the  noise,  tlte  noi.^e  /laving  h<en  heard. 


156-158]  Exercises.  119 


Exercise  156. 

In  Ireland  are  found  the  snij^  and  the  woodcock.  These  by  night 
feed  on  small  wonns  in  the  marshes,  but  by  day  lie  hid  in  the  grass 
and  among  bushes.  The  fowler  pursues  them  Avith  dogs,  who  per- 
ceive them  by  their  smell.  The  dogs,  being  well  taught,  stand  still. 
The  fowler  then  approaches.  (On)  perceiving  his  approach  the  birds  tly 
away,  but  are  often  struck  doAvn  l)y  the  weapons  of  the  fowler,  who  at 
once  sends  on  a  dog  to  bring  them  to  him  in  his  mouth.     In  tliis  way 

great  number  of  these  birds  is  often  t.aken. 

to  bring  them,  who  may  bring  them  (s/z/y. ). 


Exercise  157. 

The  Gauls  were  once  besieging  Rome.  They  determined  to  attack 
the  citadel.  They  first  sent  a  soldier,  who  should  seek  a  path.  Then 
by  night,  dragging  each  other  (up),  they  arrived  at  the  toj)  of  the  hill  on 
which  the  citadel  stood.  Not  even  the  dogs  heard  their  approach. 
Geese,  birds  sacred  to  Juno,  from  which  the  Romans  had  abstained  in  y 
their  great  want  of  provisions,  were  kept  in  the  citadel.  The  Gauls 
did  not  escape  the  notice  of  the  geese.  Manlius,  a  brave  soldier, 
roused  by  the  cries  of  the  geese,  and  the  flapping  of  their  wings,  sum- 
moning the  rest  of  the  soldiers,  hurled  down  the  ascending  Gauls. 

each  other,  alius — allum.    the  top  of  the  hill,  the  highest  hill,    the  dogs, 
put  '  dogs,'  which  is  the  emphatic  ivord,  between  ne  and  quidem, 


Exercise  158. 

Lysimachus  was  one  of  Alexander's  generals  ;  a  man  of  noble  birth, 
but  by  far  more  distinguished  by  virtue  than  by  race.  Once  upon  a 
time  Alexander  mutilated  Callisthenes,  a  pliilosopher,  in  all  his  limbs, 
and  besides  shut  him  up  \vith  a  dog  in  a  cage,  Lysimachus,  who  liad 
])een  wont  to  listen  to  the  philosopher,  and  receive  from  his  mouth  the 
precepts  of  virtue  and  wisdom,  gave  him  poison  as  a  remedy /or  his 
misfortunes.  Alexander  took  this  very  ill,  and  said  to  his  soldiers, 
'  Expose  Lysimachus  to  a  lion.'  The  lion  rushed  at  Lysimachus,  who 
thrust  his  hand,  wrapped  in  a  cloth,  into  its  mouth,  and  slew  the  beast 
by  tearing  out  its  tongue.  This  having  been  told  to  the  king, 
astonishment  succeeded  anger,  and  he  held  Lysimachus  dearer  than 
before  on  account  of  his  courage. 

to  listen  to,  to  hear,     for,  of.     took  this  very  ill,  bore  this  very  ill. 
by  tearing  out  its  tongue,  its  tongue  having  been  torn  out. 


120  Adjectival  Clauses.  [159-162 

Exercise  159. 
There  is  in  Egypt  an  animal  wifh  a  small  body  and  long  head, 
which  is  called  the  ichneumon.  It  kills  and  eats  snakes.  (When) 
wounded  by  the  bite  of  a  snake,  it  runs  away  into  the  woods.  Soon  it 
returns  unhurt.  It  is  said  to  find  a  plant  whose  juice  keeps  off  the 
poison  of  the  snake.  There  is  a  great  quantity  of  snakes  in  Egypt. 
They  enter  into  any  house  where  there  is  not  an  ichneumon,  and  live 
there.     Men  and  animals  are  often  killed  by  their  bite. 

with  a  small  body,  ahl,  of  quality,     any,  quilihet. 

Exercise  160. 
The  town  of  Platea  in  Boeotia  was  besieged  by  Archidamus,  the 
Spartan  king,  with  a  large  army.  The  inhabitants,  who  fought  very 
bravely,  were  able  to  repel  their  enemies  for  two  years.  Archidamus 
at  length  compelled  them  to  surrender  themselves,  all  the  food  which 
they  had  prepared  being  consumed.  The  inhabitants  were  then  placed 
before  the  judges,  who  questioned  them  as  follows — 'Have  you 
assisted  the  Lacedaemonians  in  this  war?'  They  were  compelled  to 
reply,  ''Not  at  alV  Then  they  were  all  killed  by  the  order  of  the 
cruel  king.  The  town  of  Platea  was  given  to  the  Thebans,  by  whom 
it  was  destroyed. 

as  follow,  thus,     not  at  all,  minime. 

Exercise  161. 
The  frogs  are  said  formerly  to  have  asked  a  king  for  themselves 
from  Jupiter.  Overcome  by  their  prayers,  the  god  threw  down  a  huge 
log  into  the  water.  The  frogs,  who  were  greatly  terrified,  long  re- 
mained quiet ;  but  at  last,  seeing  the  nature  of  the  new  Idng,  they 
begged  for  another ;  but  soon,  a  water-snake  having  been  sent,  who 
killed  very  many,  fkty  repented  of  their  folly.  All  said, '  The  first  king 
whom  we  had  was  better  than  this  one.' 

they  repented,  it  rejjented  them. 

Exercise  162. 
Once  Alexander,  king  of  Macedon,  invaded  Egypt,  which  had  long 
been  subject  to  the  Persians.  He  remained  there  a  long  time,  and 
founded  the  city  of  Alexandria,  which  to  this  day  bears  his  name.  He 
said, '  This  city  which  I  have  founded  shall  be  the  capital  of  my  empire.' 
Elated  Avith  success,  he  now  laid  claim  to  divine  honours.  Among 
the  very  priests  were  found  base  persons  who  flattered  him,  and  said, 
'  Thou  art  the  son  of  Jupiter  Ammon.'  He  marched  to  the  temple  of 
this  god,  which  was  distant  a  journey  of  seven  days  from  Alexandria, 
but  many  of  his  soldiers  were  killed  by  fatigue  and  thirst  on  the 
road. 

laid  claim  to,  claimed,     very,  ipfte. 


163-165]  Exercises.  121 


Exercise  163. 

The  birds  were  waging  war  with  the  quadrupeds,  and  the  fortune  of 
war  for  a  long  time  was  doubtful,  at  one  time  the  former,  at  another  time 
the  latter  carrying  off  the  victory.  The  bat,  who  preferred  safety  to  / 
honour,  used  to  betake  himself  to  those  who  had  conquered.  Among 
the  birds  he  used  to  say,  *I  am  a  bird  ;'  among  the  quadrupeds  he 
used  to  say,  '  T  am  a  mouse.'  When  the  birds  and  quadrupeds  had 
made  peace  the  deceit  was  evident  to  both.  Therefore,  being  con- 
demned by  both,  he  escaped,  and  from  that  time  used  only  to  fly  by 
night. 

at  one  time — at  another,  nunc — nunc,     was  evident,  appeared. 


Exercise  164. 

Octavianus  brought  assistance  to  Brutus,  who  was  being  besieged  by 
Antonius  at  Mutina.  He  was  not  able  to  approach  the  city,  for 
Antonius  held  all  the  approaches.  Therefore,  wishing  to  inform 
Brutus  of  everything,  he  at  fii'st  sent  letters  written  on  leaden  plates, 
which  were  carried  by  a  diver  under  the  water  of  the  river  ;  he  after- 
wards used  pigeons  for  this  (purpose),  which  he  used  to  keep  for  a  long 
time  without  food  ;  then  he  used  to  tie  letters  to  their  necks,  and  let 
them  go  from  a  place  near  the  walls.  The  pigeons,  eager  for  food, 
used  to  make  for  the  highest  buildings,  and  were  then  taken  by 
Brutus. 

of,  dp.     for,  ad.     to  make  for,  to  neeh. 


Exei'cise  165. 

Once  there  was  a  man  at  Athens,  by  name  Timon,  who  had  con- 
ceived a  hatred  towards  the  whole  race  of  men.  He  one  day  came 
into  the  assembly,  which  he  was  not  wont  to  do.  Therefore  there  was 
great  expectation  of  all  men.  Then  said  he  from  the  platform,  on  to 
which  he  had  ascended,  '  Athenians,  I  have  a  fig-tree,  from  which 
many  men  have  already  hanged  themselves.  I  am  goiwj  to  build  a 
house  on  the  place  where  it  grows.  Does  any  one  wish  to  hang 
himself  i  Let  him  make  haMe,  the  tree  will  soon  be  cut  down.' 
going  to  build,  about  to  build,     make  liaste,  hasten. 


122  Adjectival  Clauses.  [I66-168 


Exercise  166. 

Socrates  once  met  Xenophon.  Seeing  the  honest  and  modest  coun- 
tenance of  the  youth,  he  stretched  out  his  stick  and  said,  *  Do  not  pass 
on.'  The  youth  stopped.  Socrates  asked  him,  '  Where  are  the  things 
sold  which  are  necessary  for  the  various  requirements  of  men  ? ' 
Xenophon  at  once  answered.  Then  Socrates  asked  him,  '  Where  do 
men  become  honest  and  good  V  The  youth  replied,  *  I  do  not  know.' 
Then  said  Socrates,  'Follow  me,  and  learn.'  From  that  time 
Xenophon  began  to  be  a  hearer  of  Socrates,  and  became  good  and 
honest, 

requirements,  uses. 


Exercise  167. 

A  certain  man  was  cutting  logs  beside  a  river.  By  chance  his  axe 
slipped  from  his  hands  and  fell  into  the  river.  Then  he,  sitting  on  the 
bank,  began  to  lament  his  misfortune,  and  weep  piteously.  But 
Mercurius,  who  had  heard  his  complaints,  having  pitied  the  man, 
brought  to  him  an  axe — not  indeed  that  which  he  had  lost,  but  one 
made  of  gold,  and  said,  '  Is  this  the  axe  which  you  have  lost  ? '  The 
man  said,  '  That  is  not  my  axe.'  Then  Mercurius  brought  another 
made  of  silver  ;  the  woodman,  however,  again  m^xde  the  same  answer. 
Then  at  last  he  brought  one  made  of  iron,  which  the  woodman  joy- 
fully received.  The  god,  being  delighted  with  such  honesty,  gave  all 
the  axes  to  the  man. 

one  made  of  gold,  golden  {adj.). 
made  the  same  answer,  answered  the  same  [thing). 


Exercise  168. 

A  woman  had  a  bird  which  she  used  to  allow  to  come  out  of  its 
cage  daily.  Once  the  bird  was  eating  crumbs  of  bread.  Her  cat,  who 
always  before  had  shown  great  kindness  towards  the  bird,  suddenly 
seized  it,  and  jumped,  holding  it  in  its  mouth,  on  to  a  table.  The 
woman  was  greatly  frightened  on  account  of  this,  but  soon  saw  tlie 
cause  of  the  deed.  Another  cat  had  just  come  into  the  room  tlii'ough 
the  door,  which  was  open.  She  drove  the  stranger  away,  and  her 
own  cat  then  came  down  from  the  table,  and  replaced  the  bird  in 
safety. 

came  down,  descended,     in  safety,  safe. 


169-171]  Exercises.  123 


Exercise  169. 

A  few  years  ajjro  an  elephant  in  India  killed  its  master  with  a  blow 
of  its  trunk.     The  man's  wife,  who  had  seen  this  dreadful  thing,  took 
her  two  children,  and  tlu-ew  them  before  the  feet  of  the  enraged       j 
animal,  saying,  *Thou  hast  slain  my  husband  ;  kill  me  also,  and  my   ,  / 
children.'      The  elephant  at  once  stopped,  and  as  if  moved  with    ^ 
reraoi-se,  took  up  the  eldest  boy  with  its  trunk,  and  placed  him  on  its 
neck.     The  animal,  which  had  killed  its  master,  adopted  the  boy  in 
his  place,  and  never  afterwards  allowed  any  other  person  to  mount  it. 
ago,  anlv.     any,  quisquam  (only  used  with  a  negative). 


Exercise  170. 

A  young  man,  who  wished  to  kill  his  dog,  took  it  with  him  to  a 
river.  He  then  hired  a  boat,  and  began  to  cross  the  river.  After  a 
short  time  he  threw  the  animal  into  the  water.  The  miserable  dog 
attempted  to  climh  up  the  side  of  the  boat,  but  his  master,  who  wished 
to  kill  him,  often  imshecl  him  hack  with  the  oar.  Doing  this  he  fell 
himself  into  the  water,  and  nearly  was  drowned  ;  but  the  dog  seeing 
his  master  struggling  in  the  river,  allowed  the  boat  to  go  away,  and 
held  him  (uj))  above  water.  At  length  some  men  came  in  a  boat,  and 
his  life  was  saved. 

with  him,  seciim  ;  cum  is  written  after  mc,  te,  so,  nobis,  vobis,  quo, 
qua,  quibus.     climb  up,  ascend,     pushed  back,  repelled. 


4- 


Exercise  171. 

A  dog,  who  owed  more  to  the  kindness  of  a  neighbour  than  to  his 
master,  was  once  left  by  accident  in  the  well-stored  pantry  of  his 
benefactor,  where  there  was  a  great  quantity  of  milk,  cheese,  bread, 
(and)  meat.  At  length  the  maid  returned  to  the  pantry,  who  seeing 
the  dog,  feared  punishment  for  her  negligence.  But  the  honest 
animal,  who  loved  his  benefactor,  had  tasted  nothing  ;  but  it  was 
liungiy,  for  it  devoiued  a  bone  which  they  then  gave  him.  All  were 
greatly  astonished  at  the  honesty  of  the  dog,  who  preferred  to  be 
hungry  than  to  eat  the  food  of  his  friend. 

well -stored,  rich,     for,  on  account  of.     astonished  at,  wondered  at. 


124  Adjectival  Clauses.  [i 72-174 


Exercise  172. 

Hannibal,  who  had  been  appointed  general  by  the  Carthaginians, 
came  into  Italy,  afUr  crossing  the  Pyrenees  and  the  Alps.     Three 
Roman    generals  who  were  sent  against  him  were  conquered  with 
great  slaughter.      At  length  Q.  Fabius,  who  had  been  appointed 
/     dictator,  checked  the  attack  of  Hannibal  by  delay.     He  used  to  lead 
^^     his  troops  over  the  hills,  and  never  trusted  any  (thing)  to  fortune.     The 
troops  were  kept  in  camp.     He  used  to  follow  Hannibal  (when)  march- 
ing, and  cut  off  the  stragglers.     Thus  he  conquered  him  in  skirmishes, 
and  the  Romans  began  to  fear  the  enemy  less, 
after  crossing  the  Pyrenees  and  the  Alps,  the  Pyrenees  and  the  Alps 
Jmviny  been  crossed,     any,  quisquam  (only  used  with  negatives). 


Exercise  173. 

Hannibal  was  once  besieging  a  Roman  city.  The  inhabitants  had 
no  food  ;  therefore  a  Roman  general  who  was  not  far  distant  filled 
many  jars  with  corn,  and  threw  them  into  the  river,  which  flowed 
beside  the  city.  He  also  sent  a  messenger  to  say,  '  Take  up  the  jars 
which  the  river  is  bringing  down.'  The  following  night  the  jars  were 
brought  down  by  the  river.  The  corn  was  equally  divided  among  all 
the  inhabitants  ;  the  same  thing  was  done  next  day.  Hannibal, 
having  detected  the  affair,  threw  chains  across  the  river,  and  inter- 
cepted the  jars.  Then  the  Romans  threw  nuts  into  the  river,  which 
were  carried  down  to  the  city,  and  taken  up  by  the  inhabitants  with 
baskets.     By  this  provision  their  want  was  lessened. 

to  say,  who  shoidd  say.     the  affair,  the  thing. 


Exercise  174. 

M.  Regulus,  who  had  been  made  consul,  was  the  first  Roman 
o-eneral  to  cross  over  into  Africa.  He  took  the  city  of  Clypea  and 
many  forts  ;  and  he  fought  not  only  with  men  but  also  with  beasts.  A 
snake  which  lived  near  a  river  attacked  the  Roman  army  ;  it  seized 
many  soldiers  with  its  huge  mouth  ;  it  crushed  others  with  blows  of 
its  tail,  and  slew  some  with  its  pestilential  breath.  Nor  could  it  be 
pierced  by  the  darts  which  the  Romans  used.  At  length  it  was 
destroyed  by  stones,  which  the  Romans  hurled  with  huge  catapults. 
It  infected  the  river  and  the  neighbouring  country  with  its  blood. 
Reg-ulus  was  obliged  to  move  his  camp.  He  sent  its  skin,  which  was 
120  feet  in  length,  to  Rome. 

was  the  first  to  cross  over,  first  crof^sed  over,     in  length,  long. 


175]  Exercises.  125 


Exercise  175. 

A  certain  doctor  who  was  lying  on  his  bed  on  hoard  a  ship  once  saw 
a  wonderful  thing  of  this  kind.  A  rat  appeared,  which  examined  every- 
thing with  the  greatest  care,  and  then  went  away.  Soon  it  returned, 
leading  a  second  rat,  whose  ear  it  was  holding,  and  which  it  left  near 
a  hole.  Then  a  third  rat  also  came.  They  then  collected  crumbs  of 
bread,  which  they  gave  to  the  second  rat,  which  seemed  to  be  blind,  and 
which  remained  in  the  place  where  they  had  left  it.  It  then  devoured 
the  food  which  its  friends  had  brought. 

everything,  omnia,      on  board,  in. 


# 


^i^-^ 

"k 


ADVERBIAL  CLAUSES. 


Adverbial  Clauses  take  the  place  of  Adverbs ;  that  is  to  say, 
they  show  wlien^  why,  or  how  a  thing  is  done. 

They  are  introduced  by  Conjunctions. 

{a.)  Some  of  these  require  the  Subjunctive ;  as,  ut  {thai), 
quin,  ne,  quo  (=ut  when  there  is  a  comparative  in  the 
sentence),  quominus  {hy  which  the  less),  quum  (since), 
dum  (provided  that),  licet,  quamvis,  ut  (although), 
tanquam,  velut,  ceu,  quasi  (as  if). 

(b.)  All  others  usually  require  the  IndicatiA^e. 

The  following  require  the  Subjunctive,  if  the  action  is  not 
completed : — 

Bum,  donee,  quoad  (until) ;  antequam,  priusquam,  si,  nisi,  etsi,  etiamsi. 

Ex.  Hoc  faciam  priusquam  hue  veniani. 
/  shall  do  this  hefoi'e  I  come  hither. 

Quum  ('when)  takes  the  Subjunctive  of  the  Imperfect  and 
Pluperfect  tenses ;  the  Indicative  of  the  other  tenses. 

(c.)  The  following  Conjunctions  do  not  introduce  Adverbial 
Clauses  ;  they  merely  join  words  or  sentences  with- 
out influencing  Mood : 

et,  que,  ac,  atque,  aut,  vel,  ve,  sed,  autem,  nam,  enim. 


SEQUENCE  OF  TENSES. 

In  Dependent  Clauses,  the   Tense  of  the  Subjunctive  is 
regulated  by  the  Tense  of  the  Verb  on  which  it  depends. 


176-177) 


Exercises. 


127 


Rule. — Primary  Tenses  are  followed  by  Primary, 
Historic  Tenses  are  followed  by  Historic. 
So— 

Primary 


Present 
Perfect 
Future 


i  Imperfect 
Aorist 
Pluperfect 

Ex. 


are  followed  by 


are  followed  by 


Present  (of  same  time). 
Perfect  (of  time  before). 


Imperfect  (of  same  time). 
Pluperfect  (of  time  before). 


Venio  ut  te  videam,  /  come  to  see  you. 
Veni  ut  te  viderem,  /  came  to  see  you. 

As  there  is  no  Future  Subjunctive  in  Latin,  the  want  of  it 
is  supplied  by  the  Future  Participle  of  the  Verb  conjugated 
with 

Sim      after  Primary  Tenses. 

Essem  after  Historic  Tenses. 


Exercise  176. 

There  were  once  two  very  celebrated  painters,  one  of  whom  was 
called  Zeuxis,  the  other  Parrhasius.  Zeuxis  had  painted  grapes,  and 
had  so  imitated  nature  that  birds  fieiv  to  the  incture^  as  if  the  grapes 
were  real.  Then  Parrhasius  brought  a  picture  on  which  he  had 
painted  a  cloth.  Since  Parrhasius  seemed  to  delay,  Zeuxis  being 
deceived  said,  'Take  away  the  cloth,  that  I  may  see  the  picture.' 
Then  when  he  understood  his  mistake,  he  confeiTcd  the  prize  on  Par- 
rhasius, saying,  '  I  have  deceived  birds  :  thou  hast  deceived  me.' 

that  birds  flew  to  the  picture,  adverbial  clause  introduced  by  *  ut,^ 
sliovnmj  how  the  grapes  ivere  imitatal.   Ut=that,  always  takes  the  subj. 

as  if  the  grapes  were  real,  adverbial  clause  introduced  by  '  tanquavi,* 
showimj  how  the  birds  Jleiv  to  the  picture. 

since,  quum  =  aince^  takes  the  svbj.    on,  in  (c.  ace. ). 

Exercise  177. 

A  certain  poor  slave  is  said  to  have  dared  a  glorious  deed  in  order 
to  S'trchis  master,  whom  he  loved  greatly.  When  his  master,  whose 
name  was  Urbinius,  had  been  proscribed,  and  was  being  sought  by 
the  soldiers,  who  had  arrived  at  the  house  where  Urbinius  was  hid- 
ing, the  slave  took  his  master's  dress  and  ring,  and  sent  him  away 
secretly.  He  then  betook  himself  to  his  master's  bedchamber,  and 
allowed  himself  to  be  slain  instead  of  his  master. 

in  order  to  save,  in  order  that  he  might  save. 
was  hiding,  icas  lying  hid. 


128  Adverbial  Clauses.  [178-180 


Exercise  178. 

Curius,    afUr  triumphing   over  the   Samnites,  the   Sabines,  and 

/        Pyrrhus,  spent  the  last  days  of  his  life  in  rastic  labours.     When  the 

Samnites  had  brought  a  great  weight  of  gold  to  him  sitting  near  the 

hearth,  they  were  dismissed  by  him,  for,  he  said,  '  I  do  not  think  it 

glorious  to  have  gold,  but  to  command  those  who  have  gold.' 

after  triumphing  over,  when  he  had  triumphed  over  {de). 


Exercise  179. 

In  Africa  there  is  a  race  of  men  who  pursue  elephants  with  won- 
derful skill.  They  hunt  in  the  following  way.  One  of  them  mounts 
a  swift  horse,  and  when  he  has  found  an  elephant  provokes  it  to 
combat  hy  riding  near  it  and  shaking  his  spear.  Then  the  elephant 
pursues  him,  uttering  terrible  screams.  Then  another  hunter  lying  hid 
in  the  long  grass  wounds  the  leg  of  the  elephant  with  a  sharp  sword 
The  elephant  can  no  longer  pursue  the  enemy,  and  is  easily  despatched 
by  darts.  When  they  have  killed  the  elephant  they  extract  its  teeth, 
which  consist  of  ivory.  These  they  sell  to  the  merchants,  and  feed 
on  the  flesh  themselves. 

following  way,  this  way.     by  riding,  genuid.     of,  ex. 


Exercise  180. 

Scipio,  while  still  a  youth,  saved  his  father  by  his  great  courage.  For 
when  he  had  been  severely  wounded  in  a  battle  (fought)  against  Han- 
nibal, and  was  almost  in  the  hands  of  the  enemy,  his  son  opposed 
himself  to  the  advancing  Carthaginians,  and  saved  his  father  from 
danger.  This  dutiful  deed  won  the  favour  of  the  people  for  Scipio 
when  a  carulidate  for  the  aedileship.  When  the  tribunes  of  the  people 
said,  '  The  youth  has  not  yet  reached  the  lawful  age,'  Scipio  replied, 
*  If  the  Romans  wish  to  make  me  aedile,  I  am  old  enough.''  He  was 
received  with  so  great  applause  that  the  tribune  desisted  from  their 
attempt. 

when  a  candidate  for,  seeking  [peto). 
I  am  old  enough,  /  have  enough  of  years. 


181-183]  Exercises.  129 


Exercise  i8i. 

Appiiis  Claudius,  a  foolish  and  rash  man,  set  out  as  consul  against 
the  Carthaginians.  He  used  openly  to  blame  the  plans  of  the  former 
generals,  and  say,  *  I  shaU  finish  the  war  as  soon  as  I  have  seen  the 
enemy/  Before  fighting  a  naval  engagement  he  took  the  auspices  ;  y 
and  when  the  keeper  of  the  fowls  had  announced  evil  omens,  saying, 
*  The  fowls  do  not  come  out  of  their  coops  nor  feed,'  Claudius,  laugh- 
ing, said,  '  Throw  them  into  the  sea,  that  they  may  at  any  rate  drink, 
since  they  do  not  wish  to  eat.'  Soon  afterwards  the  Jlomans  were 
defeated  with  great  slaughter — 8000  men  were  slain,  and  20,000  cap- 
tured.    Wherefore  Claudius  was  condemned  by  the  people. 

a  foolish  and  rash  man,  a  man  of  foolish  rashness, 
as  soon  as  I  have  seen,  as  soon  as  I  shall  Jiave  seen. 
before  fighting,  before  Jiefougld  (subj,). 


Exercise  182. 


Kashness  also  ruined  Claudia,  the  sister  of  the  consul  Appius 
Claudius.  For  when  she  was  pressed  by  the  crowd  (while)  leturning 
from  the  public  games,  she  said,  '  Would  that  my  brother  were  alive, 
and  again  in  command  of  a  fleet ! '  This  seemed  to  the  Romans  to  be 
the  same  as  if  she  had  said,  *  Would  that  the  excessive  number  of  the 
citizens  were  diminished  !'  On  account  of  this  wicked  speech  Claudia 
was  also  condemned  to  death, 

were,  conj,  expressing  a  loish,  not  a  fact,    in  command  of,  commanded 
(praesum),    as,  ac.    to  death,  oj  the  head. 


Exercise  183. 

M.  Tullius  Cicero  was  bom  of  knightly  rank  at  Arpinum,  which  is 
a  city  of  the  Volsci.  One  of  his  ancestors  had  a  wart  on  the  end  of 
his  nose  like  to  a  pea  ;  hence  the  surname  of  Cicero  was  given  to  the 
family.  When  some  one  laughed  at  M.  TuUius  on  account  of  this, 
he  replied,  '  I  shall  take  care  that  this  surname  shall  surpass  the 
splendour  of  the  most  noble  names.'  He  excelled  aU  other  youths  of 
that  time  in  learning,  and  became  the  most  eloquent  man  of  the 
Roman  senate.  (When)  consul  he  saved  his  country,  for  he  crushed 
the  conspiracy  which  Sergius  Catilina  had  made. 

on  the  end  of  his  nose,  summo  nafto. 
shall  surpass,  may  surpass. 
B.L.ir.  1 


130  Adverbial  Clauses.  [184-186 


Exercise  184. 

When  Cicero  had  seen  his  son-in-law  Lentulus,  a  man  of  small 
stature,  girt  with  a  long  sword,  he  said,  *  Who  has  tied  my  son-in-laAV 
to  the  sword  ?  A  certain  lady  used  often  to  say,  *  I  am  OTdy  thirty 
years  of  age,''  Cicero  remarked,  *  It  is  true,  for  I  have  been  hearing 
it  thirty  years.'  When  Caesar's  colleague  died  on  the  last  day  of  the 
year  Caninius  was  made  consul  for  the  rest  of  the  day.  When  many 
went  to  salute  him  according  to  custom,  Cicero  remarked,  *  Let  us 
make  haste  before  his  (term  of)  office  expires.'  Cicero  wrote  of  the 
same  man,  *  Caninius  was  a  man  of  wonderful  vigilance,  since  he  did 
not  sleep  once  during  his  consulate.' 

I  am  only  thirty  years  of  age,  /  am  bom  only  thirty  years. 

I  have  Ijeen  hearing,  present  tense. 

for  the  rest  of  the  day,  for  {in)  the  remaining  day  [ace.)* 

office,  magistratus.     of,  concerning. 

Exercise  185. 

M.  Brutus,  descended  from  the  man  who  had  expelled  the  Tarquins 
from  Home,  learned  oratory  at  Rhodes.  He  was  distinguished  on 
account  of  his  virtue.  His  father  had  been  put  to  death  by  the 
order  of  Pompeius  ;  yet  in  the  civil  war  he  followed  Pompeius 
because  his  cause  seemed  the  juster,  and  preferred  the  advantage 
of  the  republic  to  his  own  grief.  When  Pompeius  was  defeated, 
Caesar  pardoned  Brutus,  and  even  made  him  praetor.  Afterward?, 
when  Caesar  seemed  to  despise  the  authority  of  the  city,  and  to  wish 
to  be  king,  the  people  desired  a  champion  of  liberty.  Some  one  wrote 
under  the  statue  of  the  first  Brutus,  '  Would  that  you  were  alive ! ' 
Also  under  the  statue  of  Caesar  was  written,  '  Brutus  was  made  the 
first  consul  because  he  expelled  the  kings  ;  this  man  was  made  king 
because  he  expelled  the  consuls.'  There  was  also  written  on  the 
tribunal  of  M.  Brutus,  '  Thou  sleepest,  0  Brutus.' 
were,  con^. 

Exercise  i86. 

When  Caesar  had  been  slain,  Antonius,  showing  his  blood-stained 
gannent,  -excited  the  people  against  the  conspirators.  Therefore 
Brutus  retired  to  Macedonia,  and  there  fought  near  the  town  of 
Philippi  against  Antonius  and  Octavianus.  Being  defeated,  he  said 
to  one  of  his  companions,  *  Slay  me  with  your  sword,  lest  I  fall  into 
the  hands  of  the  enemy.'  Antonius  seeing  the  body  of  Brutus,  threw 
over  it  his  purple  cloak.  Octavianus,  on  the  contrary,  said  to  his 
soldiers,  '  Cut  off  the  head  of  Brutus  and  bring  it  to  Eome,  that  it  may 
be  placed  under  the  statue  of  Caesar.' 

retired,  betook  himself. 


187-182]  Exercises.  131 


Exercise  187. 

Demosthenes  wonderfully  assisted  a  woman,  who  had  received  a  sum 
of  money  from  two  men,  on  condition  that  she  should  give  it  up  to 
both  at  the  same  time.  After  some  time,  one  of  the  two  came  dressed 
in  mourning,  and  deceived  her,  saying,  *  My  friend  is  dead.'  So  she 
gave  him  all  the  money.  Then  the  other  came  and  began  to  ask  for 
the  money.  The  unhappy  woman  hesitated  from  want  of  money  or 
excuse,  and  was  already  thinking  of  hanging.  But  Demosthenes  came 
to  them  and  said,  '  The  woman  is  ready  to  pay  the  money,  but  cannot 
do  so  unless  you  bring  your  partner,  since  the  money  must  be  paid  to 
both  at  the  same  time. 

on  condition,  on  that  {is)  coiuUtion.     mourning,  darh  (pullus)  dress. 
of,  de.     must  be  paid,  is  to  he  paid  {yerundive). 

Exercise  188. 

A  quarrel  had  arisen  among  the  sons  of  a  certain  peasant.  For  a 
long  time  their  father  exhorted  them  in  vain,  saying, '  Be  agreed.'  At 
length  he  said  to  his  sons, '  Bring  me  fifty  sticks  and  sit  down.'  Then 
he  bound  together  all  the  sticks  into  one  bundle  and  gave  them  to 
his  sons,  in  order  that  they  should  break  them.  But  they,  though 
they  used  all  their  strength,  laboured  in  vain,  nor  were  they  able  to 
break  them.  Then  the  father  cut  the  knot,  and  gave  them  the  sticks 
one  by  one,  which  they  broke  easily.  When  this  had  been  done,  he 
addressed  his  sons  as  follows  :  '  Let  this  be  an  example  to  you.  'You 
will  be  safe  from  your  enemies,  as  long  as  you  remain  agreed.  But  as 
soon  as  quarrels  shall  have  arisen  among  you,  your  enemies  will 
attack  you  safely.' 

for  a  long  time,  long,     one  by  one,  me  the  distributive  numeral. 
an  example,  for  an  example  {dat. ). 

Exercise  189. 

A  king  one  day  on  the  road  met  a  dog,  which  was  guarding  the 
body  of  a  slain  man.  Some  soldiers  said,  *  This  dog  lias  been  sitting 
near  the  body  for  three  days,  without  food,  and  will  not  leave  the 
body.'  The  king  said,  '  Bury  the  body,  and  take  care  of  the  dog.' 
A  few  days  after  the  king  reviews  his  army.  The  soldiers  pass  by 
one  at  a  time.  The  dog  is  present.  He,  though  he  had  been  quiet 
before,  a,s  soon  as  he  saw  the  murderers  of  his  master,  rushed  forward, 
and  attacked  them  with  such  fury  05  to  excite  the  suspicion  of  the 
king  and  of  all  who  were  present.  Therefore  they  were  seized  and 
questioned,  and  some  having  turned  informers,  were  condemned  to 
death. 

!0  day,  olim.  has  l)ccn  sitting,  sits,  one  at  a  time,  use  the  distributive 
numeral,     as  to  excite,  that  he  excited,     turned,  become. 


132  Adverbial  Clauses.  [190-192 


Exercise  190. 

A  certain  fellow  having  returned  to  his  country,  from  which  he  had 
been  absent  some  years,  used  to  boast  in  all  the  assemblies,  and  brag 
of  his  glorious  exploits.  Among  other  things  he  used  to  say,  '  In  the 
island  of  Rhodes,  I  conquered  in  leaping  all  the  best  leapers.'  He 
used  also  to  show  the  length  of  the  leap,  saying,  '  I  have  all  the 
Rhodians  (as)  witnesses  of  this  leap/  Then  one  of  those  who  were 
standing  by  exclaimed,  'If  you  tell  i/ie  tridh,  there  is  no  need  of 
these  witnesses  ;  let  Rhodes  be  here  ;  leap  here.' 

from  which,  whence,     the  truth,  true  things. 


Exercise  191. 

Two  friends  were  travelling.  When  they  arrived  at  a  certain  town, 
one  went  to  an  inn,  the  other  stayed  with  a  friend.  By  night  the 
former  appeared  to  the  latter  in  a  dream,  and  seemed  to  say, 
'  Assist  me  ;  the  innkeeper  wishes  to  kill  me.'  His  friend  arose 
terrified,  but  on  collecting  himself,  lay  down  again.  Again  his  friend 
appeared  to  him,  saying,  '  Since  you  have  not  helped  me  (while)  alive, 
do  not  leave  me  unavenged  (when)  dead.  I  have  been  slain  by  the 
innkeeper,  my  body  is  in  a  cart,  covered  with  manure.  Stop  the  cart 
before  it  leaves  the  city.'  The  spectre  then  disappeared.  In  the 
morning  they  seized  the  cart,  and  found  the  body.  The  innkeeper 
was  taken  and  condemned  to  death. 

with,  apud.     the  former — the  latter,  ille — hie. 
on  collecting,  when  he  had  collected,     leaves,  suhj. 


Exercise  192. 

Another  wonderful  dream  is  thus  related.  Simonides  having  seen  a 
dead  body  exposed,  buried  it.  Not  long  after,  when  he  intended 
to  embark  on  hoard  a  ship,  he  was  warned  in  a  dream  by  the  man 
whom  he  had  buried,  who  said,  '  If  you  go  you  will  perish  by  ship- 
wreck.' Therefore  Simonides  is  said  to  have  gone  home.  The  others 
who  went  in  the  ship  perished  l)y  shipwreck. 

intended,  wished,     on  board,  Into. 


193-195]  Exercises.  133 


Exercise  193. 

War  had  been  declared  against  the  Tarentines,  who  had  offered  an 
insult  to  the  Roman  ambassador.  Pyrrhus,  king  of  Epirus,  came  to 
their  assistance.  The  consul  Laevinus  was  sent  against  Pyrrhus. 
When  he  had  taken  some  of  the  king's  scouts,  he  led  them  round  the 
Roman  camp,  and  then  dismissed  them  in  safety,  (in  order)  that  they 
might  tell  Pyrrhus  everything  which  they  had  seen.  The  battle  soon 
began.  When  his  troops  were  already  retreating,  Pyrrhus  led  his 
elephants  against  the  Romans  ;  then  the  fortune  of  the  battle  was 
changed.  The  bulk  of  their  huge  bodies  terrified  the  Romans  ;  the 
horses  also,  terrified  at  the  sight  and  smell  of  the  beasts,  betook 
themselves  to  flight.     Night  made  an  end  of  the  battle. 

to  their  assistance,  for  an  assistance  to  them,    in  safety,  safe. 

Exercise  194. 

Pyrrhus  held  the  Roman  prisoners  in  the  highest  honour  ;  and  see- 
ing the  slain  lying  with  their  wounds  in  front  and  with  faces  fierce 
even  in  death,  he  is  said  to  have  used  these  words — *  With  such  men  I 
should  have  conquered  the  whole  world  in  a  short  time.'  Then  he 
hastens  towards  the  city  of  Rome  by  forced  marches  ;  he  lays  waste  all 
things  with  fire  and  sword ;  he  pitches  his  camp  near  the  twentieth 
milestone  from  the  city.  Laevinus  came  to  meet  Pyrrhus  with  a  new 
army.  Seeing  this,  the  king  said,  '  I  have  the  same  luck  against  the 
Romans  which  Hercules  had  against  the  Hydra,  to  whom  as  many  heads 
arose  as  had  been  cut  off.'  Then  he  retired  into  Campania.  He  dis- 
missed the  Roman  prisoners  without  a  ransom,  in  order  that  the 
Romans,  already  knowing  his  courage,  might  also  recognise  his 
generosity. 

forced,  great,     as,  quoU 

Exercise  195. 

C.  Fabricius  was  one  of  the  ambassadors  who  had  come  to  Pyrrhus 
to  speak  about  the  captives.  When  Pyrrhus  heard  his  name  praised 
among  the  Romans  as  of  a  good  and  brave  but  poor  man,  he  honoured 
him  greatly,  and  sent  him  gifts  and  gold.  Fabricius  refused  every- 
thing. Next  day  Pyrrhus,  wishing  to  frighten  him  by  a  sudden 
sight  of  an  elephant,  said  to  his  servants,  '  Let  the  beast  be  placed 
close  to  Fabricius  behind  a  curtain.'  When  this  was  done,  at  a  given 
signal,  the  curtain  being  removed,  the  beast  suddenly  uttered  a  fear- 
fid  scream,  and  hung  its  trunk  over  Fabricius'  head.  But  he  smiled 
gently,  and  said  to  Pyrrhus, '  Your  beast  does  not  move  me  to-day 
more  than  your  gold  did  yesterday.' 

to  speak,  in  order  that  he  might  speah.     everything,  all  things. 


134  Adverbial  Clauses.  [196-198 


Exercise  196. 
Pjo-rhus,  admiring  the  courage  of  Fabricius,  addressed  him  in  these 
words— 'Desert  your  country  and  live  with  me  ;  if  you  are,  willing  to 
do  this,  I  will  give  you  a  fourth  part  of  my  kingdom.'  Fabricius 
replied,  *  If  you  consider  me  a  good  man,  why  do  you  wish  to  corrupt 
me  ?  but  if  a  bad  one,  why  do  you  v/ant  to  have  me  ?'  Next  year,  all 
hope  of  peace  having  been  taken  away,  Fabricius  was  made  consul,  and 
sent  against  Pyrrhus.  Since  the  camps  were  near  each  other,  the 
king's  physician  came  by  night  to  Fabricius,  and  said,  '  If  you  are 
willing  to  give  me  a  reward,  I  am  prepared  to  kill  Pyrrhus  by  poison.' 
Fabricius  immediately  sent  him  bound  to  the  king,  with  a  letter  to  tell 
of  his  baseness.  Then  the  king  is  said  to  have  remarked, '  It  is  easier 
to  move  the  sun  from  his  course  than  Fabricius  from  honour.' 
are  willing,  wish,     to  tell  of,  which  might  tell, 

-''^  Exercise  197. 

Th&y  fought  for  a  long  time.  At  last  Manius  Curius,  who  had  been 
made  consul,  defeated  the  army  of  Pyrrhus,  and  triumphed  o-yer  that  king. 
Four  elephants,  with  their  howdahs,  then  seen  at  Kome  for  the  first 
time,  rendered  his  triumph  remarkable.  The  conquered  king  returned 
to  Epirus,  leaving  a  garrison  at  Tarentum.  Therefore,  since  he  was 
thought  sure  to  renew  the  war,  Curius  was  again  made  consul ;  but  the 
unexpected  death  of  the  king  freed  the  Eomans  from  fear.  For 
Pyrrhus,  while  besieging  the  city  of  Argos,  was  slain  by  a  woman,  who 
hurled  a  tile  from  the  roof  of  the  house  on  which  she  was  standing  on 
to  his  head. 

they  fought,  it  was  fought,     over,  de.     sure  to  renew, /wi.  'participle. 

Exercise  198. 

War  was  declared  against  the  French  by  Edward  iii.,  king  of 
England.  Therefore,  when  he  had  landed  a  large  army  in  France, 
he  marched  against  the  king  of  the  French.  The  two  armies  pitched 
their  camps  near  a  village.  Next  day  the  French  drew  up  their  line 
of  battle,  nor  did  the  English  refuse  the  contest.  The  son  of  Edward, 
who  was  called  the  Black  Prince,  commanded  part  of  the  army. 
Suddenly  a  storm  arose,  which  injured  the  French  greatly,  for  the  rain 
softened  their  bows.  The  English  had  covered  their  bows,  and  re- 
ceived no  injury.  The  French  archers  could  not  use  their  bows  well, 
and  were  routed  by  the  English,  who,  having  discharged  their  arrows 
from  a  distance,  then  attacked  them  at  close  quarters.  Edward,  who 
was  unwilling  to  assist  his  son,  lest  he  should  lose  the  glory  of  the 
victory,  said,  '  Let  my  son  finish  what  he  has  so  well  begun.'  The 
French  were  defeated  with  great  slaughter,  and  their  king  was  taken. 
a^quidam.     no,  nothing  of. 


199-200]  Exercises.  135 


Exercise  199. 

Hannibal  got  possession  of  the  city  of  Tarentum  by  treachery. 
Thirteen  young  nobles  among  the  Tarentines  conspired  against  their 
country.  They  having  gone  out  of  the  city  by  night,  under  ^^re^e^icc  of 
hunting,  came  to  Hannibal,  whose  camp  was  not  far  distant.  Hanni- 
bal praised  them,  and  said,  '  (When)  returning  to  the  city,  drive  the 
cattle  of  the  Carthaginians  towards  the  gates,  and  give  part  of  the 
s^wil  to  the  guards.'  This  was  often  done  ;  and  soon  the  gates  used  to 
be  opened  whenever  the  youths  gave  the  signal.  Then  Hannibal  with 
ten  thousand  men  followed  them  by  night.  When  they  approached  the 
gate  the  youths  aroused  the  guards.  The  gates  were  opened  ;  the 
youths  entered,  bringing  with  them  a  wild  boar  of  huge  size.  The  un- 
suspecting sentinel,  (while)  admiring  the  huge  beast,  was  slain.  Then 
the  Carthaginians  rushed  in,  and  after  slaying  the  remaining  guards, 
got  possession  of  the  city. 

having  gone  out,  wJien  they  Jiad  gone  out.    pretence,  ace. 

was  not  far  distant,  was  not  absent  far. 

gave,  sulj.,  because  indefinite;  no  particular  time  being  mentioned. 

after  slaying,  wJien  they  liad  slain. 

Exercise  200. 

Lucius  Aemilius  Paullus  (when)  consul,  obtained  by  lot  the  pro- 
vince of  Macedonia,  in  which  Perseus  the  son  of  Philippus  had 
renewed  war  against  the  Romans.  When  he  was  on  the  'point  of  setting 
out  against  Perseus,  and  was  returning  home  towards  nigbt,  he  saw  his 
daughter  Tertia,  who  was  then  quite  little,  crying.  Kissing  her,  he  said, 
'  What  is  it,  Tertia?  why  are  you  sad  V  '  Father,'  replied  she,  *  Perse 
is  dead.'  Now  Perse  was  a  puppy  which  the  girl  had  loved  greatly. 
Then  he,  embracing  the  girl  more  closely,  said, '  I  accept  the  omen,  my 
dear  daughter.'  So  from  a  chance  saying  he  conceived  a  certain  hope 
of  victory.  He  then  set  out  for  Macedonia,  and  marched  at  once 
against  the  enemy. 

on  the  point  of  setting  out,  a^bout  to  set  out.    towards,  euh. 
tiuite,  admodum.    now,  autem.    for,  into. 


"/tA*^  '^ 


SUBSTANTIVAL  CLAUSES. 

Substantival  Clauses  (Oratio  Obliqua,  Indirect  Speech)  take 
the  place  of  a  Substantive,  either  as  subject  of  an  Impersonal 
Verb,  or  object  of  a  Transitive  Verb. 

They  are  divided  into — 

(1.)  Indirect  Statement, — Accusative  with  Infinitive,  after 
Verbs  of  saying,  perceiving,  thinking,  hoping,  pro- 
mising : — 

Ex.  Dixit  se  civem  Romanum  esse. 

H&  said  that  he  was  a  Ronmn  citizen. 

This  is  the  usual  construction ;  there  are  some  exceptions. 

(2.)  Indirect  Command,— Ut,  ne,  with  Subjunctive,  after 
Verbs  of  commanding,  forbidding,  entreating,  per- 
suading : — 

Ex.  Imperavit  ei  ut  abiret. 
He  ordered  him  to  depart. 

lubeo  {order),  veto  (forbid),  prefer  the  Infinitive  Con- 
struction. 

(3.)  Indirect  Question,— Interrogative  Words,  with  Sub- 
junctive, after  Verbs  of  asking,  doubting,  and  telling  : — 

Ex.  Quaerit  ex  nobis  quid  agamus 
He  asJcs  us  what  we  are  doing. 

Observe  that  the  Simple  Sentences  become  Substantival 
Clauses  when  made  to  depend  on  another  Verb. 

Adjectival  and  Adverbial  Clauses,  qualifying  words  in 
Substantival  Clauses,  take  the  Subjunctive,  unless  they  are 
introduced  as  explanatory  notes  by  the  author. 

136 


201-204]  Exercises.  137 


Exercise  201. 

A  very  wise  man  was  reading  in  his  room,  when  his  servant  came 
to  him  greatly  alarmed,  and  said  thai  the  house  wa&  on  fire.  '  Go,' 
said  his  master,  '  and  tell  my  wife.  This  does  not  concern  me,  for  I 
never  take  any  notice  of  domestic  affairs.' 

that,  not  translated,  being  the.  sign  of  the  ace.  with  infinitive. 

was  on  fire,  was  burning  (ardeo) ;  'that  the  house  was  on  fire  '  is  a 

substantival  clause,  acting  as  object  to  ^  said.' 
take  any  notice,  ullam  rationem  habeo. 

Exercise  202. 

A  Lacedaemonian  woman  had  five  sons,  who  had  gone  to  fight  in  a 
battle  near  the  city  of  Sparta.  Seeing  a  soldier  returning  from  the 
battle,  she  asked  how  affairs  went  on.  '  Your  five  sons  have  been 
slain,'  replied  he.  '  This  only  concerns  my  sons,'  said  the  woman  ; 
'  tell  me  the  things  which  concern  my  country.'  '  We  have  conquered 
our  enemies,'  said  the  soldier.  '  Then,'  said  she,  '  I  am  happy, — my 
country  has  conquered  her  enemies.'  It  is  well  kno\vn  that  the  Lace- 
daemonians preferred  death  to  dishonour. 

to  fight,  u^e  the  supine,  went  on,  Jiad  themselves  {iiulirect  question) ; 
'how  affairs  went  on'  is  a  substantival  clause,  acting  as  object  to  asked. 

that — dishonour  is  the  subject  to  '  it  is  well  known. ' 


Exercise  203. 

A  soldier  had  painted  a  fly  on  his  shield  as  a  crest.  His  friends  began 
to  laugh,  and  asked  him  why  he  used  so  small  a  crest.  He  replied 
'  that  it  was  big  enough,  for  he  would  go  very  close  to  the  enemy.'  A 
battle  was  soon  fought,  and  this  soldier  surpassed  all  his  companions  in 
bravery.  It  is  well  known  that  true  courage  is  always  modest, 
as,  pro.     enough,  satis. 


Exercise  204. 

A  certain  soldier  had  been  ordered  to  perform  the  duty  of  a  sentinel 
in  a  certain  place.  The  duty  was  not  altogether  without  danger, 
so  soon  the  soldier  begged  the  general  to  remove  him.  '  On  account  of 
what  reason?'  asked  the  general.  The  soldier  answered  '  that  it  did 
not  seem  to  him  that  he  was  brave  enough  for  the  duty.' 
to  remove  him,  indirect  command,     for,  ad. 


138  Substantival  Clauses.  [205-208 


Exercise  205. 

A  quarrel  arose  between  a  hedgehog  and  a  hare.  It  was  agreed 
that  they  should  contend  in  a  race,  and  that  a  prize  should  be  given  to 
the  conqueror.  Tlie  hare  ran  very  swiftly,  but  when  he  had  arrived 
at  the  goal,  lie  found  the  hedgehog  sitting  there.  Being  greatly 
astonished,  he  said  to  the  hedgehog  next  day,  *  Tell  me  how  you 
defeated  me,  and  I  will  give  you  another  prize.'  The  hedgehog  replied, 
*  My  wife  is  very  like  me,  so  I  placed  her  at  the  goal ;  I  myself  re- 
mained at  the  starting-post.  You  thought  that  she  was  your  opponent. 
Neither  of  us  ran  at  all.' 

that  they  should  contend  in  a  race,  substantival  clause  acting  as  sub- 
ject to  *  it  was  agreed.'' 

that,  ut.    Here  *  ut '  ivith  subj.  talces  the  place  of  the  usual  ace.  with  inj. 


Exercise  206, 

One  of  his  friends  once  said  to  a  philosopher  who  was  going  to  make 
a  journey  across  the  sea,  *  Do  you  not  fear  lest,  your  ship  having  been 
wrecked,  you  should  become  food  for  the  fishes  ? '  '  Not  at  all,'  replied 
the  philosopher ;  '  it  is  well  known  that  I  have  eaten  many  fishes  ; 
therefore  I  do  not  wish  to  seem  ungrateful  hy  not  being  willing  to  be 
eaten  in  turn  by  the  fishes.' 

going  to  make,  future  participle,    by  not  being  willing,  nolendo. 


Exercise  207. 

When  some  one  was  one  day  praising  the  wisdom  of  a  very  foolish 
man,  a  lady  who  was  present  said,  '  I  do  not  wonder  that  he  has  a 
great  quantity  of  wisdom,  for  he  never  uses  any  wisdom  at  all.' 
one  day,  oliiii.    at  all,  omnlno. 


Exercise  208. 

A  citizen,  walking  one  day  in  his  garden,  found  one  of  his  servents 
sleeping  in  the  shade.  He  rebuked  his  laziness  severely,  and  said  that 
he  was  so  lazy  that  he  was  not  worthy  of  the  light  of  the  sun.  *  It 
was  for  this  reason,^  replied  the  servant,  *  that  I  was  sleeping  in  the 
shade.' 

that,  etc.,  adverbial  clause  introduced  by  ut. 
It  was  for  this  reason  that,  ideo. 


209-212]  Exercises.  139 


Exercise  209. 

Once  upon  a  time  the  mice  assembled  a  council,  in  order  that  they 
might  discover  how  they  might  escape  from  the  cat.  An  old  mouse 
addressed  the  rest  thus  :  '  Let  us  hang  a  bell  from  the  neck  of  the 
cat ;  being  warned  by  the  sound,  we  shall  be  able  to  escape.'  All 
praised  the  plan,  but  no  one  was  willing  to  hang  the  bell  from  the 
cat's  neck. 

how  they  might  escape  from  the  cat,  indirect  question. 


Exercise  210. 

A  widow  woman,  who  used  to  support  life  hy  weaving,  was 
accustomed  to  summon  her  maids  to  work  when  she  heard  the  first 
crow  of  the  cock.  At  last  the  maids,  worn  out  by  labour,  killed  the 
cock.  This  being  done,  their  condition  became  worse  than  before  ;  for 
their  mistress,  who  did  not  know  what  o'clock  it  was,  used  often  to 
rouse  them  even  in  the  middle  of  the  night. 

by  weaving,  use  the  gerund,     what  o'clock  it  was,  quota  hora  ;  indirect 
question,    in  the  middle  of  the  night,  iw  the  middle  night. 

Exercise  211. 

Croesus,  king  of  Lydia,  had  a  son,  by  name  Atys,  whom  he  loved 
greatly.  He  saw  in  a  dream  this  son  pierced  by  an  iron  weapon, 
therefore  he  determined  always  to  keep  him  at  home,  and  not  to 
expose  him  to  danger  in  war.  At  this  time  a  wild  boar  of  huge  size 
appeared  and  began  to  ravage  the  fields.  The  husbandmen  begged 
the  king  to  send  his  son  with  men  and  dogs  to  kill  the  monster.  At 
length  Croesus  allowed  him  to  go,  thinking  that  weapons,  not  the 
teeth  of  a  boar,  were  to  be  feared.  While  they  were  pursuing  the  boar, 
a  spear  thrown  by  one  of  the  husbandmen  killed  Atys.  Thus  the 
dream  of  Croesus  was  fulfilled. 

and  not,  neque.     to  send,  indirect  command,    to  kill,  adverbial 
clause,  ut,  etc.     to  be  feared,  gerundive. 

Ex  erase  212. 

It  is  well  known  that  Salinator,  who,  after  losing  the  city,  had  fled 
into  the  citadel,  boasted  and  said,  '  By  my  help,  Quintus  Fabius,  you 
have  recovered  Tarentum.'     '  Certainly,'  replied  Fabius,  laughing, '  for 
unless  you  had  lost  it,  I  should  never  have  retiikeu  it.' 
after  losing  the  city,  abl.  abs. 


140  Substantival  Clauses.  [213-216 


Exercise  213. 

The  father  of  a  boy  came  one  day  to  Aristippiis  the  philosopher,  and 
begged  him  to  teach  his  son.  The  philosopher  demanding  much  money, 
the  father,  who  was  very  avaricious,  was  frightened  by  the  price,  and 
said  to  the  philosopher,  that  he  could  buy  a  slave  for  less.  '  Do  so,* 
said  Aristippus,  '  thus  you  will  have  two  slaves.' 

to  teach,  indirect  command,     for  less,  minoris. 

Exercise  214. 

Xenophon  was  sacrificing  to  the  gods,  when  he  heard  that  his 
eldest  son  had  been  slain  in  battle.  He  only  laid  down  his  crown  and 
asked  how  he  had  died.  Being  informed  that  his  son  had  died 
fighting  bravely  for  his  country,  he  placed  the  crown  again  on  his 
head.  Then  he  called  the  gods  to  witness  that  he  received  more 
pleasure  from  the  courage  of  his  son  than  jpain  from  his  death, 
more  pleasure — pain,  more  of  pleasure,  of  pain. 

Exercise  215. 

A  certain  king,  who  had  been  expelled  by  his  citizens,  betook  him- 
self to  the  country,  where  he  contracted  a  friendship  with  a  certain 
man,  by  name  Conon,  at  whose  house  he  used  often  to  eat  turnips. 
Afterwards,  when  the  king  had  recovered  his  kingdom,  Conon  sent  to 
him  a  turnip  of  great  size.  The  king  received  the  gift  kindly,  and 
ordered  a  large  sum  of  money  to  be  given  to  him.  A  certain  man 
seeing  this,  gave  a  horse  to  the  king.  The  king,  however,  knowing 
that  his  liberality  towards  Conon  was  the  cause  of  this  gift,  presented 
him  with  the  turnip,  which  he  said  had  cost  him  more  than  a  horse. 

at  whose  hoiise,  apud  quem.     a  large  sum  of  money,  much  of  money. 
had  cost  him  more,  had  stood  to  him  oj  more  value. 

Exercise  216. 

Augustus  used  not  to  sleep  more  than  seven  hours,  and  often  awoke 
three  or  four  times  during  the  night.  If  he  ivas  unable  to  sleep,  he 
used  to  call  one  of  his  servants  to  read  to  him  till  sleep  should  return. 
Having  heard  that  a  certain  senator,  although  involved  in  debt,  was 
wont  to  sleep  long  and  soundly,  he  bought  his  pillow  at  a  large  price. 
He  then  remarked  to  his  wondering  friends,  '  the  pillow  on  which  a 
man,  who  owed  so  much,  could  sleep,  is  a  most  invaluable  thing.' 

used  to  sleep,  imperfect,     he  was  unable,  suhj.  because  of  the 
uncertainty,     to  read,  who  should  read. 


217-210]  Exercises.  Ul 


Exercise  217. 

Piso  the  orator,  lest  he  should  be  interrupted,  had  ordered  his 
servants  to  answer  questions  only,  and  not  to  say  anything  else. 
Once  he  told  them  to  invite  a  certain  Clodius  to  supper.  Already  all 
the  other  guests  were  present.  Clodius  alone  was  absent.  Piso 
sent  the  servant,  who  used  to  invite  the  guests,  several  times  to  see  if 
he  was  coining.  At  last  when  his  arrival  was  despaired  of  Piso  said 
to  the  servant,  '  Did  you  invite  Clodius  ?'  *  I  did  invite  him,'  replied 
the  servant.  '  Why  then  does  he  not  come  V  '  Because  he  said  that 
he  would  not  come.'  *  Why  did  you  not  say  so  at  once  V  *  Because 
you  did  not  ask  me.' 

several  times,  saepius.    to  see,  supine,    if,  num. 


Exercise  218. 

The  Romans  used  to  think  Jupiter  the  first  and  greatest  of  all  the 
gods.  He  was  born  and  brought  up  in  the  island  of  Crete.  But 
when  he  had  grown  up,  he  expelled  his  father  Saturnus  from  his 
kingdom,  which  he  divided  between  himself  and  his  brothers.  He 
obtained  the  empire  of  the  sky  and  earth,  Neptunus  (that)  of  the  sea, 
and  Pluto  (that)  of  the  infernal  regions.  But  Neptunus  and  Pluto 
used  to  obey  him.  He  was  represented  sitting  on  a  throne,  holding  a 
thunderbolt  in  his  right  hand.  Beside  him  stood  an  eagle.  The 
Romans  used  to  think  that  the  fig-tree  was  sacred  to  him. 

used  to  obey,  imperfect. 


Exercise  219. 

Thetis  knowing  that  her  son  Achilles  loould  quickly  perish,  if  he 
followed  the  Grecian  army  to  Troy,  sent  him  to  the  island  of  Scyros. 
There  the  king  kept  him  among  his  daughters  dressed  in  female 
apparel.  But  Ulysses,  when  he  had  heard  that  AchiUes  was  hidden 
there,  placed  ornaments  and  beautiful  apparel  in  the  hall  of  the  royal 
palace,  and  also  a  shield  and  spear.  Then  he  ordered  the  girls  to  be 
summoned.  While  they  were  examining  the  gifts,  suddenly  a  trumpet 
sounded,  which  sound  being  heard,  Achilles  seized  the  arms,  whence 
it  was  understood  that  he  was  a  man.  He  was  afterwards  killed  near 
Troy. 

would;  after  a  past  tense  would  /.■>•  tlie  si'j/i  of  tJie  future 
souuded,  cano. 


142  Substantival  Clauses.  [220-223 


Exercise  220. 

Troy  was  taken  by  the  Greeks  undzr  the  commoMd  of  Agamemnon. 
Then  the  Greeks  wished  to  return  home,  but  were  prevented  by  a  wind 
from  setting  out.  A  spectre  is  said  to  have  appeared  on  the  tomb  of 
Achilles.  At  last  a  voice  from  the  tomb  was  heard,  which  warned  the 
Greeks  not  to  leave  their  bravest  soldier  without  honour.  So  the 
Greeks  sacrificed  Polyxena,  the  daughter  of  Priam,  Idng  of  Troy,  near 
the  tomb.     Then  they  were  able  to  depart. 

under  the  command  of  Agamemnon,  Agamemnon  being  leader. 

from  setting  out,  lest  they  should  set  out. 

not  to  leave,  indirect  command. 

Exercise  221. 

It  is  well  known  that  cattle  can  foretell  the  arrival  of  rain.  A 
traveller  relates  that  he  once  saw  a  herd  of  oxen,  who  had  been  without 
water  for  a  long  time.  The  owner  of  the  oxen  sent  his  servants  to 
look  for  water.  Meanwhile  the  cattle  began  to  stretch  out  their  necks 
and  look  towards  the  west.  After  a  short  time  clouds  began  to 
appear,  and  soon  so  great  a  quantity  of  rain  fell  to  the  earth,  that  the 
cattle  were  able  to  drink  as  much  as  they  wished.  They  also  say  that 
pigs  can  foretell  rain  or  wind. 

had  been  without,  had  lacTced.     to  look  for,  supine, 
they  wished,  subjunctive. 

Exercise  222. 

An  old  writer  relates  that  a  raven,  perceiving  fourteen  chickens 
with  a  hen  in  a  garden,  seized  one  in  his  claws  ;  but  that,  on  a  girl 
opening  a  window  and  making  a  noise,  the  robber  flew  away.  After 
a  short  time  the  raven  is  said  to  have  returned  with  thirteen  other 
ravens  ;  then  each  (one)  seized  a  chicken  and  flew  away, 
on  a  girl  opening,  abl.  abs. 

Exercise  223. 

At  Smyrna  there  are  many  cranes,  who  build  their  nests  on  the  tops 
of  the  houses.  The  inhabitants  sometimes,  to  amuse  themselves,  put 
the  eggs  of  a  hen  into  the  nest  of  a  crane.  When  the  eggs  are  hatched, 
the  male  crane,  seeing  that  the  young  are  unlike  other  cranes,  utters 
loud  cries.  Then  a  gi-eat  number  of  cranes  come  to  the  place  and 
kill  the  female  crane,  for  they  think  that  she  has  disgraced  her  race. 
Meanwhile  the  male  crane  laments  his  misfortune  with  loud  cries, 
the  toijs  of  the  houses,  the  top  houses,    to  amuse,  tlutt  they  may  amuse. 


221-227  J  Exercises.  143 

Exercise  224. 
Once  upon  a  time  there  was  a  very  strong  man  in  Greece,  Glaucus 
by  name.  (When)  a  youth  he  used  to  cultivate  the  ground,  but  while, 
ploughing  one  day  the  ploughshare  fell  from  the  plough.  The  youth 
put  back  the  ploughshare  into  its  place,  (a  thing)  which  no  one  else 
could  do  without  a  mallet.  He  went  to  the  Olympic  games  as  a 
boxer,  but  being  unskilled  in  the  art  of  fighting,  he  was  so  severely 
wounded  that  every  one  thought  that  he  would  soon  be  conquered. 
Then  his  father  exclaimed,  '  My  son,  do  you  not  remember  the  plough- 
share?' They  say  that  the  youth,  roused  by  these  words,  slew  his 
adversary  with  one  blow. 

while  ploughing,  inter  arandum.     every  one,  all. 

Exercise  225. 

They  say  that  the  goddess  Latona,  after  long  wanderings  and  flight, 
arrived  at  the  island  of  Delos,  and  there  gave  birth  to  Apollo  and 
Diana.  From  this  belief  this  island  is  thought  sacred  to  these  deities ; 
and  so  great  is  and  has  always  been  the  sanctity  of  the  island,  that 
not  even  the  Persians  (after  declaring  war  against  the  whole  of  Greece, 
and  men  and  gods,  and  after  touching  at  Delos  with  a  fleet  of  a  thou- 
sand vessels),  dared  to  injure  anything. 

from  this  belief,  hence,    after  declaring,  when  they  had  declared, 
anything,  quidquam. 

Exercise  226. 

To  a  certain  man,  who  had  learned  to  stand  for  a  long  time  on  one 

foot,  on  saying  to  a  certain  Lacedaemonian  that  he  did  not  think  that 

any  one  of  the  Lacedaemonians  could  do  the  same  so  long,  the  latter 

answered,  *  Well,  geese  can  stiind  on  one  foot  longer  than  you.' 

on  saying,  when  he  Iiad  said,    well,  at. 

Exercise  227. 
The  poets  relate  that  Perseus  was  sent  by  Minerva  to  kill  Medusa, 
who  alone  of  the  Gorgons  was  mortal.  Noiv  the  Gorgons  were  malig- 
nant monsters  in  female  form.  This  Medusa  had  snakes  for  hair. 
If  any  one  looked  at  her  he  was  immediately  turned  into  a  stone.  To 
destroy  this  monster,  Perseus  received  anns  from  the  gods.  Thus 
equipped  ho  went  to  the  relations  of  Medusa,  some  old  women,  who 
had  only  one  eye  among  them.  They  foolishly  intrusted  this  eye  to 
him,  and  he  said  he  would  not  restore  it  until  they  had  said  where 
Medusa  lived.  Then  Perseus  went  to  the  place,  and  having  found 
Medusa  sleeping,  cut  off"  her  head  at  one  blow. 

to  kill,  wlio  slioukl  kill  {siihj.).     now,  autem. 

in,  of,  gen.  of  quality,     any  one,  quis.     was  turned  into,  became, 

some,  nonnullus.    said  ho  would  not,  denied  that  he  wovld. 


144  Substantival  Clauses.  [228-230 


Exercise  228. 

A  certain  man  once  lost  a  large  sum  of  money.  Thinking  that  one 
of  his  slaves  had  taken  it  he  ordered  them  to  assemble,  and  then 
addressed  them  thus,  '  My  friends,  a  great  snake  appeared  to  me  in  a 
dream  and  said  that  the  man  who  had  iak^n  the  money  would  have  a 
feather  on  ihe.  end  of  his  nose.^  The  thief  at  once  touched  his  nose 
with  his  hand  to  see  if  the  feather  was  there.  '  Thou  art  the  thief,' 
exclaimed  his  master.  The  foolish  slave  confessed  his  crime,  and  the 
master  recovered  his  money. 

taken,  siibj.,  adjectival  clause  dependent  on  a  substantival  clause. 
the  end  of  his  nose,  end  (extremus)  nose,     to  see,  that  he  might  see. 
if,  num. 

Exercise  229. 

The  poets  who  have  written  about  Philoctetes  have  said  that  he  was 
the  armour-bearer  of  Hercules,  and  received  from  him  the  arrows  which 
had  been  dipped  in  the  poisonous  blood  of  the  Hydra.  Now  the  Hydra 
was  a  great  snake  which  Hercules  had  killed.  The  foot  of  Philoctetes 
was  wounded  by  the  fall  of  one  of  these  arrows.  The  wound  caused 
so  unpleasant  an  odour  that  the  Greeks,  with  whom  he  was  going  to 
Troy,  removed  him  from  them,  and  left  him  on  the  island  of  Lemnos. 
At  last  it  was  found  that  Troy  could  not  be  taken  without  his  arrows, 
so  Ulysses  was  sent  to  bring  him  to  the  Grecian  camp.  With  the 
greatest  difficulty  he  was  persuaded  to  go,  for  he  had  not  forgotten 
that  they  had  deserted  him.  Troy,  which  had  been  besieged  for  ten 
years  in  vain,  was  taken  by  the  help  of  his  arrows. 

had  been  dipped,  subj.,  adjectival  clause  dependent  on  the  substantival 

clause. 
now,  autem.     to  bring,  who  should  bring  ;  who  =  in  order  that  he. 
he  was  persuaded,  it  was  persuaded  to  him.    to  go,  indirect  command. 

Exercise  230. 

The  god  Mercurius,  wishing  to  know  at  what  price  he  was  valued  by 
men,  went  to  the  house  of  a  sculptor.  Seeing  the  statue  of  Jupiter, 
he  asked  what  was  the  price.  The  sculptor  informed  him.  Then  he 
asked  about  a  statue  of  Juno.  The  sculptor  told  him  that  her  statue 
was  more  valuable  than  the  statue  of  Jupiter.  Mercurius,  thinking 
that  his  own  statue  would  be  the  most  valuable  of  all,  asked  the  price. 
*  If  you  will  buy  the  other  two,'  replied  the  sculptor,  '  I  will  give  you 
this  one  also.' 

at  what  price,  quanti.     he  was  valued,  indirect  question. 
what  M'as  the  price,  at  what  price  it  was. 


231-233]  Exercises.  145 


Exercise  231. 

C.  Duilius  ?ms  ihc  first  to  conquer  the  Carthaginians  in  a  sea  figlit. 
He,  seeing  that  the  lionian  vessels  were  excelled  by  the  Carthaginians 
in  swiftness,  prepared  iron  grapnels.  These  machines  were  0/  great 
use  to  the  Romans,  for  they  grappled  with  the  hostile  vessels,  and 
then  fought  with  the  sword  as  if  in  a  land  fight.  The  Romans,  who 
excelled  the  Carthaginians  in  strength,  easily  conquered  them.  Thirty 
of  the  enemy's  ships  were  taken  and  thirteen  sunk.  Duilius  returned 
to  Rome,  and  was  the  first  to  lead  a  naval  triumph.  No  victory  was 
more  acceptable  to  the  Romans,  for  they  were  able  to  say  that  they 
had  conquered  all  their  enemies  by  sm  and  land. 

was  the  first  to  conquer,  first  {adj. )  conquered,    sea,  naval,     of  great  use, 
for  great  use.     by  sea  and  land,  by  land  and  sea. 

Exercise  232. 

Herodotus  relates  that  crocodiles  are  taken  by  the  Egyptians  in  this 
way  ;  that  the  fisherman  lowers  into  the  water  of  the  river  a  young 
pig  attached  to  a  hook  for  a  bait ;  that  he  then  beats  a  young  pig 
while  standing  on  the  shore  ;  that  the  crocodile  hearing  the  sounds, 
which  the  young  pig  utters,  hastens  to  the  spot  and  swallows  the  bait ; 
that  the  fishennan,  when  he  with  his  companions  has  drawn  the  croco- 
dile out  of  the  water,  plasters  its  eyes  with  mud,  so  that  he  may  the 
more  easily  kill  it.  I  have  heard  that  crocodiles  are  taken  in  this  way 
in  other  countries  also. 

hearing  the  sounds,  the  sounds  being  heard. 
80  that,  quo  =  ut  eo,  used  instead  of  ut  after  comparatives. 

Exercise  233. 

When  the  Romans  were  going  to  fight  against  the  Macedonians, 
Gallus,  a  militiiry  tribune,  freed  the  Roman  army  from  a  great  fear. 
For  he,  since  he  knew  that  an  eclipse  of  the  moon  would  take  place  the 
following  night,  summoned  the  troops  and  addressed  them  thus : 
'  There  will  be  an  eclipse  of  the  moon  next  night.     Do  not  fear  this. 
It  happens  at  fixed  times,  and  can  be  known  and  foretold  beforehand. 
Therefore,  just  as  no  one  wonders  when  the  moon  shines  at  one  time 
with  full  orb,  at  another  with  a  small  crescent,  so  it  is  not  wonderful 
that  it  is  obscured,  when  it  is  concealed  by  the  shadow  of  the  earth.' 
Accordingly  the  Romans  were  not  terrified  by  the  eclipse,  but  the 
Macedonians,  thinking  it  a  gloomy  portent,  were  greatly  terrified, 
going  to  fight, /«<.-7?arf.     would  take  place,  would  be.     'would'  is  the 
sign  of  the  future  after  a  past  tense,    just  as,  sicut. 
B.L.W.  K 


146  Substantival  Clauses.  [234-236 


Exercise  234. 

Marcus  Aemilius  Scaurus  was  born  of  a  noble  but  poor  family.  He 
was  a  most  eloquent  man,  and  by  his  eloquence  gained  glory  and 
wealth.  (When)  appointed  consul  he  shewed  himself  severe  in  tnain- 
taining  military  discipline  :  of  which  discipline  he  himself  used  to  tell 
an  instance  worthy  of  admiration,  in  the  books  which  he  had  written 
concerning  his  own  life.  Though  there  was  a  tree  laden  with  ripe 
fruit  on  the  spot  where  he  had  pitched  his  camp,  when  the  army 
went  away  in  the  morning  the  tree  was  left  with  the  fruit  untouched. 
He  also  punished  the  praetor  Publius  Decius  for  sitting  while  he  was 
passing  by,  and  not  obeying  (when)  ordered  to  rise. 

of  a  noble,  ahl.  of  origin,     shewed,  praebeo.     maintaining,  gerund. 
for  sitting,  because  he  had  sat.     and  not,  neque. 


Exercise  235. 

Eutilius  Eufus  was  distinguished  on  account  of  his  virtues  and  the 
innocence  of  his  life.  Since  there  was  no  one  more  honest  than  him 
in  the  state,  he  was  held  worthy  of  every  honour,  and  made  consul. 
When  one  of  his  friends  kept  asking  him  to  do  some  unjust  act,  and 
Rutilius  steadily  refused,  his  friend  having  become  angry  said  :  '  What 
use  is  your  friendship  to  me,  if  yoii  do  not  do  what  I  ask  V  *  Nay,' 
replied  Rutilius,  '  What  use  is  your  friendship  to  me,  if  on  account  of 
you  it  behoves  me  to  do  an  unjust  act  V  For  Rutilius  well  knew  that 
religion  and  honesty  should  be  'preferred  to  friendship. 

to  do,  indirect  command,     what  use,  for  what  use. 
should  be  preferred,  gerundive. 


Exercise  236. 

Formerly  women  were  not  allowed  to  act  in  a  theatre,  but  young 
men  dressed  in  female  costume  used  to  act  female  parts.  One  day 
the  king  came  earlier  than  usual  to  the  theatre,  and  found  that  the 
actors  were  not  ready.  So  he  sent  one  of  his  servants  to  aslc  what  was 
the  cause  of  the  delay.  The  manager,  knowing  that  it  would  be  wisest 
to  tell  the  truth,  went  to  the  king  and  told  him,  that  the  queen  was 
not  yet  shaved.  The  king  laughed,  and  waited  till  the  queen  was 
shaved  and  the  curtain  dravm. 

women  were  not  allowed,  it  was  not  lawful  for  loomen. 
than  usual,  than  he  was  loont.     to  ask,  supine,     drawn,  removed. 


237-239]  Exercises.  W 


Exercise  237. 

Sertoriiis  had  a  white  doe  of  extraordinary  beauty,  which  was  of 
great  use  to  him,  in  making  the  troops  more  obedient.  Sertorius  had 
taught  her  to  follow  him  and  obey  his  words.  He  persuaded  the  army 
that  she  was  a  gift  of  Diana,  and  that  she  told  him  what  ought  to  be 
done.  If  he  wished  to  order  anything  difficult,  he  used  to  say  that  he 
had  been  warned  by  the  doe,  and  all  used  at  once  to  obey.  Once  the 
doe  was  lost,  and  believed  to  have  perished,  which  vexed  Sertorius 
greatly.  Many  days  after  she  was  found  by  a  certain  man.  Sertorius 
hid  her  near  the  place  where  he  was  wont  to  dispense  justice,  and 
then  told  the  troops  that  the  doe  had  appeared  to  him  in  a  dream. 
When  they  approached  the  tribunal  the  doe  leaped  forth,  and  ran  to 
Sertorius.     The  whole  army  was  greatly  astonished 

of  great  use,  for  great  use.      making,  gerund. 
the  army,  dat.  of  remoter  obkct.    anything,  quid,    difl&cult,  comparative. 

Exercise  238. 

A  certain  judge  used  to  relate  a  story  about  a  fellow  who  had 
claimed  his  friendship  in  a  strange  way.  The  judge  one  day  while 
walking  could  not  find  the  house  where  he  was  going  to  sleep,  so  he 
asked  a  man  whom  he  met  to  show  him  the  way.  The  other  answered, 
*  I  will  do  this  willingly,  my  lord  ;  I  had  the  honour  of  being  accused 
before  you  of  stealing  sheep.'  The  judge  replied,  *  I  remember  you 
perfectly  ;  how  is  your  wife  ?  she  too  had  the  honour  also  of  appearing 
before  me.  She  had  received  the  sheep  which  you  had  stolen.' 
'  She  is  well,  your  lordship y  we  were  acquitted  of  the  theft  :  I  still 
am  a  butcher.'  'Then,'  replied  the  judge,  'perhaps  I  shall  meet  you 
again.' 

I  had  the  honour  of  being  accused,  it  happened  to  me  that  I  was  accused 

(ut  vnth  suhj.).     of  stealing,  becatise  I  had  stolen  {suhj.). 

how  is  your  wife  ?  Hoio  does  your  wife  hold  herself? 

your  lordship,  my  lord. 

Exercise  239. 

Jupiter  had  spoken  in  a  dream  to  a  certain  man,  Titus  by  name, 
;iiid  said,  '  Go  and  order  the  consuls  to  repeat  the  games,  for  soine  one 
danced  lately  in  the  games  whom  I  liked  not,  therefore  great  danger 
awaits  this  city.'  But  Titus  feared  lest  every  one  would  laugh  at  him, 
if  he  should  go  to  the  consuls  with  such  a  message,  and  so  he  did  not 
obey  the  god.  A  few  days  after  his  son  died,  and  again  a  voice  said 
to  him,  '  Dost  thou  still  despise  my  orders  ?  Thy  son  is  already  dead, 
and  if  thou  wilt  not  obey,  worse  disaster  awaits  thee.* 

every  one,  all.    wilt  not,  nolo. 


148  Substantival  Clauses.  [240-242 


Exercise  240. 

But  Titus  still  lingered,  so  he  was  himself  seized  with  a  sudden 
weakness  ;  neither  could  he  walk,  but  his  friends  carried  him  in  a 
litter.  Then  he  delayed  no  longer,  but  ordered  his  relations  to  carry 
him  to  the  consuls.  Then  he  told  the  consuls  the  orders  of  the  god, 
and  all  the  things  thai  had  happened  to  him.  When  they  had  heard 
this,  the  consuls  remembered  that  on  the  first  day  of  the  games  a 
citizen  had  beaten  his  slave  with  a  whip  in  the  midst  of  the  circus y 
and  the  citizens  noticed  it  not,  but  Jupiter  saw  it  and  was  angry  ; 
for  it  was  a  holy  day,  and  a  day  suited  for  mirth,  but  not  for  tears  and 
pain. 

no,  haud,  used  often  with  adverbs  instead  o/'non.     that,  relative. 
in  the  midst  of  the  circus,  in  the  middle  circus,     and  it,  ivhich. 

Exercise  241. 

The  Helvetii,  w^hom  Orgetorix  had  persuaded  to  seek  more  fertile 
regions,  on  hearing  that  Caesar  had  suddenly  arrived  at  Geneva,  asked 
him  to  allow  them  to  pass  through  the  Koman  province,  promising  to 
do  no  injury.  Caesar,  who  as  yet  had  only  a  small  army,  said  that  he 
would  soon  be  able  to  reply  ;  let  the  ambassadors  of  the  Helvetii 
return  to  him  after  a  few  days.  Meanwhile  Caesar,  having  collected 
a  great  army,  said  that  he  would  not  allow  them  to  pass  ;  (and)  that,  if 
they  attempted  to  go,  he  would  prevent  them  by  force. 

on  hearing,  when  they  had  heard,     to  allow,  indirect  command. 

to  do,  that  they  ivould  do.     Verbs  ofhojnng  and  j^romising  take 
thefuL  inf.     let — return,  indirect  command. 

Exercise  242. 

Hannibal  being  conquered  by  Scipio,  fled  to  Antiochus,  king  of 
Syria.  Ambassadors  were  sent  from  Rome  to  Antiochus,  among  whom 
was  Scipio,  who  asked  Hannibal  whom  he  thought  to  be  the  greatest 
general.  Hannibal  replied,  that  Alexander  king  of  Macedon  seemed 
to  him  to  have  been  the  greatest,  because  with  small  forces  he  had 
routed  innumerable  armies.  Then  Scii)io  asked  whom  he  placed 
second.  '  Pyrrhus,'  said  he,  '  because  he  first  taught  (how)  to  measure 
(out)  a  camp,  and  no  one  could  better  choose  growid,  or  place  guards.' 
Again,  when  Scipio  asked  whom  he  placed  third,  he  replied,  '  Myself.' 
Then  Scipio,  smiling,  said,  '  What  then  would  you  say  if  you  had 
conquered  me  ? '  ^  I  should  have  placed  myself  before  Alexander  and 
Pyrrhus  and  all  others.' 

he  thought,  indirect  question,     he  had  routed,  subjunctive,  because  of  the 

oratio  obllqua.     and  no  one,  neque  quisquam — more  elegant 

than  '  et  nemo. '    ground,  a  place. 


243-2451  Exercises.    "  149 


Exercise  243. 

Two  men  were  once  brought  htfore.  a  judge  ;  the  one  seemed  to  be  a 
tailor,  with  his  shears  in  his  hand,  the  other  a  peasant.  Then  the 
tailor  spoke  as  follows  :  '  This  man  came  to  me  yesterday  and  showed 
me  a  cloth,  asking  ivhether  there  was  enough  to  niake  him  a  cap. 
"  There  is  enough,"  said  I.  Then  he  asked  was  there  enough  for  two. 
Seeing  his  meanness  I  said,  "  Certainly."  So  at  last  he  ordered  five 
caps  to  be  made,  which  I  finished  according  to  his  order.  To-day,  he 
will  not  pay  me  the  money.'  'Thou  speakest  the  truth,'  said  the 
peasant,  '  but  show  the  caps  to  the  judge.'  Then  the  tailor  drew  forth 
his  hand  from  his  bosom,  and  showed  his  four  fingers  and  thumb, 
from  each  of  which  hung  a  very  little  cap.  '  Here  are  the  five  caps,' 
said  he,  *  which  the  man  ordered  ;  nothing  remains  over  of  the  cloth.' 
All  began  to  laugh,  but  the  judge  said,  '  Let  the  tailor  lose  his  trouble, 
the  peasant  his  cloth,  and  let  the  caps  be  given  to  the  poor.' 

before,  apiul.     whether,  num.     to  make  him  a  cap, /or  (ad) 
a  cap  to  be  made  {(jerundive). 


Exercise  244. 

After  the  battle  of  Cannae,  when  his  troops  were  congratulating  Han- 
nibal, and  advising  him  to  take  some  rest  himself,  and  give  some  to  his 
weary  troops,  one  of  his  officers,  by  name  Maharbal,  urged  him 
to  start  for  Rome  at  once,  since  he  was  s^ire  to  feast  in  the  Capitol 
as  victor  within  five  days.  When  Hannibal  rejected  this  advice, 
Maharbal  said,  '  You  know  (how)  to  conquer,  Hannibal,  but  you  do 
not  know  how  to  use  victory.'  The  delay  of  this  day  is  believed  to 
have  saved  the  city. 

some  rest,  something  of  rest,     to  start,  indirect  command, 
sure  to  feast,  future  participle. 


Exercise  245. 

Next  day,  at  dawn,  the  Carthaginians  began  to  collect  the  spoil. 
So  many  thousands  of  the  Romans  lay  on  the  field,  that  three  bushels 
of  the  rings  which  had  been  taken  fropi  the  fingers  of  the  knights  and 
senators  were  sent  to  Carthage.  Then  Hannibal  led  his  troops  into 
Cam^mnia,  where  he  himself  and  his  troops,  given  up  to  ease, 
became  less  fit  for  war.  It  is  well  known  that  he  ought  to  have  gone 
to  Rome  at  once,  for  meanwhile  the  Romans  enrolled  fresh  forces,  and 
fortified  the  city. 

at  dawn,  at  first  light,     ought,  it  behoved  him,  perf.  inf. 


150  Substantival  Clauses.  [246-247 


Exercise  246. 

Eegulus  was  conquered  by  the  Carthaginians  undtr  the  leadership  of 
Xanthijpjpus.  Only  two  thousand  men  remained  out  of  the  whole  Roman 
army.  Regulus  himself  was  captured  and  thrown  into  prison  .  After- 
wards he  was  sent  to  Rome  to  consult  about  an  exchange  of  prisoners, 
after  giving  an  oath  that  he  would  return  to  Carthage  if  he  did  not 
effect  his  object.  When  he  had  arrived  at  Rome,  he  explained  his 
orders  before  the  senate,  but  said  that  he  was  no  longer  a  senator, 
since  he  had  fallen  into  the  power  of  the  enemy.  Being  ordered  how- 
ever to  give  his  opinion,  he  said  that  the  Carthaginian  prisoners  ought 
not  to  be  restored,  since  they  were  youths,  but  he  himself  was  worn 
out  with  old  age.  The  captives  were  therefore,  07i  his  recommenda- 
tion, retained.  Then  Regulus  returned  to  Carthage,  although  he  knew 
that  he  was  going  to  a  most  cruel  enemy  and  dreadful  punishment, 
for  he  thought  his  oath  should  be  kept.  It  is  well  known  that  he  was 
put  to  death  at  Carthage  with  every  kind  of  torment. 

under  the  leadership  of  Xanthippus,  Xanthippus  being  leader. 

to,  in  order  to.    an  exchange,  exchan<jing,  gerundive. 

his  object,  ivhat  he  loished  {subj. ). 

on  his  recommendation,  he  being  the  proposer  (auctor). 


Exercise  247, 

Marcus  Brutus,  knowing  the  wish  of  the  Roman  people,  conspired 
against  Caesar.  Porcia,  his  wife,  being  aware  of  his  plan,  wounded 
herself  with  a  knife,  as  if  by  accident.  Brutus  was  summoned  to 
his  wife's  chamber  by  the  shrieks  of  the  maids.  Porcia  said  to  him 
secretly,  '  I  did  not  wound  myself  by  accident,  but  on  purpose,  my 
dear  Brutus  ;  for  I  wished  to  try  whether  I  had  enough  courage  to 
meet  death,  if  your  plan  did  not  succeed.'  Hearing  these  words,  Brutus 
is  said  to  have  raised  his  hands  and  eyes  to  heaven,  and  to  have  ex- 
claimed, '  Would  that  I  could  seem  worthy  of  such  a  wife  !' 

to  meet,  that  I  might  meet. 

hearing  these  words,  these  words  having  been  Iteard. 


248-250]  Exercises.  151 


Exercise  248. 

Octavianus  fought  in  a  naval  battle  with  Antonius  off  Actium, 
which  is  a  place  in  Epirus  ;  he  conquered  Antonius  and  pursued  him 
to  Egy|)t,  and  having  besieged  Alexandria,  whither  Antonius  and 
Cleopatra  had  betaken  themselves,  he  got  possession  of  it  in  a  short 
time.  Then  Antonius,  having  taken  his  seat  on  the  royal  throne 
crowned  with  the  diadem,  killed  himself  with  his  sword.  But 
Cleopatra,  whom  Octavianus  greatly  desired  to  be  taken  alive,  and 
kept  for  his  triumph,  ordered  a  snake  to  be  brought  to  her  in  a  basket 
among  some  figs,  and  with  her  own  hand  applied  it  to  her  ann.  When 
Octavianus  heard  this,  he  ordered  the  physicians  to  apply  remedies  to 
the  wound.  The  physicians  used  all  their  arts  in  vain  ;  Cleopatra 
soon  died.     She  was  then  buried  together  with  Antonius. 

which,  to  agree  with  ^  aipUxce^^  instead  of  with  Actium,  its  antecedent; 
this  is  called  attraction,    having  taken  his  seat,  when  he  had  sat. 


Exercise  249. 

When  Augustus  was  entering  Eome,  after  the  war  with  Antonius,  a 
certain  artisan  met  him,  among  those  who  were  congratulating  him, 
carrying  a  raven,  which  he  had  tiiught  to  say  these  words  :  '  Hail, 
victorious  Caesar,  Emperor.'  Augustus  wondering  at  the  bird  bought 
it  for  a  large  price.  The  companion  of  the  artisan,  who  had  received 
nothing,  told  Augustus,  that  the  latter  had  also  another  raven,  wliich 
he  begged  might  be  produced.  The  raven  being  brought,  uttered  the 
words  which  it  had  learnt,  *Hail,  victorious  Antonius,  Emperor.' 
Augustus  only  laughed,  and  ordered  the  teacher  of  the  ravens  to 
divide  his  reward  with  his  companion.  He  is  also  said  to  have  bought 
a  parrot,  which  had  in  like  manner  saluted  him. 

the  latter,  hie.     might  be  produced,  indirect  command* 

Exercise  250. 

Incited  by  this  example,  a  certain  cobbler  trained  a  raven  to  a  like 
salutation,  but  since  it  learned  slowly,  he  used  often  to  say  to  the  bird, 
'  My  trouble  and  expense  is  lost.'  At  length  the  raven  began  to  pro- 
duce the  desired  salutation,  hearing  which,  while  passing  by,  Augustus 
replied,  '  I  have  enough  of  such  saluters  at  home.'  Then  the  raven 
added  those  words,  with  which  it  was  wont  to  hear  its  master  com- 
plaining, '  My  trouble  and  expense  is  lost.'  At  this  Augustus  laughed, 
and  ordered  the  bird  to  be  bought  at  a  very  gi-eat  price, 
passing,  he  passes  by. 


152  Substantival  Clauses.  [251-253 


Exercise  251. 

The  brother  of  a  very  celebrated  actor  used  to  ask  daily,  *  Did  my 
dear  brother  want  me  ? '  At  last  the  actor  died.  Soon  afterwards  his 
brother  died  also.  Some  asked  why  he  had  died  so  soon  after  the 
death  of  his  brother.  It  was  answered,  'that  his  brother  wanted 
him.' 

did  my  brother  want  ?  was  there  need  (opus)  to  my  brother  ? 


Exercise  252. 

They  say  that  bears  use  wonderful  stratagems  in  order  to  catch 
deer,  for  they  are  not  able  to  catch  them  by  running,  since  they  are 
much  swifter.  The  deer  love  to  feed  at  the  bottom  of  mountains. 
The  bear  pursues  them  by  scent  until  he  sees  them.  They  say  that  he 
then  ascends  the  rocks  cautiously,  and  when  he  has  arrived  at  the 
summit,  that  he  pushes  down  rocks  at  them.  Sometimes  one  of  the 
deer  is  wounded  by  the  rock,  and  then  the  bear  descends  and 
seizes  it. 

to  catch,  that  they  may  catch,     at  the  bottom  of  mountains, 
at  the  bottom  mountains,    at,  in. 


Exercise  253. 

Greece  was  saved  by  one  man — Themistocles.  The  generals  of  the 
other  Grecian  states  admitted  this,  when  they  assembled  to  assign  the 
prizes  of  wisdom  and  valour.  Upon  the  altar  of  Poseidon  at  Corinth  each 
general  placed  a  ticket,  on  which  was  written  the  names  of  those 
whom  he  considered  worthy  of  the  first  and  second  prizes.  But  vanity  and 
love  of  self  were  defeated  in  this.  Each  commander  had  written  that 
he  was  worthy  of  the  first  prize  ;  but  the  greater  part  had  said  that 
Themistocles  was  worthy  of  the  second.  Themistocles  also  received 
from  the  Spartans  splendid  prizes.  He  was  presented  with  a  crown, 
and  the  most  splendid  chariot  which  the  city  could  afford. 

to,  ad,  followed  by  gerundive,    of  self,  m.i.    most  splendid,  to  go  in 
the  adjectival  clause  in  agreement  ivith  the  relative. 


254-256]  Exercises.  153 


Exercise  254. 

Quintus  Fabius,  in  his  old  age,  was  an  oflficer  in  the  army  of  his  son, 

who  had  been  made  consul.     When  he  was  coming  into  camp  his  son 

went  out  to  meet  him ;  twelve  lictors,  according  to  custom,  preceded  him. 

The  old  man  was  riding  on  horseback,  nor  did  he  dismount  from  his  horse 

at  the  approach  of  the  consul.     Already  eleven  lictors  had  passed  by 

i7i  silence.     When  the  consul  had  perceived  this,  he  ordered  the  last 

lictor  to  call  to  his  father  Fabius,  to  dismount  from  his  horse.    Fabius, 

then  dismounting,  said,  '  I  did  not  despise  your  authority,  my  son,  but 

I  wished  to  see  i/  you  knew  (how)  to  act  the  consul' 

in  his  old  age,  an  old  man.     at  the  approach  of  the  consul,  the  consul 

approaching,     in  silence,  silently,     to  dismount,  indirect  command, 

if,  imm. 

Exercise  255. 

Menenius  Agrippa  restored  concord  between  the  patricians  and  the 
people.  For  when  the  people  revolted  from  the  patricians,  Agrippa, 
an  eloquent  man,  was  sent  to  the  people.  Being  brought  into  their 
camp,  he  is  said  to  have  spoken  thus  :  '  Once  upon  a  time  the  limbs, 
since  they  saw  the  belly  idle,  revolted  from  it,  and  conspired  that  the 
hands  should  not  bring  food  to  the  mouth,  and  that  the  teeth  should 
not  chew  the  food.  But,  while  they  tried  to  overcome  the  belly,  they 
themselves  became  weak,  and  the  whole  body  became  ill.  Hence  it 
appeared  that  the  belly  was  of  use,  and  that  it  sent  the  food  through 
all  the  limbs  ;  therefore  the  revolt  ceased.'  The  senate  and  the 
people  then  made  peace,  and  returned  to  the  city. 

that — not,  ne.     and  that  not,  neu.    of  use,  for  a  use. 

Exercise  256. 

Hannibal,  the  admiral  of  the  Carthaginian  fleet,  leaped  into  a  boat 
and  escaped  from  the  hands  of  the  Romans.  Fearing,  however,  lest  he 
should  suffer  ])unishment  for  the  loss  of  the  fleet,  he  sent  one  of  his 
friends  to  Carthage  before  the  news  of  the  disaster  had  reached  home. 
He,  entering  the  senate-house,  said,  *  Hannibal  asks  you,  should  he 
fight  with  the  Romans?'  The  whole  senate  exclaimed,  *  There  is 
no  doubt  hut  that  he  should  fight!'  Then  said  he,  'He  did  so,  and 
was  conquered.'  So  they  were  not  able  to  condemn  him,  because  they 
liad  ordered  him  to  fight.  Thus  Hannibal  escaped  the  penalty  of  the 
gallows,  for  with  this  kind  of  punishment  a  defeated  general  was 
visited  among  the  Carthaginians. 

admiral,  leader,    sufier,  give,    should  he  fight,  indirect  qtiestion  intrO' 
duced  by  *iuim.^    but  that,  quin,  with  sid)j.     so,  this. 


154  Substantival  Clauses.  [257-259 


Exercise  257. 
Antisthenes  u&&d  to  exhort  his  disciples  to  pay  attention  to  wisdom. 
Few  obeyed  him  ;  therefore  he  dismissed  them  all.     Among  these  was 
Diogenes  ;  and  when  he,  stirred  with  great  desire  for  learning,  used  to 
keep  coming  to  Antisthenes,  and  would  not  go  away,  Antisthenes  at 
length  threatened  that  he  would  beat  his  head  with  the  stick  which  he 
used  to  carry  in  his  hand.     Diogenes  did  not  go  away,  but  said, 
'  Strike  if  you  wish  ;  I  will  offer  you  my  head.     You  will  not  find  a 
stick  so  hard  as  to  drive  me  away  from  your  school.'    It  is  well  known 
that  Antisthenes  at  length  admitted  a  pupil  so  desirous  of  learning,  and 
loved  him  greatly, 
used  to  exhort,  imperfect,     to  pay,  to  give,     for  learning,  of  learning^ 
gerund,    and — not,  neque.    as  to  drive,  which  may  drive  ;  which  =  that  it. 

Exercise  258. 
Phocion,  when  condemned  to  death,  bore  himself  bravely.  When 
some  wretched  man  spat  on  him  while  going  to  prison,  *  Will  no  one,' 
said  he,  'check  this  fellow's  indecency?'  To  one  who  asked  him 
whether  he  had  any  message  to  leave  to  his  son  Phocus,  he  answered, 
*  Let  him  not  be  angry  with  the  Athenians.'  And  when  the  hemlock 
which  had  been  prepared  seemed  to  be  insufficient  for  all  the  con- 
demned, and  the  jailer  said  that  he  would  not  give  more  unless 
money  was  paid  to  him  ;  '  Give  the  man  his  money,'  said  Phocion  to 
one  of  his  friends,  *  since  at  Athens  one  cannot  even  die  without 
money.' 

to  death,  of  the  head,     going,  he  was  going,     whether,  num. 

said  that  he  would  not  give,  denied  that  he  would  give. 

one  cannot  even  die,  it  is  not  lawful  even  to  die  ; — the  emphatic 
word  to  go  between  '  ne '  and  '  quidem. ' 

Exe7'cise  259. 

The  king  prepared  a  large  fleet,  for  he  had  determined  to  prevent 
the  enemy  from  assisting  the  city  which  he  intended  to  besiege.  Then 
he  ordered  a  fort  to  be  built,  by  which  he  hoped  to  guard  the  ap- 
proaches of  the  harbour.  After  losing  much  money  and  time,  the  fort 
seemed  to  be  so  badly  built  that  he  was  obliged  to  abandon  it  ;  and 
though  he  had  collected  a  large  army,  he  was  not  able  to  effect  any- 
thing great.  He  indeed  made  an  incursion  into  the  region  which 
used  to  give  supplies  to  the  garrison  of  the  city,  and  laid  it  waste 
with  fire  and  sword.  One  of  his  knights  was  wounded  in  a  wonderful 
way.  A  lance  struck  his  head  between  his  eye  and  nose  ;  and 
although  the  lance  was  broken  and  the  head  of  it  remained  in  the 
wound,  he  was  not  thrown  from  his  horse  by  so  violent  a  wound,  and 
the  head  of  the  lance  being  extracted  by  a  skilful  surgeon,  he  after- 
wards was  cured. 

from  assisting,  lest  they  should  assist,    after  losing,  when  he  had  lost. 


260-262]  '    Exercises.  155 


Exercise  260. 
A^  Polycarp  stood  in  the  theatre  at  Smyrna,  the  multitude  around 
him  crying  out  that  he  despised  the  gods,  the  Roman  proconsul,  pity- 
ing his  old  age,  begged  him  to  pronounce  the  words  which  should 
show  that  he  trusted  the  old  gods  and  abhorred  the  Christian  faith. 
'  Swear  by  the  fortune  of  Caesar  ;  cry.  Death  to  those  who  do  not 
believe  that  there  are  gods.'  Those  who  tell  the  story  of  his  death 
say  that  Polycarp,  on  hearing  this,  looked  with  a  severe  countenance 
at  the  crowd  who  were  filling  the  theatre  with  their  voices,  and  cast- 
ing up  his  eyes  to  heaven,  said,  'Death  to  those  wlu)  do  not  believe 
there  is  a  God.'  Thus  he  said  the  one  thing  but  omitted  the  other. 
The  Romans  took  it  ill,  and  he  was  burnt. 

as,  when,     casting  up,  raising,     took,  bore. 

Exercise  261. 
A  peasant  on  the  point  of  death,  since  he  was  not  able  to  leave 
riches  to  his  sons,  desired  to  rouse  their  minds  to  the  desire  of  diligent 
cultivation  of  the  fields  and  to  earnest  labour.  He  therefore  sum- 
moned them  to  him  and  addressed  them  thus,  '  My  sons,  you  see  how 
my  property  stands  ;  but  you  must  seek  in  my  vineyard  the  money 
which  I  have  saved  during  my  life.'  After  saying  this  the  old  man 
died.  The  sons,  thinking  that  their  father  had  hidden  a  treasure  in 
the  vineyard,  take  their  spades,  and  dig  up  the  whole  soil  of  the 
vineyard.  They  indeed  find  no  treasure,  but  by  digging  the  soil  they 
made  it  so  fertile  that  the  vines  bore  fruit  most  abundantly. 

on  the  point  of  death,  about  to  die. 

stands,  lias  itself;  indirect  question,     you  must  seek,  fat.  imp. 

during,  per.     after  saying  this,  these  things  having  been  said. 

by  digging,  gerund. 

Exercise  262. 
Tyler,  having  ordered  his  companions  to  retire  until  he  should  give 
them  a  signal,  dared  to  come  into  the  midst  of  the  king's  attendants. 
He  then  behaved  in  such  a  way  that  the  mayor  of  the  city  was  not 
able  to  bear  his  impertinence.  He  drew  his  sword  and  struck  him  so 
heavily  that  he  fell  on  the  ground,  where  he  was  immediately  de- 
spatched by  the  soldiers.  The  conspirators,  seeing  the  death  ot  their 
leader,  determined  to  revenge  themselves  ;  and  the  soldiers  with  the 
king  would  have  been  killed  immediately,  unless  the  king  had  seen 
what  ought  to  be  done.  He  ordered  his  companions  to  stop  ;  he 
advanced  alone  towards  the  angry  crowd,  and  addressing  them  witli  a 
kind  and  fearless  countenance,  asked  them  why  they  had  made  such  a 
tumult.  *Are  you  angry,  my  friends,'  said  he,  'because  you  have 
lost  your  leader  ?    I  am  your  king  :  I  will  be  your  leader.' 

behaved,  bore  himself,     in  such  a  way,  ita. 

would  have  been,  it  would  have  been  that  (futurumjuisset  tit). 

what  ought,  indirect  question. 


156  Substantival  Clauses.  [263-265 


Exercise  263. 

When  the  Gauls  had  pitched  their  camp  near  the  river,  the  Koman 
army  set  out  from  the  city  and  halted  on  the  near  side  of  the  river. 
A  Gaul  of  huge  stature  advanced  to  the  middle  of  the  bridge,  and 
exclaimed  with  a  loud  voice,  Will  any  Roman  fight  with  me,  that  the 
result  may  show  which  nation  is  best  in  war  ?  For  a  long  time  there 
was  silence  among  the  Eoman  chiefs.  Then  Titus  ManHus  approached 
the  general  and  said,  '  If  you  allow  me,  I  wish  to  show  this  beast  that 
I  am  descended  from  the  family  which  hurled  the  Gauls  from  the 
Tarpeian  rock.'  To  whom  the  general  replied,  '  I  give  you  permission  ; 
advance  and  fight  bravely  for  yoitr  country.' 

the  middle  of  the  bridge,  the  middle  bridge,     is  best,  indirect  question. 
this  beast,  dative  of  remoter  object. 

Exercise  264. 

Then  his  companions  arm  the  youth.  He  takes  his  shield  and 
sword.  The  Gaul  awaited  him  joyfully,  sticking  out  his  tongue  in 
mockery.  When  they  stood  between  the  two  lines  of  battle  the 
Gaul  struck  the  shield  of  Manlius  with  his  sword  with  a  loud  noise. 
But  Manlius  thrust  himself  between  the  arms  and  body  of  the  Gaul, 
and  pierced  him  with  his  sword.  From  him  as  he  lay  he  took  his 
collar,  which  he  put  round  his  own  neck.  The  Romans  joyfully 
received  their  soldier,  and  brought  him  to  the  general.  It  is  well 
known  that  Manlius  received  the  name  of  Torquatus  on  account  of 
this  exploit. 

in,  per.     his  own  neck,  dative  of  remoter  object. 

Exercise  265. 

The  same  Manlius,  being  afterwards  made  consul,  in  the  Latin  war, 
in  order  to  restore  military  discipline,  ordered  that  no  one  should  leave 
his  station  to  fight.  By  chance  his  son  had  approached  the  camp  of 
the  enemy  ;  he  who  commanded  the  Latin  cavalry,  when  he  recognised 
the  consul's  son,  said,  '  Will  you  fight  with  me,  that  the  result  may 
show  how  much  a  Latin  horseman  excels  a  Roman  ? '  Forgetful  of  the 
general's  order,  the  youth  rushes  to  the  conflict,  and  slays  the  Latin. 
Having  collected  the  spoils,  he  returns  to  his  father.  The  consul  at 
once  summons  the  troops  with  the  trumpet ;  then  he  addresses  his 
son  as  follows  :  ^  Since  thou,  my  son,  hast  not  obeyed  the  order  of  the 
consul,  it  behoves  you  to  restore  discipline  by  punishment.  Go,  lictor, 
bind  him  to  the  stake.'  His  head  was  then  cut  off  by  the  lictor  with 
an  axe.  It  is  well  known  that  only  the  old  men  went  out  to  meet 
Manlius  when  he  was  returning  home  ;  he  was  always  afterwards 
hated  by  the  youth. 

at  no  one,  ne  quis,  lit.  lest  any  one.     to,  ut.     how  much,  quanturi. 
excels,  indirect  question. 


^cc-267]  Exercises.  157 


Exercise  266. 

There  was  at  Corinth  a  great  quantity  of  st^^tues  and  valuable 
pictures,  with  which  Mummius,  the  Roman  general,  ajUr  the  capture 
of  Corinth,  filled  Rome  and  the  whole  of  Italy,  but  took  nothing  to 
his  own  house.  Mummius,  however,  was  so  ignorant  of  these  things, 
that  when  he  sent  the  pictures  to  Rome  he  warned  the  sailors  that, 
if  they  lost  them,  they  would  have  to  restore  new  ones.  One  of  the 
pictures,  the  work  of  a  celebrated  painter,  was  used  by  some  soldiers 
who  were  playing  hazard,  for  a  board.  This  picture,  when  the  plunder 
was  being  sold,  was  bought  by  king  Attains  for  a  large  price. 
Mummius  wondering  at  the  price,  ordered  it  to  be  sent  to  Rome. 

after  the  capture  of  Corinth,  after  Corinth  taken*    whole  of,  totus. 
that  they  would  have,  that  it  behoved  them. 
was  used  by  some  soldiers,  some  soldiers  used. 
hazard,  accusative,  used  adverbially  ;  to  play,  being  intransitive,  does 
not  govern  any  case,     for,  pi'o. 


Exercise  267. 

When  the  two  armies  stood  ready,  and  were  just  going  to  begin 
the  battle,  a  hind  came  running  down  from  the  mountains  between  the 
lines  of  battle,  with  a  she-ivolf  in  chase  of  her.  She  ran  in  among  the 
ranks  of  the  Gauls,  who  transfixed  her  with  their  javelins.  But  the 
she-wolf  ran  towards  the  Romans,  who  immediately  made  way  for  her, 
thinking  that  this  was  the  beast  which  had  fed  with  its  milk  the  founder 
of  their  city,  and  whose  image  they  had  set  up  the  year  before  under  the 
very  fig-tree  where,  as  it  had  been  related,  the  miracle  had  been.  *See,' 
cried  one  of  the  soldiers,  *  the  barbarians  have  slain  Diana's  sacred 
hind,  and  she  will  punish  them  ;  but  the  Roman  she-wolf,  unhurt  by 
spear  or  sword,  gives  us  a  good  omen  of  victory,  and  orders  us  to 
remember  Mars  and  our  founder  Romulus.'  So  the  Roman  soldiers, 
encouraged  as  if  by  a  sign  from  the  gods,  attacked  the  enemy 
joyfully. 

going  to  begin,  fid.  part,     with  a  she-wolf  in  chase  of  her,  whom 
aaJie-wolf  was  pursuing,    very,  ipse. 


158  Substantival  Clauses.  [268-269 


Exercise  268. 

In  Italy  there  was  a  physician  who  used  to  receive  lunatics  into  his 
house,  and  in  order  to  cure  them  used  to  order  them  to  stand  in  a 
pond,  some  uj)  to  the  knees,  others  up  to  the  chin,  in  proportion  to 
their  madness.  One  of  these  lunatics,  who  was  pretty  ivell  recovered, 
was  standing  one  day  at  the  door  of  the  house,  and  seeing  a  huntsman 
ride  by  with  his  hawks  and  hounds,  he  asked  him  what  he  was  going 
to  do.  The  huntsman  answered,  'I  am  going  to  hunt'  'At what  price 
do  you  value  the  animals  which  you  catch  in  a  year?'  asked  the 
lunatic.  *  About  two  hundred  pence,'  replied  the  huntsman.  '  And 
what  is  the  cost  of  your  horse,  dogs,  and  hawks?'  'About  two 
thousand  pence,'  answered  the  other.  On  hearing  this,  the  lunatic 
besought  the  huntsman  to  go  away  as  quickly  as  possible  if  he  valued 
his  liberty  highly,  and  said  that  the  physician  would  compel  him  to 
stand  in  the  pond  up  to  his  chin  if  he  found  him  there. 

up  to,  as  far  as.     in  proportion  to,  for  {pro.),     pretty  well,  admodum. 
to  hunt,  supine  in  um.     at  what  price,  quanti.     what  is  the  cost 
of,  at  what  price  .  .  .  stand  to  you.     as  quickly  as  possible, 
quam  celerrime. 


Exercise  269. 

Among  the  friends  of  Augustus  was  Mecenas,  a  Roman  knight, 
whom  he  loved  greatly,  and  who  always  so  used  the  favour  he  had 
with  the  Emperor  as  to  benefit  all  whom  he  could,  and  injure  no  one. 
His  skill  was  very  great  in  softening  the  temper  of  Augustus  when 
he  saw  him  incited  by  anger.  Augustus  was  once  pronouncing 
justice,  and  seemed  likely  to  condemn  many  men  to  death.  Mecenas, 
who  was  present,  tried  to  approach  the  Emperor  through  the  crowd  ; 
being  unable  to  do  this,  he  wrote  on  a  tablet  these  words,  '  Rise,  I 
pray,  butcher,'  and  threw  the  tablet  to  Augustus.  When  he  had 
read  it,  Augustus  at  once  stood  up,  and  no  one  was  condemned  to 
death. 

as,  ut.     he  could,  subj. ,  because  no  one  in  particular  is  meant ;  the 

ind.  is  the  mood  of  fact,  the  subjunctive  the  mood  of  possibility. 
softening,  gerund,     likely  to  condemn,  fat.  part. 
to  death,  of  the  head,     being  unable,  since  he  was  not  able. 
I  praj'',  tandem,     and  no  one,  neque  quisquam. 


270]  Exercises.  150 


Exercise  270. 

Lucilins  was  held  by  all  so  wise,  that  if  any  one  had  anything  to 
ash  he  always  consulted  him,  and  often  gave  large  sums  of  money  that 
he  might  be  admitted.  Once  there  came  a  stranger,  who  said  he  was 
cleverer  than  any  one  else,  and  promised  that  if  a  large  reward  were 
fjiven  to  the  conqueror,  he  would  engage  with  Lucilius  in  a  contest  of 
wisdom.  Lucilius  won  easily  in  the  following  way.  He  told  the 
stranger  that  a  worm  once  climbed  up  a  stalk  ten  feet  high.  It  moved 
so  slowly  that  each  day  it  only  ascended  three  feet,  and  slipped  down 
two  feet  at  night.  The  stranger  said,  *  Each  day  it  is  higher  by  one 
foot  than  the  day  before.'  '  Certainly,'  said  Lucilius,  '  but  in  how 
many  days  will  it  anive  at  the  top  of  the  stalk  V  'In  ten  days,'  said 
the  stranger.  Then  Lucilius  said,  *  In  seven  days  it  has  climbed 
seven  feet,  and  since  it  ascends  three  feet  daily,  can  you  deny  that  it 
reaches  the  top  of  the  stalk  on  the  eighth  day?'  The  stranger  paid 
the  money  and  departed. 

to  ask,  which  he  wished  to  ash.    else,  aUu8. 
were  given,  should  be  given. 


LATIN-ENGLISH    VOCABULARY. 


ABBREVIATIONS  USED. 


abl.,  ablative. 
ace,  accusative. 
adj.,  adjective. 
adv.,  adverb. 

c.  abl. ,  c.  ace. ,  etc. ,  7vith  abla- 
tive, ivith  accusative,  etc. 
c,  commoti  gender. 
conj.,  conjunction. 
dat.,  dative. 
def.,  defective. 


dep. ,  deponent. 
distrib. ,  distributive. 
{.  /ewinine. 
gen.,  genitive. 
iinpers. ,  impersonal. 
indcl.,  indeclinable. 
intrans.,  ititransitive. 
m.,  masculine. 
n.,  neuter. 
num. ,  numeral. 


part. ,  participle. 
pas.s. ,  passible. 
pi.,  plur. ,  plural. 
prep.,  preposition. 
pron.,  pronoun, 
•pxo'nom.,  pronominal. 
sing.,  singular. 
subst.,  substantive. 
trans. ,  transitive. 


The  Conjugation  of  a  Verb  is  denoted  by  a  figure  placed  after  it. 


A,  ab,  aba,  prep. /rom,  hy  (c.  a6Z.)  I 
abdico,  1,  to  resign,  abdicate.  j 

abeo,  ii,  itum,  4,  to  go  away. 
absolvo,    vi,    utum,    3,    to    acquit,  \ 

finish. 
absum,  fui,  ease,  to  he  absent,  at  a 

distance. 
absilmo,  aumpsi,   aumptum,    3,    to 

take  away,  spend,  destroy. 
accipio,  cepi,  ceptum,  3,  to  accept, 

receive,  get  (capio). 
acclplter,  tris,  m.  a  hawTc. 
acer,  acris,  acre,  adj.  sharp,  keen, 

active. 
Achaia,    ae,    f.    a  jvovince   in  the 

Peloponnesus. 
Sciea,  ei,  f.  an  edge,  line  of  battle, 

battle. 
Actium,  i,  n.   Actium,  a  promon- 
tory in  North  Greece. 
ad,  prep,  to,  at,   by,  off,  toioards, 

against  {c.  ace.) 
adhaereo,  haesi,  haesum,  2,  to  be 

attached  to,  adjoin. 
adhuc,  adv.  hitherto,  as  yet. 
adimo,    emi,    emptum,    3,   to    take 

aivay  (emo). 
adlpiscor,  adeptus,  3,  dep.  to  obtain. 
admTnistro,  1,  to  manage. 
B.L.W. 


admitto,  misi,  miaaurn,  3,  to  commit. 
admOneo,  ui,  itum,  2,  to  remind, 

warn. 
•cidOlescens,  ntia,  m.  a  youth. 
adsiim,  fui,  esse,  to  be  present. 
advgnio,   veni,   ventum,   4,   to  ap- 
proach, arrive  at. 
adversus,  prep,  against,  opposite  to. 
aedes,  is,  f.  a  temple;  in  plur.  a 

house. 
aedlfico,  1,  to  build  (aedes-facio). 
Aedui,  orum,  m.  the  Aedui  {a  people 

of  Italy). 
AegyptiuSj  a,  um,  adj.  Egyptian. 
Aegyptus,  i,  f.  Egypt. 
Aemllius,  i,  m.  Aeniilius. 
Aequi,  orum,  m.  the  Aequi  {a people 

of  Italy). 
aequus,  a,  um,  adj.  calm, fair,  equal. 
aer,  6ris,  m.  the  air. 
aestas,  atis,  f.  summer. 
aestlmo,  1,  to  value. 
aetas,  atis,  f,  age. 
affero,   atttlli,  alliitum,  aflerre,  tc 

bring  to,  cau.^e,  announce. 
Africa,  ae,  f.  Africa. 
Afrlcanus,  a,  um,  African  {the  title 

of  honour  bestowed  on  the  Scipios), 
ager,  gri,  m.  a  fields  territory. 
L 


16! 


Latin-English  Vocabulary. 


agrfcOla,  ae,  m.  a  peasant. 
Agrippina,  ae,  f.  Agrippina. 
Alba,    ae,    f.    Alba    {a    town    in 

Lat'ium). 
Alexander,  dri,  m.  Alexander. 
alienus,  a,  um,    adj.    belongbifj  to 

another  ;  aes  alienum,  debt. 
aliquis,  qua,  quid,  j  ^^^^ 

aiiqui,  quae,  quod,  )    ^ 

one,  any  one  (alius — quis). 
aliquot,  indcl.  some,  several  (alius- 

quot). 
alius,   a,   ud,  pronom.    adj.   other, 

another;  alius — alius,  one,another. 
alter,  6ra,  6riim,  pronom.  adj.  the 

other ;  alter — alter,  the  one,    the 

other. 
altus,  a,  um,  adj.  high,  deep. 
amabllis,  e,  adj.  lovable  (amo). 
ambo,  ae,  o,  adj.  both. 
ambtilo,  1,  to  walk. 
amicltia,  ac,  f .  friendship  (amo). 
amicus,  i,  m.  a  friend. 
amitto,   misi,  missum,   3,   to  send 

away,  lose, 
amo,  1,  to  love. 
amor,  oris,  m.  love. 
amplector,     plexus,     3,     dep,     to 

embrace. 
an,  conj.  or. 
anas,  atis,  f.  a  duch. 
anceps,  cipltis,  adj.  donhf/td. 
ango,  xi,  ctum,  3,  to  grieve,  torture. 
anguis,  ia,  c.  a  snaJce. 
animal,  alis,  n.  an  animal. 
animus,   i,    m.    spirit,    disposition, 

courage. 
anntllus,  i,  m.  a  ring. 
annon,  conj.  or  not. 
annus,  i,  m.  a  year. 
ante,  adv.  and  prep,  be/ore  (c.  ace. ) 
antepono,    p5sui,    pSsitum,    3,    to 

place  before,  prefer. 
antlquus,  a,  um,  adj.  ancient. 
Antonius,  i,  m.  Antonius. 
antrum,  i,  n.  a  cave,  den. 
aper,  pri,  m.  a  ivild  boar. 
apgrio,  riii,  rtum,  4,  to  open. 
appareo,  ui,  2,  to  appear,  come  in 

sight,  be  manifest. 


apud,  prep,  at,  tvith,  among,  at  the 

house  of,  before  (c.  ace.) 
aqua,  ae,  f.  water. 
arbor.  5ris,  f.  a  tree. 
ardeo,  si,  sum,  2,  to  bnm,  be  on  fire. 
area,  ae,  f.  a  threshing -fioor. 
argentum,  i,  n.  silver. 
arma,  orum,  n.  arms,  armour. 
armlger,  6ri,  m.  an  armx)ur-bearer. 
ars,  tis,  f.  art,  skill. 
artlfex,  ficis,  c.  an  artist,  roorhman 

(ars-facio). 
arx,  cis,  f.  a  citadel. 
as,  sis,  m.  a  pound,  an  as  {a  Roman 

coin). 
Asia,  ae,  f.  Asia. 
aspecto,  1,  to  look  on,  at. 
ater,    tra,    trum,    adj.    jet    black, 

deadly. 
Athenae,  arum,  f.  Athens. 
Attica,  ae,  f.  Attica, 
atrox,  ocis,  Sid].  fierce,  warlike. 
audeo,  sus  sum,  2,  dep.  to  da7-e. 
audio,  ivi  or  ii,  itum,  4,  to  hear. 
aufgro,  abstiili,  ablatum,   auferre, 

to  carry  off. 
aureus,  a,  um,  adj.  golden, 
aurum,  i,  n.  gold. 
aut,  conj.  or;  aut — ant,  either — or. 
auxilium,  i,  n.  help. 
avidus,  a,  um,  adj.  eager,  greedy. 
avis,  is,  f.  a  bird. 
avus,  i,  m.  a  grandfather,  ancestor. 


Babylon,  onis,  f.  Babylon. 

Balbus,  i,  m.  Bcdhus. 

barba,  ae,  f.  a  beard. 

barburus,    a,   um, .  adj.   barbarous, 

foreign. 
Belga,  ae,  m.  a  Belgian. 
bellum,  i,  n.  war. 
belua,  ae,  f.  a  beast,  monster. 
bestia,  ae,  f.  a  beast. 
bSnS,  adv.  loell. 

bibo,  bibl,  bibltum,  3,  to  drink. 
biduum,  i,  n.  a  space  [of  tioo  days 

(bis-dies). 
biennium,  i,  n.  a  space  of  tivo  years 

(bis-annus). 


Latin-English  Vocabulary. 


1C3 


bini,  ae,  a,  distrib.  mim.  two  each, 

two  at  a  time, 
Boeotia,  ae,  f.  Boebfia. 
b6nus,  a,  uin,  adj.  good. 
boa,  bftvis,  c.  an  ox  or  C020. 
brfvis,  e,  adj.  fihort. 
Britanni,  onim,  m.  the  Britons. 
Britannia,  ae,  f.  Britain. 


Cado,  c6ddi,  casiim,  3,  tofidl. 

caedes,  is,  f.  slaughter. 

caeraleus,  a,  urn,  adj.  dark  line  or 
green. 

Caesar,  ftris,  m.  Caemr. 

Caius,  i,  m.  Cains. 

Cftmillus,  i,  m.  CamiUiis. 

Cilnis,  is,  c.  a  dog. 

Cannensis,  e,  adj.  of  Cannae  {a 
toion  in  Sovth  Italy). 

Cilno,  cCcIni,  cantum,  3,  to  sing. 

canto,  1,  to  sing. 

capillus,  i,  m.  a  hair. 

Citpio,  cGpi,  captum,  3,  to  catch,  seize-. 

Capltolium,  i,  n.  the  Capitol  {one  of 
the  seven  hills  of  Rome). 

captlvus,  a,  um,  adj.  captive, 

Cftpua,  ae,  f.  Capua. 

c;\put,  Itis,  u,  a  head,  capital;  capitis 
damnare  or  condemnare,  to  con- 
demn to  death. 

career,  6ris,  m.  a  prison. 

carmen,  inis,  n.  a  song. 

cftro,  camis,  f.  flesh,  meat. 

Carthago,  Inis,  f.  Carthage  [a  town 
in  North  Africa). 

ciinis,  a,  ura,  adj.  dear. 

caseus,  i,  m.  cheese. 

castra,  Grum,  n.  a  camj). 

ciltella,  ae,  f.  a  pupinj. 

Catllina,  ae,  m.  CatiUna. 

caiissa,  ae,  f.  a  cause,  suit. 

cedo,  cessi,  cessum,  3,  to  go  aicay, 
yield,  grant. 

cfileriter,  adv.  quickly. 

celo,  1,  to  conceal. 

censeo,  \\\,  2,  to  think. 

centum,  indecl.  num.  a  hundred. 

centrtrio,  onis,  m.  a  centurion,  cap- 
tain (centum). 


Ceres,  r-ris,  f.  Ceres. 

certo,  1.  to  strive,  contend. 

certus,  a,  um,  B.A}.sure,flj:ed,  certain. 

cervus,  i,  m.  a  stag. 

Chaldaei,  orum,  m.  the  Chaldaeans, 

clbus,  i,  m.  food. 

Cicero,  onis,  m.  Cicero. 

Cincinnatus,  i,  m.  Cincinnatus. 

cinis,  gris,  m.  ashes,  cinders. 

circa,     circum,     adv.     and    prep. 

around,  about  (c.  ace.) 
circumsto,  st6ti,  statum,  1,  to  stand 

round. 
citra,  prep,  on  thi^  side  of  (c.  ace.) 
civis,  is,  c.  a  citizen. 
civitas,  atis,  f.  a  state. 
clam,  adv.  secretly ;  prep,  without 

the  knoivledge  of  (c.  ohl.) 
clilrus,    a,  um,   adj.   bright,  char. 

renowned. 
classis,  is,  f.  a  fleet. 
Claudia,  ae,  f.  Claudia. 
coepi,  def.,  to  begin. 
coglto,  1,  to  think,  reflect. 
cognomen,  Inis,  n,  a  surname. 
cognosco,  novi,  nitum,  3,  toj^erceive, 

knotc,  recogni.fe. 
cogo,  coegi,  coactum,  3,  to  comj)el, 

assemble  (cum-ago). 
c5hors,  tis,  f.  a  coJiort. 
cohortor,  1,  dep.  to  encourage. 
c6lo,   ui,    cultum,   3,   to   cidtivate, 

worship. 
cOmCs,  Itis,  c.  a  companion. 
committo,  misi,  missum,  3,  to  com- 
mit, bring  together;  aciem  or  pug- 

nam  committere,  toflght. 
commilnis,  e,  adj.  common. 
condemno,  1,  to  condemn. 
conditio,  onis,  f.  a  condition. 
confCro,  ttlli,  collatum,  ferre,  3,  to 

collect,  compare,  betake. 
conftcio,    feci,    fectum,    to   finish, 

dedroy  (facio). 
confodio,  fodi,  fossum,  3,  to  pierce, 

stab. 
congruenter,  adv.  agreeably  to. 
conilcio,  ieci,  iectum,  3,   to  throio 
I      (iacio). 
'.  coniuratio,  Onis,  f,  a  conspiracy. 


164 


Latin-English  Vocabulary. 


coniux,    ittgis,    c.    a    husband   or 

loi/e. 
Conor,  1,  dep.  to  try. 
conquiesco,  evi,  3,  to  rest. 
consgqiior,  cutus,  3,  dep.  to  follow 

after,  reach,  obtain. 
consldo,  sedi,  sessum,  3,  to  sit  down, 

encamj). 
constituo,  ui,  iitum,  3,  to  determine, 

appoint. 
consto,    stiti,    statum,    1,   to   halt, 

consist  of;  impers.  constat,  it  is 

tvell  hnown. 
consul,  tilis,  m.  a  consid. 
consulo,  ui,  sultum,  3,  to  consult. 
consumo,  sumpsi,  sumptum,  3,  to 

consume,  destroy. 
contendo,   di,   turn,    3,    to  hasten, 

strive. 
contentus,     a,    um,     adj.     content 

(c.  abl.) 
contra,     adv.    and    prep,    against 

(c.  ace.) 
contraho,  xi,  ctum,  3,  to  contract, 

assemble. 
conv6nio,  veni,  ventum,  4,  to  come 

together,  agree. 
copia,    ae,     f.    plenty;    in    plur. 

forces. 
cor,  dis,  n.  the  heart. 
coram,  adv.  publicly;  prep,  before 

(c.  abl.) 
CSrinthus,  i,  f.  Corinth. 
cSrona,  ae,  f.  a  crown. 
corpus,  6ris,  n.  a  body. 
corrumpo,     rupi,    ruptum,     3,     to 

destroy,  bribe. 
corvus,  i,  m.  a  raven. 
Crassus,  i,  m.  Crassns. 
credo,   didi,    ditum,    3,    to    trust, 

believe. 
creo,  1,  to  create. 
cresco,   crevi,  cretum,  3,  to  grow, 

increase. 
Croesus,  i,  m.  Croesus. 
crudelis,  e,  adj.  cruel. 
culpa,  ae,  f.  a  fault. 
culpo,  1,  to  blame 
cfipldus,  a,  um,  adj.   desirous  of, 

greedy. 


ciipio,  Ivi  or  ii,  Itum,  3,  to  desire, 

cur,  adv.  ivhy  ? 

cura,  ae,  f.  care. 

Ctirio,  onis,  m.  Curio. 

Ctirius,  i,  m.  Curius. 

curro,  cttcurri,  cursum,  3,  to  run. 


Damno,  1,  to  condemn. 
damnum,  i,  n.  hui't,  loss. 
Darius,  i,  m.  Darius. 
dea,  ae,  f.  a  goddess. 
debeo,  ui,  itum,  2,  to  oive. 
decern,  indcl.  num.  ten. 
dficimus,  a,  um,  adj.  tenth. 
decipio,  cepi,  ceptum,  3,  to  deceive 

(capio). 
dedecus,  oris,  n.  disgrace,  dishonour. 
deduco,  xi,  ctum,  3,  to  lead  down, 

escort. 
defendo,    di,    sum,    3,   to  defend, 

ward  off. 
deinde,  adv.  then,  next. 
delectus,  us,  m.  a  levy  (lego), 
deleo,    evi,    etum,    2,    to   blot  out, 

destroy. 
delibgro,  1,  to  take  counsel. 
Demaratus,  i,  m.  Demaratus. 
dens,  tis,  m.  a  tooth. 
despero,  1,  to  despair  (spes). 
desum,   fui,   esse,    to  be   ivanting, 

fail. 
detraho,  xi,  ctum,  3,  to  talce  off. 
detrudo,  si,  sum,  3,  to  push  off. 
deus,  i,  m.  a  god. 
devinco,  vici,  victum,  3,  to  conquer 

utterly. 
dico,  xi,  ctum,  3,  to  say. 
dictator,  oris,  m.  a  dictator. 
dictatura,  ae,  f.  the  dictatorship. 
dies,  ei,  c.  in  sing.,  m.  in  plur.,  a 

day  ;  in  dies,  from  day  to  day. 
difficilis,  e,  adj.  difficidt  (facilis). 
digitus,  i,  m.  a  finger. 
dignus,  a,  um,  adj.  ivorthy  [c.  abl.) 
diligo,  lexi,  lectum,  3,  to  love. 
Dionysius,  i,  m.  Dionymis. 
diripio,  ui,  reptum,  3,  to  pilunder 

(rapio). 
discedo,  cessi,  cessum,  3,  to  depart. 


Latin-English  Vocabulary. 


165 


disclptllus,  i,  m.  a  pupil  (disco). 

disco,  didici,  3,  to  learn. 

dissfiro,  serui,  sertum,  3,  to  argue. 

disto,  1,  to  be  distant. 

diu,  adv.  long,  for  a  long  time. 

div6s,  itis,  adj.  Hch. 

divldo,  si,  sum,  3,  to  divide. 

divitiae,  arum,  f.  riches. 

do,  dedi,  datum,  1,  to  give. 

ddceo,  ui,  ctum,  2,  to  teach. 

doctrina,  ae,  f.  learning. 

doctus,  a,  um,  adj.  learned. 

d6lor,  oris,  m.  pain. 

ddmus,  us,  f.  a  house,  home. 

donum,  i,  n.  a  gift. 

dormio,  ivi  or  ii,  itum,  4,  to  sleep. 

dOceiii,   ae,   a,    distrib.  num.    tivo 

hundred  each,  or,  at  a  time. 
dtlcenti,  ae,  a,  num.  two  hundred. 
duco,  xi,  ctum,  3,  to  lead,  mary^y. 
dulcis,  e,  adj.  sweet. 
duo,  ae,  o,  num.  two. 
duode\nginti,  indcl.  num.  eighteen. 
dux,  ducis,  m.  a  leader. 


E  or  ex,  prep,  out  of,  from. 

6do,  edi,  esum,  3,  to  eat. 

edo,    edidi,    editum,    3,   to   utter, 

produce. 
eflodio,  fodi,  fossum,  3,  to  dig  out. 
^go,  pron.  /. 

6l6phantus,  i,  m.  an  elephant. 
elOquentia,  ae,  f.  eloquence. 
6mo,  emi,  emptum,  3,  to  buy. 
ensis,  is,  m.  a  sword. 
eo,  adv.  thither. 
eo,  ivi  or  ii,  itum,  4,  to  go. 
epistOla,  ae,  f.  a  letter. 
gques,  Itis,  m.  a  Jiorseman,  knight. 
fiquitatus,  us,  m.  cavalry. 
fiqufls,  i,  m.  liorse. 
erro,  1,  to  wander,  err,  stray. 
etfConj.and,  both;  et— et,  both — aiid. 
Etruria,  ae,  f.  Etruria  (a  country  in 

North  Italy). 
exemplum,  i,  n.  an  example. 
exercitus,  us,  m.  an  army. 
exigo,  egi,  actum,  3,  to  drive  out, 

require. 


eximius,  a,  um,  adj.  remarkable. 

exitium,  i,  n.  destruction. 

expello,  piili,  pulsum,  3,  to  expel, 

drive  out. 
explorator,  oris,  m.  a  scout. 
expugno,  1,  to  take  by  storm. 
exsisto,  stiti,  stitum,  3,  to  appear, 

exist. 
exsul,  tilis,  m.  an  exile. 
extra,  prep,  without,  beyond  (c.  ace. ) 


Facio,  feci,  factum,  3,  to  mxike,  do. 
facundus,  a,  um,  adj.  eloquent. 
faveo,  favi,  fautum,  2,  to  favour 

(c.  dat.) 
fecundus,  a,  um,  a.A}.  fertile,  fruit- 
ful. 
fel,  lis,  n.  gall. 
felix,  icis,  adj.  happy. 
f6ra,  ae,  f.  a  wild  beast. 
fgre,  adv.  nearly,  almost,  generally. 
f6ro,   tali,   latum,   ferre,    to  hear, 

carry,  say,  pass  (of  a  law). 
fertllis,  e,  adj.  fertile. 
ferrum,  i,  n.  iron. 
filia,  ae,  f.  a  daughter. 
filius,  i,  m.  a  son. 
finis,    is,    m.    an    end;    in    plur. 

tenntory,  boundaries. 
finitlmus,  a,  um,  adj.  neighbouring ^ 

bordering,  akin  to. 
fio,  factus,  fieri,  3,  dep.  to  become, 

be  made. 
fluvus,  a,  um,  adj.  yellow. 
flumCu,  inis,  n.  a  river. 
fluvius,  i,  m.  a  river. 
focus,  i,  m.  a  hearth. 
foedus,  Gris,  n.  a  treaty. 
foedus,  a,  um,  adj.  base. 
formica,  ae,  f .  an  ant. 
forte,  adv.  by  cJmnce. 
fortis,  e,  adj.  brave,  strong. 
fortlter,  adv.  boldly,  strongly. 
fortuna,  ae,  f .  fortune,  luck. 
forum,  i,  n.  the  forum  [the  popular 

place  of  assevibly  at  Rome). 
fossa,  ae,  f.  a  ditch,  trench. 
frango,  fregi,  fractum,  3,  to  breaks 

wreck. 


166 


Latin-English  Vocabulary. 


f rater,  tris,  m.  a  brother'. 
fraterniis,  a,  um,  adj.  of  a  brother , 

brotherly. 
fraus,  dis,  f.  deceit,  fraud. 
frigus,  oris,  n.  cold. 
friior,  fructus  and  fruitus,  3,  dep. 

to  enjoy  (c.  abl.) 
f  iiga,  ae,  f .  flight. 
fCigio,  fugi,  itum,  3,  to  fly,  escape. 
fiigo,  1,  to  rout. 
fulmen,  mis,  n.  a  thunderbolt. 
fundo,   fudi,    fusum,    3,    to   'pour, 

disperse. 
fungor,  functus,  3,  dep.  to  perform 

{c.  abl.) 
furtum,  i,  n.  a  theft. 


Gabii,  onim,  m.  Gab'd  [a  town  in 

Latium). 
Gallia,  ae,  f.  Gaul. 
gallina,  ae,  f.  a  hen. 
Gallus,  i,  m.  a  Gaul. 
gaudium,  i,  n.  joy. 
gens,  tis,  f.  a  race,  family. 
ggnu,  us,  n.  the  knee. 
Germanus,  a,  um,  adj.  German. 
gero,  gessi,  gestum,  3,  to  do,  ^caye, 

carry  on. 
gigas,  ntis,  m.  a  giant. 
gigno,  gfinui,  genitum,  3,  tox)roduce. 
gladius,  i,  m.  a  sioord. 
gloria,  ae,  f.  honour,  glory. 
Graecia,  ae,  f.  Greece. 
Graecus,  a,  um,  adj.  Greek,  Grecian. 
gramCn,  inis,  n.  grass. 
gravis,    e,   adj.    heavy,    important, 

unvleasant. 


Habeo,  ui,  itum,  2,  to  hold,  have. 
habito,  1,  to  inhabit. 
Hannibal,  alis,  m.  Hannibal. 
haruspex,    icis,   m.    a    soothsayer, 

augur. 
Hasdrubal,  alis,  m.  Hasdrubal. 
hasta,  ae,  f.  a  spear. 
Hector,  oris,  m.  Hector. 
Helvgtii,    orum,    m.    the   Helvetii 

{the  Siviss). 


hiberna,   orum,   n.   wlnter-(2uart€rs 
(castra,  uyiderstood). 

hie,  adv.  here. 
1  hie,  liaec,  hoc,  pron.  this. 
,  hiems,  6mis,  f.  winter. 

hinc,  adv.  hence. 

Hispania,  ae,  f.  Spain. 

hSdie,  adv.  to-day  (hoc — die). 

Homerus,  i,  m.  Homer. 

h6mo,  inis,  c.  a  human  being. 

hora,  ae,  f.  an  hour. 

horreo,  ui,  2,  to  be  rough. 

hortus,  i,  m.  a  garden. 

hostis,  is,  c.  an  enemy. 

hue,  adv.  hither. 

huiusmodi,  of  this  hind. 

humus,  i,  f.  earth,  ground ;  humi, 
on  the  ground. 


laceo,  cui,  citum,  2,  to  lie. 

iacio,  ieci,  iactum,  3,  to  throw. 

iactilum,  i,  n.  a  javelin  (iacio). 

iam,  adv.,  already,  now. 

ibi,  adv.,  titer e  [is). 

ico,  ici,  ictum,  3,  to  strike. 

idem,  gadem,  idem,  pronom.  adj. 

the  same. 
idoneus,  a,  um,  adj.   useful,  stat- 
able. 
ignavus,     a,     um,     adj.     slothful, 

cowardly. 
ignis,  is,  m.  fire. 
ignosco,  novi,  notum,  3,  to  forgive 

[c.  dat.) 
ille,  a,  ud,  pron.  he,  she,  it,  tlmt. 
imitor,  1,  dej).  to  imitate. 
immo,  adv.  certainly,  yes. 
immolo,  1,  to  sacrifice. 
impSrator,  oris,  a  general,  emperor. 
impgritus,  a,   um,   adv.   unskilful, 

unskilled  in  (c.  gen.) 
impero,  1,  to  command  (c.  dat.  of 

person). 
impetus,  us,  m.  a  charge,  attack. 
improbus,  a,  um,  adj.  importunate, 

wicked. 
in,  prep,   in,  into,  on,   to,  against 

(c.  ace.  or  abl.) 
incendium,  i,  n.,  a.  fire. 


Latin-English  Vocabulary. 


1G7 


incendo,  di,  sum,  3,  to  burn,  set  on 
Jive. 

inculilmis,  e,  adj.  safe,  unhurt. 

iudC*,  adv.  thence. 

indico,  xi,  ctum,  3,  to  declare. 

indignus,  a,  um,  adj.  tinworthy 
(c.  ahl.) 

indo,  didi,  dltum,  3,  to  give  to. 

ineo,  ivi  or  ii,  Itum,  4,  to  enter, 
commence. 

infgro,  tilli,  illatum,  ferre,  to  ad- 
vance, icufje. 

ingens,  tis,  adj.  huge. 

ingenuus,  a,  um,  adj.  high  bred. 

liilmlcus,  a,  um,  adj.  hostile;  as 
subst.  a  private  enemy. 

iniuria,  ae,  f.  injury,  wrong. 

insoro,  sevi,  situm,  3,  to  implant. 

insons,  tis,  adj.  innocent. 

instruo,  xi,  ctum,  3,  to  draw  up. 

insula,  ae,  f.  an  island. 

inter,  prep,  among,  between  (c.  ace. ) 

interflcio,  feci,  fectum,  3,  to  kill 
(facio). 

intCrlmo,  emi,  emptum,  3,  to  de- 
stroy (emo). 

Tnutllis,  c,  adj.  useless. 

invfinio,  veni,  veutum,  4,  to  find. 

invldeo,  vidi,  visum,  2,  to  envy, 
grudge  (c.  dat.) 

ipse,  a,  um,  prou.  himself,  herself, 
itm:lf. 

Ira,  ae,  f.  anger. 

irascor,  1,  dep.  to  be  angry,  angry 
with  (c.  dat.) 

is,  ea,  id,  pron.  he,  she,  it,  that. 

iste,  a,  ud,  pron.  that  {near  you). 

Ister,  tri,  m.  the  Danube. 

Italia,  ae,  f.  Italy. 

Iter,  Itlntris,  n.  a  road,  journey. 

ItCrum,  adv.  again. 

Itlba,  ae,  m.  Juba. 

iucundus,  a,  um,  adj.  pleasant. 

iudex,  icis,  c.  a  judge. 

iudichim,  i,  n.  a  judgment. 

iuugo,  xi,  uctum,  3,  to  join. 

lupplter,  luvis,  m.  Jupiter. 

itivenis,  is.  adj.  young  j  as  subst. 
a  young  num. 

iuveutus,  litis,  f.  youth. 


L  before  proper  name  stands  for 
Lucius, 

LS,bienus,  i,  m,  Labienus. 

labor,  oris,  m.  labour. 

lac,  tis,  n.  milk.       ' 

Idcesso,  ivi,  itum,  3,  to  provoke^ 
annoy. 

lacrlma,  ae,  f.  a  tear. 

lateo,  ui,  2,  to  lie  hid. 

latro,  onis,  m.  a  robber,  pirate. 

latus,  a,  um,  adj.  broad. 

laudo,  1,  to  praise. 

legatus,  i,  m.  an  ambassador,  lieu- 
tenant. 

l6gio,  onis,  f.  legion. 

l6go,  legi,  lectum,  3,  to  pluck, 
choose,  read. 

leo,  onis,  m.  a  lion. 

lepus,  6ris,  m.  a  hare. 

Lesbos,  i,  f.  Lesbos  {an  island  in 
the  Aegean  sea), 

levis,  e,  adj.  light. 

lex,  legis,  f.  a  law. 

liber,  bri,  m.  a  book. 

Liber,  6ri,  m.  Liber. 

Libera,  ae,  f.  Libera. 

libfiri,  orum,  m.  children. 

libero,  1,  to  free,  liberate. 

libertas,  atis,  f.  liberty. 

litCra,  ae,  f.  a  letter  {of  the  alpha- 
bet) ;  in  plur.  a  letter. 

lOctiples,  etis,  adj.  wealthy. 

l6cus,  i,  m.  a  place. 

longus,  a,  um,  adj.  long. 

l6quor,  cutus,  3,  dep.  to  speak. 

luctus,  i"is,  m.  grief. 

ludo,  si,  sum,  3,  to  play. 

Ium6n,  Inis,  n.  light. 

Itipa,  ae,  f.  a  she-tcolf. 

lilpus,  i,  m,  a  wolf. 

lux,  lucis,  f.  light. 

L^curgus,  i,  m.  Lycurgus. 


Magister,  tri,  m.  a  master. 
miigistra,  ae,  f .  a  mistress. 
magnitudo,  Inis,  f.  size. 
maguus,  a,  um,  adj.  great,  large, 
maiores,  um,  m.  ancestors. 
male,  adv.  badly. 


168 


Latin-English  Vocabulary. 


mS,l6dico,  xi,  ctum,  3,  to  abuse 
(c.  dat.) 

malum,  i,  n.  an  evil. 

malus,  a,  um,  adj.  had. 

mando,  1,  to  command, 

mftneo,  si,  sum,  2,  to  remain. 

manus,  us,  f.  a  hand,  hand  {of 
men). 

ma,r6,  is,  n.  the  sea. 

Mars,  tis,  m.  Mars. 

mater,  tris,  f.  a  mother. 

Mecenas,  atis,  m.  Mecenas. 

mgdicus,  i,  m.  a  doctor. 

mgdius,  a,  um,  adj.  middle. 

mel,  lis,  n.  honey. 

memini,  def.  to  remember. 

memor,  oris,  adj.  rtiindful  (c.  gen.) 

m6m5ria,  ae,  f .  memory. 

m6m6ro,  1,  to  call  to  memory, 
mention. 

mens,  tis,  f .  the  mind. 

mentior,  itus,  4,  dep.  to  lie. 

mercator,  oris,  m.  a  merchant. 

Merctirius,  i,  m.  Mercurius. 

mergo,  si,  sum,  3,  to  sink,  droion. 

mico,  cui,  1,  to  glitter,  shine. 

miles,  itis,  m.  a  soldier. 

Miletus,  i,  f.  Miletus  {a  city  in  Asia 
Minor). 

militia,  ae,  f.  loarfare. 

mille,  indcl,  num.  a  thousand. 

millia,  ium,  n.  titousands. 

mina,  ae,  f.  a  mina  [about  £4). 

minime,  adv.  not  at  all. 

miror,  1,  dep.  to  ivonder  at,  admire. 

mirus,  a,  um,  adj.  strange,  wonder- 
ful 

miser,  6ra,  6rum,  adj.  \or etched. 

misgret,  uit,  2,  impers.  it  moves 
pity. 

mitis,  e,  adj.  gentle,  mellow. 

mitto,  misi,  missum,  3,  to  send. 

mddus,  i,  m,  a  way,  plan. 

moenia,  ium,  n.  town  walls. 

m5neo,  ui,  itum,  2,  to  warn. 

mens,  tis,  m,  a  mountain. 

monstro,  1,  to  show. 

m5ra,  ae,  f.  delay. 

m5rior,  mortuus,  3,  dep.  to  die. 

mOror,  1,  dep.  to  delay. 


mors,  tis,  f.  death. 

mos,  moris,  m.  a  custom;  in  plur. 

via7iners. 
mox,  adv.  soon. 

multitudo,  inis,  i.acroivd,  multitude. 
multo,  1,  to  fine. 
multus,  a,  um,  adj.  much. 
miinio,  ivi  or  ii,  itum,  4,  to  fortify. 
miinus,  6ris,  n.  duty. 
murus,  i,  m.  a  wall. 
muto,  1,  to  change. 


Nam,  conj.  for. 

narro,  1,  to  relate. 

nascor,  natus,  3,  dep.  to  he  born. 

nato,  1,  to  swim. 

natura,  ae,  f.  nature. 

nauta,  ae,  m.  a  sailor. 

navigium,  i,  n.  «  ship. 

navis,  is,  f.  a  ship. 

n?,  interrogative  particle ;  cannot 
he  translated. 

ne,  conj.  lest,  that  not,  not. 

nefas,  indcl.  lorong. 

nggdtium,  i,  n.  a  business,  thing. 

nemo,  nullius,  no  one  (ne-homo). 

ne  quldem,  not  even  ;  the  word  on 
which  one  wants  to  lay  stress  is 
put  between  ne  and  quidem. 

Nero,  onis,  m.  Nero. 


.  coni.  and  not,  neither,  nor. 
neve,  )        ^  ' 

niger,  gra,  grum,  adj.  black. 

-1     '  [  indcl.  nothing. 

nix,  nivis,  f.  snow. 

nobilis,  e,  adj.  distinguished,  noble. 

noceo,  ui,  itum,  2,  to  injure,  hurt 

(c.  dat.) 
nolo,  nolui,   nolle,  to  be  unicilUng 

(non-volo). 
nomen,  inis,  n.  a  name. 
nonng,  adv.  not;  expecting  answer, 

'Yes?' 
nonnullus,  a,  um,  adj.  some. 
noster,  tra,  trum,  arij.  our. 
nox,  noctis,  f.  night. 
nubo,  psi,  ptum,  3,  to  take  the  veil 

for,  mnrry  (c.  dat.) 


Latin-English  Vocabulary. 


169 


nuUus,  a,  um,  adj.  none. 

num,     conj.     whether?     expectiwj 

answer,  ^No.*  , 
Ntlma,  ae,  m.  Niima. 
Ntunantia,  ae,  f.  Numantia  (a  town 

in  Spain). 
namgrus,  i,  m.  a  number,  qnantili/. 
numquis,  numquid,  pron.  any? 
nunquam,  adv.  never. 
nuutius,  i,  m.  a  me-'isenger,  neivs. 
nusquam,  adv.  nowhere. 


Ob,   prep,  on  account  of,  for  {c. 

ace. ) 
obs6s,  Idis,  c.  a  hostar/e. 
occido,  cidi,  casum,  3,  to  fall,  die 

(ob-cado). 
occido,  cidi,  cisum,  3,  to  kill  (ob- 

caedo). 
occupo,  1,  to  seize,  hold, 
occurro,  curri,  cursum,  3,    o  meet 

(ob-curro). 
Oceauus,  i.  m.  tlie  Ocean. 
ocliis,  adv.  more  quickbj. 
octavus,  a,  um,  adj.  eijhth. 
ociilus,  i,  m.  an  eye. 
odi,  def.  to  hate. 
Olim,     adv.     once    uj^on    a    time, 

formerly. 
omuis,  e,  adj.  all. 
5nus,  6ris,  n.  a  burden. 
(op,)  6pem,  Opis,  djie,  f.  /lelp ;  in 

plur.  riches. 
5p6ra,  ae,  f.  wo7'k,  care,  ansistance; 

in  plur.  workpeople. 
oppldum,  i,  n.  a  toion. 
opprlmo,   pressi,    pressum,    3,    to 

overwhelm. 
5pus,  6ris,  n.  work,  need. 
ftratio,  onis,  f.  a  sjieech. 
6rator,  oris,  m.  an  orator. 
ordlno,  1,  to  set  in  order,  draw  up, 

dispose. 
5riundus,  a,   um,  2>art.    descended 

from  (orior). 
oro,  1,  to  pray,  beseech. 
Orpheus,  ei  or  60s,  m.  Orplieus^ 
otium,  i,  n.  rest. 
ovum,  i,  n.  an  egg. 


Paene,  adv.  nearly,  almost. 

pallium,  i,  n.  a  cloak. 

panis,  is,  m.  bread. 

par,  paris,  adj.  equal. 

parco,  pCperci,  parsum,  3,  to  spare 

(c.  dat.) 
pS-rens,  tis,  c.  a  parent. 
pareo,  ui,  2,  to  obey. 
paro,  1,  to  preptare. 
parum,  adv.  little. 
parvus,  a,  um,  adj.  little,  small. 
passim,  adv.  everywhere. 
passus,  us,  m.  a  step,  pace;  mille 

passus,  millia  passuum,  a  mile. 
pastor,  oris,  m.  a  shepherd. 
pater,  tris,  m.  a  father. 
patiens,  tis,  adj.  p>cdient. 
patior,   passus,   3,   dep.   to  suffer, 

endure. 
patria,  ae,  f.  one's  country,  father- 

land. 
pauper,  6ris,  adj.  jioor. 
pax,  pacis,  f.  peace. 
p6cunia,  ae,  f.  money. 
p6cus,  6ris,  n.  a  herd. 
p6cus,  tidis,  f.  a  beast. 
Peloponnesus,  i,  f.  the  Peloponnesus 

{now  the  Morea). 
Pelops,  pis,  m.  Pelops. 
p6nes,  prep,  in  the  power  of  {c.  ace.) 
percfitio,  cussi,  cussum,  3,  to  strike 

(per-quatio). 
perdo,  didi,  ditum,  3,  to  lose,  de- 
stroy. 
p6reo,  n,  itum,  4,  to  perish. 
perf6ro,     tttli,     latum,     ferre,     to 

endure. 
Pericles,  is,  m.  Pericles. 
pericillum,  i,  n.  danger. 
pgritus,  a,  um,  adj.  skilful,  skilled 

in  (c.  gen.) 
Persa,  ae,  m.  a  Persian. 
persuadeo,  si,  sum,  2,  to  persuade 

(c.  da{.) 
perv6nio,  veni,  ventum,  4,  to  reach. 
pes,  pedis,  m.  the  foot. 
peto,  ivi  or  ii,  itum,  3,  to  seek,  make 

for. 
Philippus,  i,  m.  PhiUppus. 
pliil6s6phia,  ae,  f.  philosophy. 


170 


Latin-English  Vocabulary. 


pliil5s8plius,  i,  m.  a  'philosopher. 

plitceo,  ui,  2,  to  please  (c.  dat.) 

PkUo,  onis,  m.  Plato. 

plausiis,  us,  m.  applause. 

plebs,  bis,  f .  the  common  peoj^le. 

plenus,  a,  um,  adj.  full. 

pocuhim,  i,  n.  a  cup. 

poenitet,  uit,  2,  impers.  it  repents. 

Poenus,  a,  um,  adj.  Carthajinian. 

poeta,  ae,  m.  a  p)oet. 

Pompeius,  i,  m.  Pompeius. 

pomum,  i,  n.  a7i  apple,  fruit. 

X^ondus,  eris,  n.  a  iceight. 

puno,  posui,  p5situm,  3,  to  place, 

jDitch, 
pons,  tis,  m.  a  briihje. 
p5pulus,  i,  m.  a  people. 
porta,  ae,  f.  a  door,  gate. 
posco,  p5posci,  3,  to  ask  for,  demand. 
possum,  potui,  posse,  to  he  able. 
post,  adv.  and  prej).,  after,  behind 

(c.  ace.) 
postgrus,  a,  um,  adj.  7iext  after. 
potestas,  fitis,  f.  power. 
p5tior,  titus,  4,  dep,  to  get  possession 

of{c.  ahl.  or  gen.) 
praecipue,  adv.  especially. 
praeclarus,  a,  um,  adj.  Illustrious. 
I)raeda,  ae,  f.  booty. 
praeficio,    feci,    fectum,    3,    to   set 

over  (c.  dat.) 
praemitto,  misi,  missum,  3,  to  send 

on  (c.  dat.) 
praemium,  i,  n.  a  reioard. 
praesidium,  i,  n.  a  garrison,  defence. 
praesto,   stiti,   stitum,   1,   to  stand 

out,  p)ay,  shoio,  excel. 
praesum,  fui,  esse,  to  be  in  command 

of 
l^raeter,  prep,  besides,  except  (c.  ace.) 
praet6reo,  ivi  or  ii,  itum,  4,  to  pass 

by. 
praetor,  oris,  m.  a  praetor  {a  Roman 

magistrate). 
pretiosus,    a,    um,    adj.    j^^^^^^^us, 

valuable. 
prgtium,  i,  n.  a  price. 
primus,  a,  um,  adj.^rs^. 
procella,  ae,  f.  a  storm. 
proelium^  i,  u.  a  battle. 


proficiscor,    fectus,   3,   dep.  to  set 

out. 
progrgdior,  gressus,  3,  dep.  to  ad- 
vance. 
promissus,  a,  um,  adj.  long. 
jjromitto,     misi,     missum,     3,     to 

promise. 
promoveo,  movi,  motum,  2,  to  move 

forward. 
propter,  i^rep.  on  account  of,  near 

(c.  ace.) 
prosum,  fui,  esse,  to  benefit  (c.  dat.) 
provincia,  ae,  f.  a  province. 
proximus,  a,  um,  adj.  nearest. 
prudens,   tis,  adj.  prudent   (pro — 

video), 
piidet,  uit,  2,  it  shames. 
pudor,  oris,  m.  modesty. 
puella,  ae,  f.  a  girl. 
puer,  eri,  m.  a  hoy. 
pugna,  ae,  f.  afiglit,  battle. 
pugno,  1,  to  fight. 
pulclier,  chra,  chrum,  adj.  beauti- 

fid. 
ptito,  1,  to  think. 
Pyrenaei,  drum,  m.  the  Pyrenees. 

Quadraginta,  indcl.  num. /o;fy. 
qualis,  e,  adj.  of  what  kind,  of  such 

a  kind. 
quando,  conj.  ivhen. 
quantus,  a,  um,  adj.  how  great,  as 

gi-eat. 
quatuor,  indcl.  num.  four. 
qu6,  conj.  and,  both. 
quidam,     quaedam,    quiddam,    or 

quoddam,  pron.  a  certain  one. 
quidem,  adv.  indeed. 
quies,  etis,  f.  rest. 
Quinctius,  i,  m.  Quinctius. 
quinquaginta,  indcl.  imm.  fifty. 
quinqug,  indcl.  num.  five. 
quintus,  a,  um,  adj._^/i!/t. 
Quirites,    ium,  m.   the  Quirites  {a 

name  of  the  Roman  people). 
quis,  qua,  quid,  or  qui,  quae,  quod, 

jjron.  any. 
quis,    quid,    or  qui,    quae,    quod, 

pron.  icJto  ^ 


Latin-English  Vocabulary. 


171 


quisnam,   quaenam,   quidnam,    or 

quodnam,  proii.  who  j^ ray  ? 
(juisquam,    quaequam,    quidquam, 

orquodquam,  in'ou.  any,  anyone, 

anything. 
<iuisque,     quaeque,     quidque,    or 

quodque,  pron.  each. 
qui  vis,  quae  vis,  quid  vis  or  quod  vis, 

pron.  any  you  will. 
quondam,  adv.  once  upon  a  time, 

formerly. 
qu6que,  conj.  aho. 
qu6t,  indcl.  hoio  many,  as. 
qu6tidiG,  adv.  daily. 
qu6tus,    a,    um,     adj.    which    {in 

order)  ? 


Rado,  si,  sum,  3,  to  shave,  scrape. 
ratio,  onis,  f,  a  reason,  plan. 
ratis,  is,  f.  a  ship. 
reclpio,  cepi,  ceptum,  3,  to  retake, 

take  back,  betake  (capio). 
rSclto,  1,  to  read  aloud. 
rficordor,  1,  dep.  to  remember. 
reddo,  dldi,  ditum,  3,  to  (jive  hack, 

restore. 
rt'deo,  ivi  or  ii,  itum,  4,  to  return. 
regina,  ae,  f.  a  queen. 
regio,  onis,  f.  a  region. 
rego,  xi,  ctum,  3,  to  -rule. 
regrCdior,     gressus,     3,     dep.     to 

return. 
Regalus,  i,  m.  Ee<iulus. 
relinquo,  liqui,  lictum,  3,  to  leave, 

abandon. 
relUgio,    onis,    f.    relifjion,   super- 
stition. 
rgmC'dium,  i,  n.  a  remedy,  cure. 
Remus,  i,  m.  Remus. 
rCpello,  ptlli,  jjulsum,  3,  to  repel. 
rgpfirio,  rgpC'ri,  rfipertum,  4,  to  find, 

discover. 
rgqulesco,  evi,  3,  to  rest. 
res,  rei,  f .  a  thing. 
rCsisto,  restiti,  restltum,  3,  to  resist 

(c.  dat.) 
respondeo,  spondi,  sponsum,  2,  to 

answer  (c.  dat.) 


respubllca,  reipublicac,  f.  a  republic, 

state. 
rex,  regis,  m.  a  king. 
Rhenus,  i,  m.  the  J'hine. 
rideo,  si,  sum,  2,  to  laugh. 
rogo,  1,  to  ask. 
Roma,  ae,  f.  Home. 
Romanus,  a,  um,  adj.  Roman. 
Romalus,  i,  m.  Bomulus. 
Rilbico,    onis,    ni.    the  Rubicon   (a 

river  in  North  Italy). 
rus,  ruris,  n.  the  country. 


Sabini,    orum,   m.  the  Sabines   {a 

people  of  Central  Italy). 
sa.cer,  era,  cruni,  adj.  s,acred. 
saepg,  adv.  often. 
sagitta,  ae,  f.  an  aiTOiv. 
Saguntum,  i,  n.  Saguntum  {a  town 

in  Spain). 
saliis,  litis,  f.  safety,  health. 
sftluto,  1,  to  salute. 
Samnites,    ium,   m.   the    Samnitcs 

{a  people  of  Central  Italy). 
sanguis,  Inis,  m.  blood. 
sapiens,  tis,  adj.  wise. 
sSpientia,  ae,  f.  wisdom. 
satis,  adv.  enough. 
satiskcio,  feci,  factum,  3,  to  satisfy 

(c.  dat.) 
saxum,  i,  n.  a  stone. 
scelus,  6ris,  n.  a  crime,  vnckedness. 
sch6la,  ae,  f.  a  school. 
scio,    scivi   or   scii,    scitum,    4,    to 

know. 
Scipio,  onis,  m.  Scipio. 
scoptilus,  i,  m.  a  rock. 
scriba,  ae,  m.  a  clerk,  secretary. 
Scftha,  ae,  m.  a  Scythian  [inhabi- 
tant of  parts  of  North  Europe 

and  Asia). 
se,  ace.  no  nom.,  pron.  self. 
s6curis,  is,  f.  an  axe. 
86deo,  sedi,  sessum,  2,  to  sit. 
sedes,  is,  f.  a  seat,  home. 
semper,  adv.  always. 
s6nafus,  us,  m,  the  senate. 
86nex,  s6nis,  adj.   old;    as  subat. 

an  old  man. 


172 


Latin-English  Vocabulary. 


sententia,  ae,  f.  an  opinion, 

septemvir,  i,  m.  one  of  a  commission 
of  seven. 

Sequani,  orum,  m.  the  Sequani  {a 
people  of  Gaul). 

sSquor,  cuius,  3,  dep.  to  follow. 

servio,  ii,  itum,  4,  to  serve  (c.  dat.) 

servitus,  utis,  f.  slavery. 

servus,  i,  m.  a  slave. 

sex,  indcl.  num.  six. 

Sextus,  i,  m.  Sextus. 

Sicllia,  ae,  f.  Sicily. 

sidus,  6ris,  n.  a  constellation,  star. 

signum,  i,  n.  a  sign,  signal,  standard. 

simllis,  e,  adj.  like. 

similitudo,  inis,  f.  a  likeness. 

sing,  prep,  without  (c.  abl.) 

Socrates,  is,  m.  Socrates. 

sol,  solis,  m.  the  sun. 

solatium,  i,  n.  a  solace,  relief. 

soleo,  itus,  2,  dep.  to  he  wont. 

solus,  a,  um,  adj.  alone,  lonely. 

solvo,  vi,  utum,  3,  to  loose,  pay. 

somnium,  i,  n.  a  dream. 

sor5r,  oris,  f .  a  sister. 

Sparta,  ae,  f.  Sparta  {capital  of 
Laconia  in  South  Greece). 

spes,  ei,  f.  hope. 

sto,  steti,  statum,  1,  to  stand. 

stringo,  nxi,  ctum,  3,  to  draw. 

Bttideo,  ui,  2,  to  pay  attention  to,  be 
fond  of. 

sttidiosus,  a,  um,  a,d.].  fond  of. 

stultitia,  ae,  f .  folly. 

stultus,  a,  um,  adj.  foolisli. 

suavis,  e,  adj.  sweet. 

sub,  prep,  under  (c.  ace.  and  ahl.) 

subsidium,  i,  n.  help, 

succedo,  cessi,  cessum,  3,  to  ad- 
vance. 

Sulla,  ae,  m.  Sulla. 

sum,  fui,  esse,  to  be. 

summus,  a,  um,  adj.  top,  highest 
(superlative  of  super  us). 

sumo,  sumpsi,  sumj)tum,  3,  to  take, 
take  up. 

siiperbus,  a,  um,  adj.  proud. 

sttpgrus,  a,  um,  adj.  high. 

supplex,  icis,  adj.  submissive,  sup- 
pliant. 


supplicium,  i,  n.  punishment,  torture. 
suppoiio,    posui,    pSsitum,     3,    to 

place  under. 
sustineo,  ui,  tentum,  2,  to  support, 

endure. 
suus,  a,  um,  adj.  his,  her,  its,  their, 

own. 


T  before  prox)er  names  stands  for 

Titus. 
taedet,  uit,  2,  impers.   it  wearies, 

it  irks. 
talis,  c,  adj.  such,  such  as,  as. 
tam,  adv.  so, 

Tamgsis,  is,  m.  the  Thames. 
Tanais,  is,  m.  the  Don  {a  river  in 

South  Russia). 
tango,  tctigi,  tactum,  3,  to  touch. 
Tarquinius,  i,  m.  Tarquinius. 
tectum,  i,  n,  a  roof,  house. 
telum,  i,  n.  a  dart. 
t6m6ritas,  atis,  f.  rashness. 
templum,  i,  n.  a  temple. 
teneo,  ui,  tentum,  2,  to  hold. 
terra,  ae,  f.  the  earth,  land. 
terror,  oris,  m.  fear. 
tertius,  a,  um,  adj.  third. 
Thebae,  arum,  f.  Thebes. 
ThSmistocles,  is,  m.  .Themistocles. 
timeo,  ui,  2,  to  fear. 
timor,  oris,  m.  fear. 
tot,  indcl.  adv.  so  many. 
totus,  a,  um,  adj.  ivhole, 
trado,  didi,  ditum,  3,  to  hand  over, 

deliver  up  (trans — do), 
tralio,  xi,  ctum,  3,  to  draw,  drag. 
traiicio,   ieci,  iectum,  3,  to  throw 

across,  cross  (iacio). 
trans,  prep,  across  {c.  ace.) 
transduco,   xi,    ctum,    3,    to  lead 

across. 
transeo,  ivi  or  ii,  itum,  4,  to  c7'oss. 
transfigo,  xi,  xum,  3,  to  jyierce, 
transilio,    ui,    sultum,   4,   to   leap 

across. 
transitus,  us,  m.  a  crossing. 
transv6ho,    xi,   ctum,    3,    to  bring 

across. 
trecenti,  ae,  a,  num.  three  hundred. 


Latin-English  Vocabulary. 


173 


tri^mo,  ui,  itum,  3,  to  tremble. 

velox,  ocis,  adj.  swift. 

tres,  tria,  num.  three. 

venatOr,  oris,  m.  a  hunter. 

trlbunus,  i,  m.  a  tribune  (a  Roman 

vendo,  dldi,  ditum,  3,  to  sell. 

magistrate  or  officer). 

venenum,  i,  n.  poison. 

trlduum,  i,  n.  a  space  of  three  days 

v6n6ror,  1,  to  reverence. 

(tres — dies). 

v^nia,  ae,  f.  pardon. 

tristis,  e,  adj.  sad. 

v6nio,  veni,  ventum,  4,  to  come. 

Troia,   ae,  f.    Troy  {a  city  on  the 

ventus,  i,  m.  a  wind. 

North-west  coast  of  Asia  Minor.) 

VCnus,  6ris,  f.    Venus  {the  goddess 

tu,  tui,  pron.  thou. 

of  Love). 

turn,  adv.  then. 

ver,  veris,  n.  spring. 

turbo,  1 ,  to  disturb,  trouble. 

verbum,  i,  n.  a  word. 

turpis,  e,  adj.  disgraceful,  ugly. 

vescoE,  3,  dep.  to  eat,  live  on  (c.  abl. ). 

turris,  is,  f.  a  tower. 

Vesta,  ae,  f.  Vesta. 

tilus,  a,  um,  adj.  thy,  thine. 

vester,  tra,  trum,  adj.  your. 

tj'rannus,  i,  m.  a  despot. 

vestis,  is,  f.  a  dress. 

via,  ae,  f.  a  v;ay. 

vict6r,  oris,  m.  a  conqueror. 

Ullus,  a,  um,  adj.  any. 

victoria,  ae,  f.  victory. 

ultimus,  a,  um,  adj.  last. 

vicus,  i,  m.  a  street,  hamlet. 

Ulysses,  is,  m.  Ulysses. 

video,  vidi,  visum,  2,  to  see. 

undlque,  adv.  from  all  sides. 

videor,  visus,  2,  dep.  to  seem. 

ilnlversus,  a,  um,  adj.  whole,  all, 

viginti,  indcl.  num.  twenty. 
vilis,  e,  adj.  cheap. 

entire. 

unquam,  adv.  ever. 

vincio,  vinxi,  vinctum,  4,  to  bind. 

rmus,  a,  um,  num.  one. 

vinco,  vici,  -victum,  3,  to  conquer. 

urbs,  bis,  f.  a  city. 

vinum,  i,  n.  ivine. 

ui-sus,  i,  m.  a  bear. 

vir,  vlri,  m.  a  man. 

usus,  us,  m.  use,  need. 

virgo,  Inis,  f.  a  virgin. 

titer,  tra,  trum,  pron.  which  of  the 

vMdi.s,  e,  adj.  green. 

two  ? 

virtus,  utis,  f.  virtue,  courage. 

uterque,  utraque,  utrumque,  pron. 

vis,  vim,  vi,  f.  force,  violence;  in 

both,  either. 

plur.  vires,  ium,  strength. 

iitllis,  e,  adj.  useful. 

vita,  ae,  f.  life. 

iltOr,  usus,  3,  dep.  to  use  [c.  abl. ) 

vivo,  xi,  ctum.  3,  to  live. 

utrinque,  adv.  on  both  sides. 

vix,  adv.  hardly^  scarcely. 

utrum,  conj.  whether. 

v6co,  1,  to  call,  summon. 

ux5r,  oris,  f.  a  wife. 

v6lo,  \,  to  fly. 

v6lo,    v6lui,     velle,     to    wish,    be 

loilUng. 

Vaco,  l,to  be  at  le'isurt-for  (c.  dat.) 

voltus,  see  vultus. 

vidum,  i,  n.  a  shallow. 

v6lupta8,  atis,  f.  pleasure. 

valeo,  ui,  2,  to  be  well,  strong. 

vox,  vocis,  f.  a  voice. 

valldus,  a,  um,  adj.  well,  strong. 

Vulcanus,  i,  m.  Vulcanus  {the  god 

vallis,  is,  f.  a  vall^. 

offire). 

vallum,  i,  n.  a  palisade. 

vulnSro,  1,  to  wound. 

vasto,  1,  to  lay  waste,  ravage. 

vulnus,  6ris,  n.  a  loound. 

v6,  conj.  or. 

ATilpes,  is,  f.  a  fox. 

vel,  conj.  or. 

vultus,  us,  m.  the  face. 

ENGLISH-LATIN    VOCABULARY. 


Abhor,  abhorreo,  ui,  2. 

abandon,    r6liiiquo,    liqiii,    lictiim, 

3  ;  des6ro,  rui,  rtum,  3. 
able,  to  be,  possum,  potui,  posse. 
abode,  sedes,  is,  f. 
abound,  ilbundo,  1. 
aboid,,   circum  (c.   ace,   and  adv.)',. 

nearhi,   f6re ;  concernin(f,  de   (r. 

abl.y 
above,    siiper   (r.    ace.    and    abl.) ; 

from  above,  desiiper,  adv. 
abroad,  fSris. 

absent,  to  be,  absum,  fui,  esse. 
abstain  from.,  abstineo,  \\\,  tentiini, 

2  [c.  abl.) 
abundantly,  abundanter. 
Acca,  Acca,  ae,  f. 
accejJt,  accipio,  cepi,  ceptum,  3. 
acceptable,  gratus,  a,  um. 
access,  adltus,  us,  m. 
accident,  cfisus,  us,  m.  ;  by  accident, 

easu ;  forte  {adv.) 
accompany,  c5mitor,  1,  dep. 
accomplish,   perficio,  feci,  fectum, 

3. 
according  to,  ex  (c.  abl.) 
accordingly,  itt\que,  igitur  {adv.) 
accusation,  crimen,  inis,  n. 
accuse,  accilso,  1. 
accused,  the,  reus,  i,  m. 
accuser,  accusiltor,  oris,  m. 
accustomed,  to  be,  soleo,  s5litus,  2, 

dep. 
Achilles,  Achilles,  is,  m. 
achioioledge,  agnosco,  novi,  nitum, 

3. 
acquainted    uuth,    to    be.      See    to 

knov.\ 


acquire,  to,  acquiro,  sivi,  situm,  3 ; 

adipiscor,  adeptus,  3,  dep, 
acquit,  absolve,  vi,  utum,  3. 
across,  trans  (c.  ace.) 
act,  an,  factum,  i,  n. 
act,  to,  ago,  egi,  actum,  3. 
Actium,  Actium,  i,  n. 
active,  celer,  is,  e. 
actor,  an,  mimus,  i,  m. 
adapted,  aptus,  a,  um. 
add,  addo,  didi,  ditum,  3. 
address,  all5quor,  cutus,  3,  dep. 
admire,  admiror,  1,  dep, 
admiration,  admlratio,  onis,  f. 
admit,  admitto,  misi,  missum,  3 ; 

{confess)  confiteor,  fessus,  2,  dep. 
admonish,  admSneo,  ui,  itum,  2. 
admonition,  admonitio,  onis,  f. 
adopt,  adopto,  1. 
adorn,  orno,  1. 
adi^ance,  to,  progrSdior,  gressus,  3, 

dep.  ;  procedo,  cessi,  cessum,  3. 
advantage,  commodum,  i,  n. 
adversary,  adversarius,  i,  m. 
adverse,  iniquus,  a,  um. 
advice,  consilium,  i,  n. 
advise,  moneo,  ui,  itum,  2. 
aedile,  aedilis,  is,  m. 
aedileshijy,  aedilitas,  atis,  f. 
Aegean,  the,  Aegeum  mare. 
Aemilius,  Aemilius,  i,  m. 
Aetna,  Aetna,  ae,  f. 
affability,  fftcllitas,  atis,  f. 
affair,  res,  rei,  f. 
affection,    caritas,    atis,    f.  ;    filial 

affection,  pietas,  atis,  f. 
affectionate,  carus,  a,  um  ;  pius,  a, 

um. 


English-Latin  Vocabulary. 


175 


affirm,  assfivero,  1  ;  affirmo, 

1 

Amnion,  Amnion,  Onis,  m. 

afflict,  ango,  xi,  ctum,  3;  vexo,  1. 

among,  inter  (r.  ace.) 

afford,  praebeo,  ui,  Itum,  2. 

Amulitis,  Am  alius,  i,  m. 

Africa,  Africa,  ae,  f. 

amuse,  delecto,  1. 

ajler,  post  (c.  ace.) ;  ex  (c.  ahl.) 

Anacharsis,  Anacharsis,  is,  m. 

afterwards,  postea. 

ancestors,  maiores,  um,  m. 

again,  mrsus,  Iterum. 

ancestral,  avitus,  a,  um ;  patrius. 

against,  ad  versus,  contra,  in 

[all  c. 

a,  um. 

ace. ) 

ancient,  antlquus,  a,  um ;  priscus, 

against  one's,  will,  invitus,  a, 

um. 

a,  um  ;  v6tus,  6ris. 

Agamemnon,  Agamemnon,  Onis,  m. 

Ancus,  Ancus,  i,  m. 

age,  aetas,  atis,  f.  ;  old  age, 

s6nec- 

and,  et ;  atqu^  ;  qu6. 

tus,  litis,  f. 

angry,    to   be,    irascor,    iratus,    3, 

age,  an,  saecttlum,  i.  n. 

dep. 

agree,  consentio,  sensi,  sensnm,  4. 

angi-y,  Iratus,  a,  um. 

agreeably  to,  congmenter. 

animal,    animal,    alis,    n.  ;      wild 

agreed,  concors,  cordis,  adj. 

animal,  f6ra,  ae,  f. 

agreement,  consensus,  us,  ni. 

announce,  nuntio,  1. 

Agrippa,  Agrippa,  ae,  m. 

annoy,  to,  vexo,  1 . 

Agrippina,  Agi-ippina,  ae,  f. 

annually,  quotannis. 

aid,  auxllium,  i,  n. 

another,    alius,    a,    ud ;    the   other, 

aid,  to,  auxilior. 

alter,  6ra,  grum. 

air,  aer,  aeris,  m. 

answer,   to,  respondeo,    di,    nsum. 

alarm,  an,  tOniultus,  us,  m. 

2. 

alarm,  to,  exclto,  1. 

answer,  an,  responsum,  i,  n. 

Allan,  Albanus,  a,  urn. 

ant,  formica,  ae,  f. 

Alexander,  Alexander,  dri,  i 

n. 

Antiochus,  Anti5chus,  i,  m. 

Alexandria,  Alexandria,  ae. 

f. 

antiquity,  antlqultas,  atis,  f. 

alliance,  sociutas,  atis,  f. 

Antisthenes,  Antisthfines,  is,  m. 

alien,  alienus,  a,  um. 

Antonius,  Antonius,  i,  m. 

alike,  pilrlter. 

any,  uUus,  a,  um  ;  quisquam,  quae- 

alive,  vivus,  a,  um. 

quam,    quicquam  or   quodquani 

all,  omnis,  e  ;  from  all  sides 

undl- 

[only  after  negatives) ;  quis,  qua, 
quid ;  any  you  please,   quilibet. 

que ;  in  all,  omnino  ;  on  a 

l  sides, 

passim. 

quaellbet,  quidllbet  or  quodllbet. 

alloic,    sino,   sivi,   situm,  .3 

;    it  is 

anywhere,  usquam. 

alloiced,  licet,  uit,  2,  impers. 

Apollo,  Apollo,  inis,  m. 

ally,  s6cius,  i,  m. 

apparel,   vestitus,  us,  m.  ;  cultus. 

almost,  paene,  fCre. 

us,  m. 

alone,  solus,  a,  um. 

appeal,  provuco,  1. 

along,  per  {c.  ace. ) 

appear,    vkleor,    visus,    2,    dep.  ; 

Alps,  Alpes,  ium,  f. 

appareo,  ui,  2. 

already,  iam. 

appearance,  species,  ei,  f. 

also,  6t,  6tiam. 

appease,  placo,  1. 

Appian  7cay,  the,  Appia  via. 

altar,  ara,  ae,  f. 

cdlogether,  omnino. 

Appiu-s,  Appius,  i,  m. 

ahcays,  semper. 

applause,  plausus,  us,  m. 

ambassador,  legatus,  i,  m. 

apple,  pomum,  i,  n. 

ambush,  insldiae,  arum,  f. 

apply,  appGno,  pcisui,  pSsItum,  3; 

America,  America,  ae,  f. 

adKlbeo,  ui,  Itum,  2. 

176 


English-Latin  Vocabulary. 


appoint,  constltuo,  ui,  utiim,  3. 
approach,   to,  adeo,  ii,  itum ;  acl- 

v6nio,  veni,  ventum,  4. 
apptroach,  an,  ftditiis,  us,  in. 
approve,  pr6bo,  1. 
apt,  aptus,  a,  um. 
Apulia,  Apulia,  ae,  f. 
archer,  sS-gittarius,  i,  m. 
Archidamus,  Archidamus,  i,  m. 
Archimedes,  Archimedes,  is,  m. 
ardour,  ardor,  oris,  m. 
Argolis,  ArgSlis,  idis,  f. 
Argos,  Argi,  drum,  m. 
Arion,  Arion,  6nis,  m. 
Arlovistus,  Ariovistus,  i,  m. 
arise,  orior,  ortus,  4,  dep.  ;  surgo, 

surrexi,  surrectum,  3. 
Arlstippus,  Aristijjpus,  i,  m. 
arin,  an,  brachium,  i,  n. 
arm,  to,  anno,  1. 
armed,  armatus,  a,  um. 
armour-hearer,  armiger,  6ri,  m. 
arms,  arma,  orum,  n. 
army,  exercitus,  us,  m. 
around,  circum  {2irep.  c.  ace.  and 

adv. ) 
Arpinum,  Arpinum,  i,  n. 
arrival,  adventus,  us,  m. 
arrive,  advenio,  veni,  ventum,  4. 
arroiv,  silgitta,  ae,  f. 
art,  ars,  tis,  f. 
artisan,  artifex,  icis,  c. 
as,  ut ;  as  if,  tanquam,  quasi ;  as 

long  as,  don6c ;  as  far  as,  tSnus 

(c.  abl.) 
ascend,  aseendo,  ndi,  nsum,  3. 
ashamed,    to   be,   poenitet,    uit,    2 

(impers.) 
Asia,  Asia,  ae,  f. 
asJc,  rSgo,  1  ;  asJc  for,  p6to,  ivi  or 

ii,  itum,  3,  oro,  1. 
aspect,  vultus,  us,  m  ;  aspectus,  us, 

m. 
ass,  S-smus,  i,  m. 
assaidt,  to,  oppugno,  1. 
assault,  an,  impetus,  us,  m. 
assemble,  conv6nio,  veni,  ventum, 

4  [intrans.) ;  conv5co,  1  {trans.) 
assembly,  concilium,  i,  n. 
assign,  defgro,  tuli,  latum,  ferre. 


assist,  auxllior,   1,  dep.  ;  subv6nio, 

veni,  ventum,  4  (c.  dat. ) 
assistance,  auxllium,  i,  n. 
astonished,  attSnItus,  a,  um. 
astonishment,  admiratio,  onis,  f. 
at,  apud  (c.  ace.) ;  ad  (r.  ace.) 
at  all,  omnlno. 
at  any  rate,  saltem. 
at  length,  tandem,  aliquando. 
at  once,  una ;  simul,  statim. 
Athens,  Athenae,  arum,  f. 
Athenian,  Atheniensis,  e. 
Atratinus,  Atratlnus,  i,  m. 
attach,  alligo,  1. 
attach,   to,    aggrgdior,   gressus,    3, 

dep.  ;  oppugno,    1    [to  attach  a 

toivn). 
attach,  an,  impetus,  us,  m. 
Attains,  Attalus,  i,  m. 
attempt,  to,  conor,  1,  dep. 
attempt,  an,  conatus,  us,  m. 
attendant,^ ^^telVis,,  itis,  c. 
attention,  to  pay,  op6ram  da.re. 
attentively,  intente. 
Attica,  Attica,  ae,  f. 
attract,  traho,  xi,  ctum,  3. 
Atys,  Atys,  Atyos,  m. 
audacity,  audacia,  ae,  f. 
augur,  augur,  firis,  m. 
augury,    augurium,    i,    n.  ;    oin^n, 

mis,  n. 
Augustus,  Augustus,  i,  m. 
auspice,  ausplcium,  i,  n. 
auspices,     to     tahe,     auspicor,     ], 

dep. 
author,  auctor,  oris,  m. 
authority,  auctoritas,  atis,  f. 
autumn,  auctumnus,  i,  m. 
auxiliary,  auxiliarius,  a,  um. 
auxiliaries,  auxilia,  orum,  n. 
avail,  valeo,  ui,  2. 
avarice,  ftvaritia,  ae,  f. 
avaricious,  a  varus,  a,  um. 
avenge,  ulciscor,  ultus,  3,  dep. 
avoid,  vlto,    1 ;  fugio,   fiigi,   itum> 

3. 
aivait,    expecto,     1  ;    in^neo,    nsi, 

nsum,  2. 
awahe,    expergiscor,    perrectus,   3, 

dep. 


English-Latin  Vocabulary. 


177 


aware  of,  gnarus,  a,  um  (c.  gen. 
awful,  dirus,  a,  um. 
axe,  securis,  is,  f. 


Bacchus,  Bacchus,  i,  ra. 

had',  tergum,  i,  n. 

had,  millus,  a,  um  ;  badly,  mdl6. 

ba(ff/a(j<',  impgdimenta,  orum,  n. 

bait,  esca,  ae,  f. 

banish,   pello,   pepuli,    pulsum,   3 ; 

expello,  pftli,  pulsum,  3. 
barbarian,  barbarus,  a,  um. 
barbarous,  fCrus,  a,  um. 
barber,  tonsor,  oris,  m. 
bare,  nudus,  a,  um. 
barJc,  to,  latro,  1. 
barren,  stCrilis,  e. 
base,  turpis,  e. 
baseness,  turpitude,  Inis,  f. 
basket,  corbis,  is,  f. 
bat,  vespertilio,  onis,  m. 
bathe,  lilvo,  lavi,  lotum,  1. 
battle,    proeliiim,    i,    n.  ;    pugna, 

ae,  f. 
hay,  launis,  i  or  us,  f. 
beak,  rostrum,  i,  u. 
hear,  to,  f6ro,  tali,  latum,  ferre. 
hear,  a,  ursus,  i,  m. 
beard,  barba,  ae,  f. 
beast,   bestia,    ae,   f.  ;    of  burden, 

iumentum,  i,  n. 
hmf,  caedo,  cCcidi,  caesum,  3. 
beaten,  to  be,  vapftlo,  1. 
beautiful,  pulcher,  chra,  chrum. 
beauty,  fonna,  ae,  f,  ;  pulchritudo, 

Inis,  f. 
because,  quia ;  quod. 
become,    fio,    factus,    fifiri ;    befit, 

d6ceo,  ui,  2. 
bed,  lectus,  i,  m. 
hed-diamber,  cilblcCdum,  i,  n. 
befall,    contingo,    tigi,    tactum,    3 

(c.  dat.) 
heft,  see  to  become, 
hi  fore    {conj.),    priusquam,    ant3- 

quam  ;  {prep. )  ante  [c.  ace. ) 
beforehand,  ante. 
bcfj,  oro,  1. 

begijar,  mendicus,  i,  m. 
Ji.L.W. 


begin,    inclpio,    cepi,    ceptum,   3 ; 

coepi,  def.  ;— a  battle,  committo, 

misi,  missum,  3. 
beginning,  Inltium,  i,  n. 
behind,  post  (c.  ace. ) 
behold,    asplcio,     exi,    ectum,    3 ; 

video,  vidi,  ^'isum,  3. 
behoves,  it,  Cportet,  uit,  2  ;  d6cet, 

uit,  2. 
believe,  credo,   didi,   ditum,   3  (c. 

dat.  of  person). 
Belgae,  Belgae,  arum,  m. 
bell,  tintiniiabttlum,  i,  n. 
Bellona,  Bellona,  ae,  f. 
belly,  venter,  tris,  m. 
below,  infra  (c.  ace.) 
benefactor,  b6n6factor,  oris,  m. 
benefit,  to,  bengfacio,  feci,  factum, 

3  ;  prosum,  fui,  esse  (c.  dat. ) 
benefit,  a,  bCngfactum,  i,  n. 
benevolence,  bgnfivolentia,  ae,  f. 
beseech,  oro,  1. 
beside,  iuxta  (c.  ace.) 
besides  {prep. )    praeter   (c.    ace. ) ; 

{adv.)  praet6rea. 
besiege,  obsldeo,  sedi,  sessum,  2. 
best,  optimus,  a,  um. 
betake,  confgro,  tiili,  latum,  ferre  ; 

rgcipio,  cepi,  ceptum,  3. 
betray,  prudo,  dIdi,  ditum,  3. 
betroth,    spondeo,  spopondi,   spon- 

sum,  3. 
better,  mClior,  us, 
between,  inter  {c.  ace.) 
bewail,  ploro,  1. 
beware,  caveo,  cavi,  cautum,  2. 
beyond,    ultra    (c.    ace. ) ;    praeter 

{c.  ace.) 
big,  see  large, 
hill,  rostrum,  i,  n. 
hind,   vincio,    vinxi,   vinctum,   4; 

dellgo,  1. 
bird,  avis,  is,  f. 
birth,  partus,  ils,   m ;   noble  birth, 

nobilltas,  atis,  f. 
biso7i,  virus,  i,  m. 
bite,  a,  morsus,  iis,  m. 
bite,  to,  mordeo,  mOmordi,  morsum, 

2. 
bitter,  acerbus,  a,  um. 

M 


178 


English-Latin  Vocabulary. 


black,  niger,  gra,  grum ;  ater,  tra, 

break  out,  erumpo,  rupi,  ruptum,  3. 

trum. 

break  down,  diruo,  ui,  litum,  3. 

Blach  Sea,  Pontus  Euxinus. 

breast,  pectus,  oris,  n. 

Name,  culpa,  ae,  f. 

breastplate,  lorica,  ae,  f. 

blame,  to,  culpo. 

breath,  anima,ae,  f. ;  halltus,  us,  m. 

blind,  caecus,  a,  um. 

breed,  alo,  ui,  altum,  3. 

blindness,  caecitas,  atis,  f. 

bridge,  pons,  ntis,  m. 

blood,  bloodshed,  sanguis,  inis,  m.  ; 

bright,  clarus,  a,  um ;  sjjlendldus. 

cruor,  oris,  m. 

a,  um. 

bloodstained,  cruentatus,  a,  um. 

bring,  aff6ro,  atttdi,  allatum,  afFerre. 

blot  out,  deleo,  evi,  eturn,  2. 

bring  about,  efficio,  feci,  fectum,  3. 

blow,  ictus,  us,  m. 

bring  back,  r6duco,  duxi,  ductum, 

blue,  caei'uleus,  a,  una. 

3- 

blush,  erubesco,  ui,  3. 

bring  down,  deduco,  duxi,  ductum. 

boar,  aper,  pri,  m. 

3. 

board,  to,  conscendo,  di,  sum,  3. 

bring  in,  infgro,  ttili,  illatum,  f erre ; 

board,  a,  ta,btila,  ae,  f. 

introduco,  xi,  ctum,  3. 

boast,  glorior,  1,  dep.  ;  iacto,  1. 

bring  up,  edtico,  1. 

boat,  cymba,  ae,  f. 

bring  out,  educo,  duxi,  ductum,  3. 

body,  corpus,  6ris,  n.  ;  dead  body, 

Britain,  Britannia,  ae,  f. 

cadaver,  6ris,  n. 

brother,  frater,  tris,  m. 

Boeotia,  Boeotia,  ae,  f. 

broio,  frons,  ntis,  f. 

bold,  audax,  acis ;  fortis,  e. 

Brutus,  Brutus,  i,  m. 

bone,  03,  ossis,  n. 

build,  aedifico,  1. 

book,  liber,  bri,  m. 

building,  aedificium,  i,  n. 

boot,  calceus,  i,  m. 

bulk,   magnitudo,   mis,   f.  :   moles. 

booty,  praeda,  ae,  f. 

is,  f. 

border,  finis,  is,  m. 

bull,  taurus,  i,  m. 

born,  to  be,  nascor,  natus,  3  dep. 

bundle,  fascis,  is,  m. 

bosom,  sinus,  us,  m. 

burden,  6nus,  6ris,  n. 

both   {adj. ),    ambo,    ae,    o ;    {conj. ) 

burn,  uro,  ussi,  ustum,  3  {trans.); 

et. 

ardeo,  arsi,  arsum,  2  {intrayis.) 

bottle,  titer,  tris,  m. 

burning,  a,  incendium,  i,  n. 

bottom,  imus,  a,  um,  adj. 

bury,  s6p6lio,  ivi,  sepultum,  4. 

bound,    boundary,    finis,    is,    m.  ; 

bush,  dumiis,  i,  m. 

terminus,  i,  m. 

bushel,  modius,  i,  m. 

boio,  arcus,  us,  m. 

business,  res,  rei,  f.  ;  nggotium,  i,  n. 

boy,  puer,  6ri,  m. 

but,  sed  ;  at ;  autem. 

boyhood,  puSritia,  ae,  f. 

butcher,  camifex,  icis,  m. 

boxer,  ptigil,  ilis,  m. 

but  that,  quin  {only  with  negatives). 

bracelet,  armilla,  ae,  f. 

buy,  6mo,  emi,  emptum,  3. 

brag,  iacto,  1. 

buyer,  emptor,  oris,  m. 

branch,  ramus,  i,  m. 

brandish,  quatio,  quassi,  quassum. 

3. 

Cadiz,  Gades,  ium,  f. 

brave,  fortis,  e ;  bravely,  fortlter. 

Caesar,  Caesar,  aris,  m. 

bravery,  virtus,  litis,  f. 

cage,  cavea,  ae,  f. 

bread,  panis,  is,  m. 

Caius,  Caius,  i,  m. 

break,   frango,   fregi,   fractum,    3; 

calamity,  calamitas,  atis,  f. ;  dam- 

rumpo, rupi,  ruptum,  3. 

num,  i,  n. 

English-Latin  Vocabulary. 


179 


call,  v5co,  1. 

cause,  to,  efflcio,  feci,  fectum,  3. 

call  to  witness,  tester,  1,  dep. 

cautiously,  caute. 

Callisthenes,  Callisthfines,  is,  ni. 

cavalry,  gquites,  um,  m  ;  gqultatus, 

calm,  s6renus,  a,  um ;  pkcldus,  a, 

us,  m. 

um. 

cease,  desino,  sivi  or  sii,  situm,  3. 

Camillus,  Camillus,  i,  m. 

celebrate,  c6lebro,  1. 

camjy,  castra,  oruni,  n. 

celebrated,   cgleber,   bris,   bre ;    in- 

Campania,  Campania,  ae,  f. 

signis,  e  ;  praeclarus,  a,  um. 

can,  see  able. 

centaur,  centaurus,  i,  m. 

Caninitis,  Caninius,  i,  m. 

centurion,  centilrio,  onis,  m. 

Cannae,  Cannae,  arum,  f. 

century,  centilria,  ae,  f. 

canton,  pagus,  i,  ra. 

Ceres,  C6res,  dris,  f. 

cap,  pileus,  i,  m. 

ceremony,  ritus,  us,  m. 

capital,  caput,  Itis,  n. 

certain,    certus,  a,  umj  a  certain 

Capitol,  Capitolium,  i,  n. 

person,  quidam. 

captive,  captivus,  a,  um. 

certainly,  immo. 

capture,  to,  cilpio,  cepi,  captum,  3. 

cliain,  catena,  ae,  f. ;  vincidum,  i,  n. 

Capua,  Capua,  ae,  f. 

challenge,  to,  prov6co,  1. 

car,  curnis,  us,  m. 

chamber,  culjictllum,  i,  n. 

carcass,  cadaver,  6ris,  n. 

cJiampion,  vindex,  icis,  c. 

care,  cura,  ae,  f. 

chance,  sors,  tis,  f.  ;  casus,  lis,  m. 

care,  to,  euro,  1. 

chance  [adj.),  fortuitus,  a,  um. 

care,  to  take,  6p6ram  dare. 

change,   mutatio,   onis,   f. ;    vices, 

carefully,  diltgenter. 

ium,  f. 

careless,  negllgens,  ntis. 

change  {mx)ney),  nummus,  i,  m. 

carelessness,  incuria,  ae,  f.  ;  negll- 

change,  to,  muto,  1. 

gentia,  ae,  f. 

clmracter,  mores,  um,  m ;  inddles, 

carry,  porto,  1 ;  v6ho,  vexi,  vec- 

is,f. 

tum,  3. 

charge,  a,  impetus,  us,  m. 

carry  down,   deffiro,    tali,   latum, 

charge,  to,  imj)etum  facere. 

ferre. 

charm,  delecto,  1. 

car7-y  off,  aufero,  abstfili,  ablatum, 

chariot,  currus,  us,  m.  ;  cssSdum, 

auferre  ;  rapio,  ui,  ptum,  3. 

i,  n. 

carry  off  {a  victory),  reporto,  1. 

charioteer,  auriga,  ae,  m. 

cart,  plaustrum,  i,  n. 

cheap,  vilis,  e. 

Carthage,  Cartliago,  Inis,  f. 

check,  reprlmo,  pressi,  pressum,  3 ; 

Carthaginian,  Poenus,  a,  um. 

impgdio,  ivi  or  ii,  itum,  4. 

Casilinum,  Casilinum,  i,  n. 

cheese,  caseus,  i,  m. 

cast,  iacio,  ieci,  iactum,  3 ;  mitto, 

clierish,  f6veo,  fOvi,  fotum,  2. 

misi,  missum,  3. 

chew,  mando,  di,  sum,  3. 

cad  down,  demitto,  mIsi,  missum, 

chicken,  puUus,  i,  m. 

3. 

chief,  dux,  cis,  m. 

cat,  feles,  is,  f. 

chief  men,  primores,  um,  m. 

catapult,  catapulta,  ae,  f. 

chiefly,  maxime ;  imprimis. 

catch,  capio,  cepi,  captum,  3. 

child,  infans,  ntis,  c. 

Catiline,  Catilina,  ae,  m. 

children,  libdri,  orum,  m. 

cattle,  p6cus,  5ris,  n. 

chin,  mentum,  i,  n. 

Comline  Forks,  Furcillae  Caudinae, 

Chinese,  Seres,  ae,  m. 

f. 

choice,  electio,  onis,  f. 

cause,  caussa,  ae,  f. 

choose,  ellgo,  legi,  lectum,  3. 

180                English 

Latin  Vocabulary. 

Christian,  Christianiis,  a,  um. 

collect,   coUigo,    legi,    lectum,    3 ; 

Cicero,  Cicero,  onis,  in. 

cogo,  coegi,  coactum,  3. 

Cincinnatus,  Cinciimatus,  i, 

m. 

colony,  c5lonia,  ac,  f. 

circuit,  ambitus,  us,  m. 

colour,  c6lor,  oris,  m. 

circus,  circus,  i,  m. 

column,   cdlumna,  ae,   f.  ;  of  men, 

circumstance,  res,  rei,  f. 

agmen,  Inis,  n. 

citadel,  arx,  cis,  f. 

combat,  pugna,  ae,  f. 

citizen,  civis,  is,  c. 

come,  A^gnio,  veni,  ventum,  4. 

city,  urbs,  bis,  f. 

command,  mandatum,  i,  n. ;  iussum. 

civil,  civilis,  e. 

i,  n.  ;  poiver,  impgrium,  i,  n. 

claim,  posco,  p6r)0sci,  3 ;  \ 

indico. 

command,  to,  impero,  1  ;  praesum. 

1. 

fui,  esse  {both  c.  dat.  of  person) ; 

clamour  for,  postiilo,  1. 

iubeo,  iussi,  iussum,  2. 

claw,  unguis,  is,  m. 

command  of,  to  he  in,  see  to  com- 

Claudia, Claudia,  ae,  f. 

mand. 

Claudius,  Claudius,  i,  ni. 

commander,   imperator,    oris,    m.  ; 

clean,  purgo,  1. 

dux,  dticis,  m. 

clear,  claru's,  a,  um. 

commence,  incipio,  cepi,  ceptum,  3. 

clear,  it  is,  constat,  1,  impei 

s. 

commit,  committo,  misi,  missum,  3. 

clemency,  dementia,  ae,  f. 

commx)n,  communis,  e. 

Cleopatra,  Cleox^atra,  ae,  f. 

common-people,   plebs,    plebis,   f.  ; 

clerJc,  scriba,  ae,  m. 

vulgus,  i,  n. 

clever,  pgritus,  a,  um ;  h&bilis,  e. 

commonwealth,  respublica,  reipub- 

climb,  scando,  di,  sum,  3. 

licae,  f. 

cling -to,     amplector,     plexus,     3, 

commotion,  motus,  us,  m  ;  tumul- 

dep. 

tus,  us,  m. 

cloah,  paludamentum,  i,  n. 

companion,  comes,  itis,  c. 

Clodius,  Clodius,  i,  m. 

compare,  compare,  1  ;  coufero,  tidi, 

Gloelia,  Cloelia,  ae,  f. 

collatum,  ferre. 

close,  claudo,  si,  sum,  3. 

compassion,  misgricordia,  ae,  f. 

closely,  arete. 

compel,  cogo,  coegi,  coactum,  3. 

close  to,  prope  (c.  ace.) 

complain,  queror,  questus,  3,  dep. 

close  quarters,  at,  cominus. 

complaint,  querela,  ae,  f. 

cloth,  i^annus,  i,  m. 

complete,  to,  conftcio,  feci,  fectum, 

clothe,  vestio,  ivi  or  \i,  ituin 

4. 

3. 

clothing,  vestitus,  us,  m. 

conceal,  celo,  1. 

cloud,  nubes,  is,  f. 

concede,  concedo,  cessi,  cessum,  3. 

club,  clava,  ae,  f. 

conceive,  concipio,  cepi,  cei5tum,  3. 

Clypea,  Clypea,  ae,  f. 

concern,  attinet,  2  impers.  (c.  ad 

Clytemnestra,  Clytemnestra, 

ac,  f. 

with  ace. ) 

coast,  litus,  6ris,  n.  ;  ora,  ae 

,  f. 

concerning,  de  [c.  abl.) 

coat,  vestis,  is,  f. 

conciliate,  concilio,  1. 

cobbler,  sutor,  oris,  m. 

concord,  concordia,  ae,  f. 

coch,  gallus,  i,  m. 

concourse,  concursus,  us,  m. 

Codes,  Codes,  Itis,  m. 

condemn,  damno,  1  ;  condemno,  1. 

coin,  nummus,  i,  m. 

condition,  conditio,  onis,  f. 

cold,  frigus,  oris,  n. 

confer,     confero,     tuli,     collatum, 

cold,  frigidus,  a,  um. 

ferre. 

collar,  torquis,  is,  c. 

conference,  colloquium,  i,  n. 

colleague,  coUega,  ae,  m. 

confess,  confiteor,  fessus,  2,  dep. 

English-Latin  Vocabulary. 


181 


confession^  confessio,  ouis.  f. 

confidence^  fides,  ei,  f. 

confine,  contlneo,  ui,  tentum,  2. 

confirm,  confirmo,  1. 

confiscate,  pu])lIco,  1. 

Conon,  Conon,  onis,  m. 

congratulate,  gratalor,  1,  dep.  (c. 
dat.) 

conquer,  vinco,  vici,  victum,  3 ; 
supCro,  1. 

conqueror,  victor,  oris,  m. 

conquest,  victoria,  ae,  f. 

conscious,  conscius,  a,  urn  {c.  gen.) 

consciousness,  conscieiitia,  ae,  f. 

consecrate,  consecro,  1. 

consecutive,  contlnuus,  a,  um. 

consent,  to,  consentio,  sensi,  sen- 
sum,  4. 

consent,  consensus,  us,  m. 

consider,  ptito,  1. 

consist,  consto,  stiti,  statum,  1 . 

consolation,  solatium,  i,  n. 

console,  solor,  1,  dep. 

conspiracy,  coniuratio,  onis,  f. 

conspire,  coniuro,  1. 

conspirator,  coniurator,  oris,  m. 

constancy,  constantia,  ae,  f. 

constrain,  cogo,  coegi,  coactum,  3. 

consul,  consul,  tilis,  m. 

consulate,  constllatus,  us,  m. 

consult,  consfllo,  ni,  sultum,  3. 

consult,  to  deliberate,  delibCro,  1. 

consume,  consumo,  sumjjsi,  sump- 
tum,  3. 

contempt,  contemptus,  us,  m. 

contend,  contendo,  di,  turn,  3. 

content,  contentus,  a,  um  (c.  «/>/.) 

contest,  certamen,  Inis,  n. 

continual,  contlnuus,  a,  um. 

continue,  maneo,  mansi,  mansum,  2 ; 
to  go  on,  pergo,  perrexi,  rectum,  3. 

contract,  contraho,  traxi,  tractum,  3. 

contradict,  contradico,  dixi,  dic- 
tum, 3  (c.  dat.) 

contrary,  contrarius,  a,  um. 

contrary,  on  the,  contra. 

contrary-to,  contra  [c.  arc.) 

convenient,  commOdus,  a,  um. 

conversation,  sermo,  onis,  m,  ;  col- 
loquium, i,  n. 


convey,  v61io,  vexi,  vectum,  3. 

cook,  c6quus,  i,  m. 

cook,  to,  coquo,  coxi,  coctuui,  3. 

coop,  civea,  ae,  f. 

copper,  aes,  aeris,  n. 

Corinth,  Cdrinthus,  i,  m. 

Corinthian,  C5rinthius,  a,  um. 

cormorant,  phalacr6c6rax,  acis,  m. 

corn,  frumentum,  i,  n. 

Cornelia,  Cornelia,  ae,  f. 

corpse,  cadaver,  eris,  n. 

correct,   corrlgo,  rexi,  rectum,  3 ; 

emendo,  1. 
corrupt,  corrumpo,  rupi,  niptum,  3. 
Corvus,  Corvus,  i,  m. 
cost,  prgtium,  i,  n.  ;  expense,  sump- 

tus,  us,  m. 
cost,  to,  sto,  steti,  statum,  1  (c.  dat. 

of  person), 
costume,  vestitus,  us,  m. 
cottage,  cAsa,  ae,  f. 
cover,  tego,  texi,  tectum,  3. 
covet,  ctlpio,  Ivi,  itum,  3. 
covetous,  ciipldus,  a,  um 
couch,  lectus,  i,  m.,  cubile,  is,  n. 
council,  concilium,  i,  u. 
counsel,  consilium,  i,  n. 
counsellor,   suasor,   oris,   m.;   con- 

Blliarius,  i,  m. 
count,  nilmfiro,  1. 
countenance,  vultus,  us,  m. 
country,  terra,  ae,  f.  ;  the  country, 

nis,  rtiris,  n. ;  o«e'«  oion  country, 

patria,  ae,  f. 
courage,  virtus,  litis,  f. 
course,  cursus,  us,  m. 
cover,  tCgo,  xi,  ctum,  3  ;  conspergo, 

si,  sum,  3. 
coioard,  coivardly,  ignavns,  a,  um. 
cowardice,  ignavia,  ae,  f. 
crafi,  calllditas,  atis,  f. 
crafty,  callldus,  a,  um. 
crane,  gi'us,  gruis,  c. 
crash,  fragor,  oris,  m. 
Crassus,  Crassus,  i,  m. 
create,  creo,  1. 
creature,  animal,  alis,  n. 
credible,  credlbilis,  e. 
credit,  frde3,  ei,  f. 
Crimera,  Ci-emera,  ae,  m. 


182                English-Latin  Vocabulary. 

crescent,  lunula,  ae,  f. 

dance,  salto,  1. 

crest,  signum,  i,  n. 

danger,  pgriciilum,  i,  n. 

Crete,  Greta,  ae,  f. 

dangerous,  pgriculosus,  a,  um. 

crime,  sc6lus,  6ris,  n. 

Danube,  Ister,  tri,  m. 

crocodile,  crGcodllus,  i,  m. 

dare,  audeo,  ausus  sum,  2,  dep. 

Croesus,  Croesus,  i,  m. 

Darius,  Darius,  i,  m. 

crop,  s6ges,  6tis,  f. 

dai'k,  obscurus,  a,  um ;  pullus,  a, 

cross,  crux,  crticis,  f. 

um. 

cross,  to,  traiicio,  ieci,  iectum,  3  ; 

darken,  obscuro,  1. 

transeo,  ivi  or  ii,  itum,  4. 

darkness,  callgo,  Tnis,  f.  ;  tgnebrae, 

crow,  corvus,  i,  m. 

arum,  f. 

croio  of  a  cock,  cantus,  ils,  m 

dart,  telum,  i,  n.  ;  iaculum,  i,  n. 

crowd,  turba,  ae,  f. 

daughter,  filia,  ae,  f. 

croivn,  c6r5na,  ae,  f. 

dawn,  prima  lux  ;  mane,  indcl. 

crown,  to,  corono,   1  ;  cingo. 

cinxi. 

dawn,  to,  illucesco,  illuxi,  3. 

cinctum,  3. 

day,    dies,    ei,    c.   in  sing.    m.    in 

cruel,  crudelis,  e. 

plural;  daybreak,  prima  lux. 

cruelty,  crudelitas,  atis,  f. 

dead,  mortuus,  a,  um. 

crumb,  frustum,  i,  n. 

dead  body,  cadaver,  6ris,  n. 

crush,  opprimo,  pressi,  pressum,  3. 

deadly,  fatalis,  e. 

cry,    voco,    1  ;    clamo,    1 ;    like    a 

deaf,  surdus,  a,  um. 

child,  vagio,  Ivi  or  ii,  Itum 

4. 

dear,  carus,  a,  um. 

cry  out,  exclamo,  1 . 

death,  mors,  mortis,  f. 

cry,  a,  clamor,  oris,  m. 

debt,  aes  a,lienum. 

cub,  catiilus,  i,  m. 

deceive,  decipio,  cepi,  ceptum,  3. 

cultivate,  c51o,  colui,  cultum, 

3. 

deceit,  dolus,  i,  m. 

cultivation,  cultura,  ae,  f. 

decide,    constituo,    ui,    utum,    3 ; 

cunning,  callidus,  a,  urn. 

decerno,  crevi,  cretum,  3. 

cup,  poctllum,  i,  n. 

Decius,  Decius,  i,  m. 

curCi  r6m6dium,  i,  n. 

declare,  declaro,  1  ;  to  declare  war. 

cure,  to,  sano,  1. 

bellum  indic6re. 

curiae,  curiae,  arum,  f. 

decree,  to,  decerno,  crevi,  cretum, 

Curiatii,  the,  Curiatii,  orum. 

m. 

3. 

Curius,  Cttrius,  i,  m. 

decree,  a,  decretum,  i,  n.  ;  edictum. 

curtain,  velum,  i,  n. 

i,  n. 

custom,,  mos,  mdris,  m. 

deed,  factum,  i,  n.  ;  facinus,  oris, 

cut,  caedo,  cScidi,  caesum,  3 ;  scindo, 

n. 

scidi,  scissum,  3. 

d.eem  loorthy,  dignor,  1,  dep. 

cut  down,  concldo,  di,  sum,  3 

deep,  altus,  a,  um. 

cut  off,  abscindo,  scidi,  scissum,  3. 

deer,  dama,  ae,  c. 

cut  to  pieces,  concldo,  di,  sum 

,  3. 

defeat,  a,  eludes,  is,  f. 

Cyprus,  Cyprus,  i,  f. 

defeat,  to,  vinco,  vici,  victum,  3. 
defect,  vltium,  i,  n. 
defence,  praesidium,  i,  n. 

Dagger,  ptlgio,  onis,  m. 

defend,  defendo,  di,  sum,  3. 

daily,    quStidianus,    a,    um; 

adv. 

defendant,  reus,  i,  m. 

quotldie. 

defile,  polluo,  ui,  utum,  3. 

damage,    damnum,    i,    n.  ; 

detrl- 

Deianira,  Deianira,  ae,  f. 

mentum,  i,  n. 

deity,  numen,  inis,  n. 

damage,  to,  n5ceo,  ui,  itum,  2  (c 

.dat.) 

delay,  m.6Ya,,'^ae,  f, 

English-Latin  Vocabulary. 


183 


delay,  to,  moror,  1,  ilep.  ;  cunctor, 

1,  dep. 
deliberate,  delib<5ro,  1. 
delight,  gaudium,  i,  n. 
delifjht,  to,  delecto,  1  ;  iilvo,  1. 
deliver,  libero,  1. 
Delos,  Delos,  i,  f. 
Demades,  Demades,  is,  m. 
demand,  posco,  p6posci,  3 ;  postttlo, 

1. 
Demosthenes,  Demosthenes,  is,  m. 
deny,  n6go,  1. 
depaH,  excedo,  cessi,  cessum,   3 ; 

discedo,  cessi,  cessum,  3. 
departure,  discessus,  us,  m. 
deplore,  ploro,  1. 
deprive,  spClio,  1  ;  privo,  1. 
descend,  descendo,  di,  sum,  3. 
descended  from,  5riundus,  a,  um. 
describe,   describo,    scripsi,    scrip- 

tum,  3. 
desert,  des6ro,  inii,  rtum,  3  ;  linquo, 

liqui,  lictum,  3. 
deserter,  transfttga,  ae,  m. 
deserve,  mCreor,  mfiritus,  2,  dep. 
design,  consilium,  i,  n. 
desire,  cftpido,  Inis,  f. 
desire,  to,  cflpio,  ivi,  itum,  3 ;  opto,  1 . 
desirous,  cttpldus,  a,  um. 
desist  from,  desisto,  destiti,  desti- 

tum,  3. 
desolate,  solus,  a,  um  ;  desertus,  a, 

um. 
despair,  to,  despiiro,  1. 
despair,  despCratio,  onis,  f. 
despatch,  conftcio,  feci,  fectum,  3. 
despise,   contemno,  tempsi,  temp- 

tum,  3. 
destiny,  futum,  i,  n. ;  sors,  sortis,  f. 
destroy,  perdo,  didi,  dltum,  3. 
destructive,  exitiosus,  a,  um. 
detain,  detlneo,  ui,  tentum,  2. 
detect,  animadverto,  verti,  versum, 

3. 
determine,  stfttuo,  ui,  utum,  3. 
detract,  detrilho,  traxi,  tractum,  3. 
devastate,  vasto,  1. 
devote,  devoveo,  vOvi,  votum,  2. 
devour,    comedo,    edi,    esum,    3 ; 

devftro,  1. 


diadem,  diftdema,  atis,  n. 
Diana,  Diana,  ae,  f. 
dictator,  dictator,  oris,  m. 
dictatorship,  dictatura,  ae,  f. 
die,  mSrior,  mortuus,  3,  dep. 
dij'er,    differo,     distftli,     dilatum, 

difterre. 
difference,  discrlmen,  Inis,  n. 
difficult,  drfl^cllis,  e. 
dffficidty,  difttcultas,  atis,  f.  ;  with 

difficulty,  vix. 
dig,  f6dio,  fodi,  fossum,  3. 
dig  up,  effbdio,  fodi,  fossum,  3. 
digest,  concoquo,  coxi,  coctum,  3. 
dignity,  dignltas,  atis,  f. 
diligent,  strenuus,  a,  um ;  stttdiosus, 

a,  um. 
diminish,  minuo,  ui,  utum,  3. 
dine,  prandeo,  di,  sum,  2  ;  coeno,  1 . 
Diodes,  Diocles,  is,  m. 
Diogenes,  Diogfines,  is,  m. 
Dionysius,  DiOnysius,  i,  m. 
dip,  tinguo,  tinxi,  tinctum,  3. 
dire,  dirus,  a,  um. 
disappear,  evanesco,  ui,  3. 
disaster,  damnum,  i,  n, ;  clades,  is,  f. 
discern,  cemo,  crevi,  crutum,  3. 
discharge,  fungor,  functus,  3,  dep ; 

{darts),  conilcio,  ieci,  iectum,  3. 
disciple,  disclpttlus,  i,  m. 
discipline,  discipllna,  ae,  f. 
discord,  discordia,  ae,  f. 
discover,  invfnio,  veni,  ventum,  4  ; 

rCperio,  reperi,  repertum,  4. 
disease,  morbus,  i,  m. 
disembark,   egrCdior,    egi-essus,   3, 

dep. 
disgrace,  dedScus,  Sris,  n. 
disgrace,  to,  foedo,  1. 
disgraceful,  turpis,  e. 
disguise,  disslmftlo,  1. 
disgust,  taedium,  i,  n. 
disgusts,  it,  taedet,  uit,  2,  impers. 
dish,  patella,  ae,  f. 
dishevelled,  passus,  a,  um. 
dishonour,  see  disgrace, 
dismiss,  dimitto,  m!si,  missum,  3. 
dismount,  descendo,  di,  sum,  3. 
dispense,   distrlbuo,  ui,  utum,    3  ; 

( — justice),  dico,  xi,  ctura  3. 


184 


English-Latin  Vocabulary. 


display,     ostendo,     di,     sum,    3 ; 

ostento,  1. 
displease,  displiceo,  iii,  Itum,  2. 
dispose,  dispone,  posui,  positum,  3. 
disposition,     indoles,     is,     f.  ;    in- 

ggnium,  i,  n. 
dispute,  a,  rixa,  ae,  f.  ;  contentio, 

onis,  f. 
dispute,  to,  dispiito,  1. 
dissemble,  dissimillo,  1, 
dissembler,  dissimtllator,  oris,  m. 
dissemion,  dissensio,  onis,  f. 
distance,    distantia,    ae,    f.  ;    sjKice 

between,  intervallnm,  i,  n. 
distant,  to  be,  absum,  fui,  esse. 
distinguish,  decerno,  crevi,  ere  turn, 

3. 
distinguished,  insignis,  e  ;  claras,  a, 

um. 
distribute,  distribuo,  ui,  iituin,  3. 
disturb,  turbo,  1. 
disturbance,  motus,  us,  m. 
ditch,  fossa,  ae,  f. 
dive,  mergor  {pass,  ofmergo). 
diver,  iirinator,  oris,  ni. 
divide,  divide,  si,  sum,  3. 
divine,  divinus,  a,  um. 
division,  a,  pars,  rtis,  f. 
do,  faeio,  feci,  factum,  3. 
docility,    dScilltas,    atis,    f.  ;    man- 

suetudo,  inis,  f. 
doctor,  mgdicus,  i,  m. 
doe,  cerva,  ae,  f. 
dog,  cS,nis,  is,  c. 
dolphin,  delphin,  inis,  m. 
domestic,  d5mesticus,  a,  um. 
door,  ianua,  ae,  f.  ;  fores,  um. 
Don,  Tanais,  is  or  idis,  m. 
doubt,  to,  dubito,  1. 
doubtful,  incertus,  a,  um ;  dtibius, 

a,  um  ;  withoid  doubt,  sine  dubio. 
dove,  cSlumba,  ae,  f. 
downcast,  demissus,  a,  um. 
down  from,  de  (c.  abl.) 
drachma,  drachma,  ae,  f. 
Draco,  Draco,  onis,  m. 
drag,  tr&ho,  traxi,  tractum,  3. 
draw  [a  sword),  stringo,  nxi,  ictum, 

3. 
draw  along,  duco,  xi,  ctum,  3. 


draio  bach,  reduce,  xi,  ctum,  3. 
draio  off,  abduco,  xi,  ctum,  3. 
draw  up  [an  army),  instruo,  struxi, 

structum,  3. 
draw  by  lot,  sortior,  titixs,  4,  dejo. 
draw  water,  a,quor,  1,  dej). 
dreadful,  dims,  a,  um. 
dream,  a,  somnium,  i,  n. 
dream,  to,  somnio,  1. 
dress,  vestltus,  us,  m  ;  vestis,  is,  f. 
dress,  to,  vestio,  ivi  or  ii,  Itum,  4. 
drinli,  bibe,  bibi,  bibitum,  3  ;  poto, 

1. 
drive,   age,   egi,   actum,   3 ;    pelle, 

peptili,  pulsum,  3. 
drive    aioay,    out,    expello,    ptili, 

pulsum,  3. 
di^op,  a,  gutta,  ae,  f. 
droion,  mergo,  mersi,  mersum,  3. 
drunTc,  ebrius,  a,  um. 
dry,  siccus,  a,  um ;  aridus,  a,  um, 
diick,  a,nas,  atis,  f. 
Duilius,  Duilius,  i,  m. 
didy,  rite. 

dutiful  conduct,  pi6tas,  atis,  f. 
duty,  ofFicium,  i,  n. 
dwelling,  d5mus,  us,  f. 
dye,    tingue,    tinxi,    tinctum,    3 ; 

imbue,  ui,  utum,  3. 


Each,   qxiisque,  quaeque,  quidque, 

or  quodque. 
eager,  ctipidus,  a,  um. 
eagle,  ^qulla,  ae,  f. 
ear,  auris,  is,  f. 
early,  mature. 
earnest,  strenuus,  a,  um  ;  sttidiosus, 

a,  um. 
earth,  terra,  ae,  f.  ;  tellus,  uris,  f. 
ease,  otium,  i,  n. 
easily,  facile. 
east,  the,  Qriens,  entis,  m. 
easy,  facilis,  e. 
eat,  6de,  edi,  esum,  3  ;  vescor,  3, 

dep.  (c.  abl.) 
ebony,  6b6nus,  i,  f, 
eclipse,  defectus,  us,  m. 
educate,  ediico,  1. 
Edivard,  Edvardus,  i,  m. 


English-Latin  Vocabulary. 


185 


effect,  to,  efftcio,  feci,  fectum,  3. 

effeminate,  mollis,  e. 

effort,  conatus,    us,    in.  ;   impetus, 

us,  m. 
e<j<j,  ovum,  i,  n. 
Egypt,  Aegyptus,  i,  f. 
Egyptian,  Aegyptius,  a,  um. 
eight,  octo,  intlcl. 
eighth,  octavus,  a,  um. 
eighty,  octoginta,  indcl. 
either,  titer,  tra,  trum  ;  {ronj.)  ant  ; 

vel ;  sive  ;  sen. 
eject,  eilcio,  eieci,  Oiectum,  .3. 
elated,  elfitus,  a,  um. 
elder,  sGnior. 

elect,  ellgo,  lOgi,  lectum,  3. 
elegance,  gratia,  ae,  f. 
elephant,  ^\vi)]mntus,  i,  m. ;  ^leph.is, 

antis,  m. 
elk,  alces,  is,  f. 
eloquence,  facundia,  ae,  f. 
eloquent,  facundus,  a,  um. 
else,  Jllius,  a,  ud. 
elsewhere,  alibi. 
elude,  c'ludo,  lusi,  lusum,  3. 
embark,  to,  ascendo,  di,  sum,  3. 
embassy,  legatio,  onis,  f. 
embrace,  to,  amplector,  plexus,  3, 

dep. 
embrace,  amplexus,  us,  m. 
eminent,  cliirus,  a,  um. 
emperor,  impgriitor,  oris,  m. 
empire,  impfirium,  i,  n. 
empty,  vacuus,  a,  um. 
encourage,    hortor,    1,    dep.  ;    c6- 

hortor,  1,  dep;  stlmido,  1. 
end,  finis,  is,  m. 
endeavour,  conor,  1,  dep. 
endued  with,  praedltus,  a,  um    {c. 

abl.) 
endurance,  patientia,  ae,  f. 
endure,  patior,  passus,  3,  dep. 
enemy,    hostis,    is,   m.  ;   a  private 

enemy,  inlmleus,  a,  um. 
energetic,  strenuus,  a,  um. 
enej'vate,  mollio,  ivi  or  ii,  itum,  4. 
engagement,    certfimen,     inis,    n.  ; 

pugna,  ae,  f, 
England,  Anglia,  ae,  f. 
enjoy,  fnior,  fruitus,  3,  dep.  {c.  abl. ) 


enjoyment,  voluptas,  atis,  f. 

Ennius,  Ennius,  i,  m. 

enormous,  ingens,  ntis. 

enough,  satis. 

enraged,  iratus,  a,  um. 

enrol,  conscribo,  scripsi,  scriptum, 

3. 
enter,    intro,    1  ;    ineo,    Ivi    or  ii, 

Itum,  4. 
enterjv'ise,  conatus,  \xa,  m. 
entirely,  omnlno. 
entrails,  vise6ra,  um,  n. 
entrenchment,  vallum,  i,  n. ;  agger, 

6ris,  n. 
entrust,  credo,  didi,  ditum,  3. 
entnj,   introltus,   us,   m.  ;    adTtus, 

us,  m. 
envious,  invldus,  a,  um. 
envoy,  legatus,  i,  m. 
envy,  invldia,  ae,  f. 
envy,   to,   invldeo,   vldi,  ^'^sum,  2 

(c.  dat.) 
Epaminondas,  Epaminondas,  ae,  m. 
Ephesus,  EphCsus,  i,  f. 
Epinis,  EiJirus,  i,  f. 
equal,  aequus,  a,  um  ;  aequfilis,  e  , 

par,  is. 
equal,  to,  adaequo,  1. 
equally,  parlter. 
equipped,  instructus,  a,  um,  pai-t. 

{instruo). 
erect,  erigo,  rexi,  rectum,  3. 
err,  erro,  1. 
escape,  ftiga,  ae,  f. 
escape,  to,  effugio,  fugi,  fugltum,  3. 
escape  the  notice  of,  fallo,    fefelli, 

falsum,  3. 
escort,  deduce,  duxi,  ductum,  3. 
especially,   praesertim  ;  praeclpue  ; 

imprimis. 
establish,  constltuo,  ui,  ntum,  3. 
estimate,  aestlmo,  1. 
Etruria,  Etruria,  ae,  f. 
Etrurian,  Tuscus,  a,  um. 
Europe,  Europa,  ae,  f. 
Eurydice,  P^urydlce,  es,  f. 
Eurystheus,  Eurystheus,  ei,  m. 
even,    ftiam  ;  vel ;  not   even,   ne — 

quidem. 
event,  eventus,  us,  m. 


186 


English-Latin  Vocabulary. 


ever,  unquam  ;  ahoays,  semper. 
everlasting,  aeternus,  a,  urn. 
every,  omnis,  e  ;  quisque,  quaeqiie, 

qiiodque. 
every  day,  qu5tldie. 
everywhere,  passim. 
evil,  malus,  a,  umj  subst.  milium, 

i,  n. 
examine,  investlgo,  1. 
exartiple,  exemplum,  i,  n. 
excel,   antficello,    ui,    3    (c.    dat.)  ; 

stipgro,  1. 
excellent,   egrfigius,    a,    um ;    prae- 

clarus,  a,  um. 
except,  praeter  (c.  ace.) 
excessive,  nimius,  a,  um. 
exchange,  milto,  1. 
exnte,    excito,    1  ;    moveo,     movi, 

motum,  2. 
excitement,  motus,  us,  m. 
exclaim,  exclamo,  1. 
excuse,  excuse,  1. 
exercise,  exercitatio,  onis,  f. 
exercise,  to,  exerceo,  ui,  itum,  2. 
exliort,  cohortor,  atus,  1,  dep. 
exile,  exilium,  i,  n. 
exile,  an,  exsul,  filis,  m. 
exist,  exsisto,  stiti,  stitum,  3. 
expect,  expecto,  1. 
expectation,    expectatio,    onis,    f.  ; 

spes,  spei,  f. 
expediency,  utilitas,  atis,  f. 
expedient,  iitilis,  e. 
expedition,  expgditio,  onis,  f. 
expel,  expello,  puli,  pulsum,  3. 
expense,  sumptus,  us,  m. 
experience,     expgrientia,     ae,     f.  ; 

usus,  us,  m. 
experience,  to,  expgrior,  pertus,  4, 

dep. 
expiate,  expio,  1. 
ex]nre,  exeo,  ivi  or  ii,  itum,  4. 
explain,  explico,  1. 
exploit,     factum,    i,    n.  ;    fiicmus, 

5ris,  n. 
export,  exporto,  1. 
expiose,  expuno,  p5sui,  positum,  3. 
exposure,  expositio,  onis,  f. 
extend,     piUeo,    ui,    2    {intrans.) ; 

pando,  di,  sum,  3  {trans.) 


extent,   sp^tium,  i,   n.  ;    distantia. 

ae,  f. 
extinguish,  exstinguo,  nxi,  nctura, 

3. 
extol,  laudo,  1. 

extract,  extrS,ho,  traxi,  tractum,  3. 
extraordinary,  mirus,  a,  um. 
extreme,  extremus,  a,  um. 
extremely,  valde. 
extremity,  extremum,  i,  n, 
eye,  5ciilus,  i,  m. 


Fabian,  Fabius,  a,  um. 

Fabius,  Fabius,  i,  m. 

fable,  fabula,  ae,  f. 

Fab7'icius,  Fabricius,  i,  m. 

fabidous,  fabtilosus,  a,  um. 

face,   fitcies,    ei,    f.  ;    os,   oris,   n.  ; 

vultus,  us,  m. 
factions,  partes,  ium,  f. 
fade,  marcesco,  3. 
fail,  deftcio,  feci,  fectum,  3. 
fair,  pulcher,   chra,   ehrum ;  just, 

aequus,  a,  um. 
faith,  fides,  ei,  f. 
faithful,  fidelis,  e  ;  fidus,  a,  um. 
fall,  a,  cjisus,  us,  m. 
fall,    to,    cftdo,    cecidi,    casum,    3 ; 

labor,  lapsus,  3,  dep. 
fall  asleep,  to,  obdormio,  ii  or  ivi, 

itum,  4. 
false,  falsus,  a,  um. 
fame,  fama,  ae,  f. 
family,  familia,  ae,  f.  ;  domus,  us, 

f. 
famine,  fames,  is,  f. 
far,  pr5cul ;  longe. 
farm,  praedium,  i,  n. 
farming,  agncultura,  ae,  f. 
fat,  pinguis,  e. 
fate,  fatum,  i,  n. 
father,  pater,  tris,  m. 
fatherland,  patria,  ae,  f. 
fatigue,  lassitude,  inis,  f. 
fatten,  sflgino,  1. 
fault,  culjja,  ae,  f. 
favour,  gratia,  ae,  f. 
favour,  to,  faveo,  favi,  fautum,  2 

(c.  dat.) 


lUnglish-Latin  Vocabulary. 


187 


Faust ulus,  Faustttlus,  i,  m. 

fixed,  certus,  a,  um. 

fear,  tlmor,  oris,  m.  ;  metus,  us,  m. 

finme,  flamma,  ae,  f. 

fear,  to,  timeo,  ui,  2  ;  mStuo,  ui,  3. 

flapping,  plausus,  us,  m. 

fearful,  terrlbilis,  e. 

flatter,  adiilor,  1,  dep. 

fearless,  impilvldus,  a,  um. 

fl^e,  ftigio,  fugi,  fugltum,  3. 

feast,  gpttlae,  arum,  f. 

fleet,  classis,  is,  f. 

feast,  to,  ^pillor,  atus,  1,  dep. 

fli'sh,  cftro,  camis,  f. 

feather,  penna,  ae,  f.  ;  pluma,  ac,  f. 

flight,  f  flga,  ae,  f .  ;  of  a  bird,  v6la- 

features,  ora,  orum,  n. ;  see  counten- 

tus, us,  m. 

ance. 

floor,  tabttlfitum,  i,  n. 

feeble,  infirmus,  a,  um. 

flourish,  floreo,  ui,  2. 

feed,  pasco,  pavi,  pastum,  3  {trans. ) ; 

floio,  fluo,  xi,  ctum,  3. 

pascor,  passive  {intrans.) 

flower,  flos,  oris,  m. 

feed  on,  vescor,  3,  dep.  {c.  all.). 

fltite-player,  fidlceu,  Inis,  m. 

feel,  sentio,  sensi,  sensum,  4. 

fly,  a,  musca,  ae,  f. 

feign,  aimiAo,  1 ;  fingo,finxi,  fictum, 

fly,  to,  sec  flee  ;  of  a  bird,  v<'Slo,  1. 

3. 

fly  away,  aufttgio,  ffigi,  3. 

fellow,  h5mo,  Inis,  c. 

foavi,  spuma,  ae,  f. 

female,     femtna,     ae,     f.;      {adj.) 

foe,  hostis,  is,  m. 

femlneus,  a,  um. 

folloio,  sgquor,  sGcutus,  3,  dep. 

ferocity,  saevitia,  ae,  f. 

follower,  comgs,  Itis,  c. 

fertile,  fertllis,  e. 

folly,  stultltia,  ae,  f. 

fetch,  see  hrin<j. 

food,  clbus,  i,  m. 

fetter,  compes,  edis,  f. 

fond  of,  st;:diosus,  a,  um. 

few,  paucus,  a,  um. 

fool,  foolish,  stultus,  a,  um. 

field,  ager,  gri,  m. 
fierce,  ferox,  ocis. 

foolishly,  stulte. 

foot,  pes,  pedis,  m. 

fifty,  quinquaginta,  indcl. 

for  {corn.),  nam,  Cnim;  {prep.)  pro 

fig,  fig-tree,  ficus,  i  and  us,  f. 

(c.  abl.). 

fight,  pugua,  ae,  f. 

foray,  incursio,  onis,  f. 

fight,  to,  pugno,  1. 

forbid,  veto,  ui,  itum,  1  ;  prohlbeo, 

fijjure,  flgura,  ae,  f. 

ui,  Itum,  2. 

filial  affection,  i)ietas,  atis,  f. 

force,  vis,  ace.  vim,  cd>l.  vi,  f. 

fill,  repleo,  plevi,  pletum,  2, 

force,  to,  see  compel. 

finally,  denique. 

forced  nuirches,  magna  itinera. 

find,  invCnio,  veni,  ventum,  4. 

forces,  coplae,  arum,  f. 

fine,  multa,  ae,  f. 

forehead,  frons,  ntis,  m. 

fine,  to,  multo,  1. 

foreign,    externus,    a,    um  ;    pfre- 

finger,  digitus,  i,  m. 

grinus,  a,  um. 

finish,    conflcio,    feci,    fectum,    3 ; 

foresee,  provldeo,  vldi,  visum,  2. 
forest,  siiva,  ae,  f. 

pfirago,  egi,  actum,  3. 

fire,  ignis,  is,  m. 

foretell,  praedico,  dixi,  dictum,  3. 

firm,  firmus,  a,  um. 

forget,  obliviscor,  oblitus,  3,  deji 

first,  primus,  a,  um. 

(c.  gen.). 

fish,  piscis,  is,  m. 

forgetful,  immgmor,  Oris  (c.  gen.). 

fishei-man,  piscator,  oris,  m. 

form,  forma,  ae,  f. 

fit,    aptus,    a,    um ;     Idoneus,    a. 

former,  prior,  prius. 

um. 

formerly,  olim,  quondam. 

five,  quinque,  indcl. 

formidable,  formidolosus,  a,  um. 

fix,  figo,  xi,  xum,  3. 

fort,  castrum,  i,  n, ;  castellum,  i,  n. 

188 


English-Latin  Vocabulary. 


fortify,  munio,  ivi  or  ii,  itum,  4. 

Gabii,  Gabii,  orum,  m. 

fortunate,  felix,  icis. 

gain,  quaestus,  us,  m. ;  lucrum,  i, 

fortune,  fortima,  ae,  f. 

n. 

forty,  quadraginta,  indcl. 

gain,  to,  acquiro,  quisivi,  quisitum. 

forum,  f5rum,  i,  n. 

3 ;  paro,  1. 

found,  condo,  didi,  ditum,  3. 

gain  possession  of,  p5tior,  Ttus,  4, 

founder,  condltor,  oris,  m. 

dep.  (c.  abl.) 

four,  quatuor,  indcl. 

Gallic,  Gallicus,  a,  iim. 

fourteen,  quatuordecim,  indcl. 

gallows,  crux,  cnlcis,  f. 

four     horse     chariot,      qnadrigae, 

game,  ludus,  i,  m. 

arum,  f. 

garden,  hortus,  i,  m. 

fourth,  qnartus,  a,  nm. 

gaoler.     See  jailer. 

four  times,  quater. 

garland,  sertum,  i,  n. 

fowl,  vClucris,  is,  f.  ;  domestic  fowl, 

garment,  vestis,  is,  f. 

gallina,  ae,  f. 

gat'rison,  praesldium,  i,  n. 

fowler,  auceps,  ciipis,  m. 

gate,  ianua,  ae,  f.  ;  porta,  ae,  f. 

France,  Gallia,  ae,  f. 

gather,     l6go,     legi,     lectum,     3; 

free,  liber,  era,  erum. 

coUggo,  legi,  lectum,  3. 
Ga7fl,  Gallia,  ae,  f. 

free,  to,  libSro,  1. 

freedman,  llbertus,  i,  m. 

Gaul,  a,  Gallus,  i,  m. 

freedom,  llbertas,  atis,  f. 

gem.,  gemma,  ae,  f. 

French,  Gallicus,  a,  um. 

general,  dux,  dilcis,  m. ;  impgrator, 

frequent,  creber,  bra,  brum. 

oris,  m. 

frequently,  saepe. 

generally,  f6re. 

fresh,     rgcens,     ntis ;     nOvus,     a. 

generosity,  libgralltas,  utis,  f. 

um. 

Geneva,  Geneva,  ae,  f. 

friend,  friendly,  amicus,  a,  um. 
friendship,  amlcitia,  ae,  f. 

genius,  inggnium,  i,  n. 

gentleness,  comltas,  atis,  f. 

frighten,  terreo,  ui,  2. 

gently,  leniter. 

fro(j,  rana,  ae,  f. 

German,  Germanus,  a,  um. 

from,  a,  e,  or  ex,  de  {all  c.  all. ) 

Germany,  Germania,  ae,  f. 

from  a  distance,  eminus. 

get  possession  of,  pStior,  Itus,  4,  dep. 

front,  in,  adversus,  a,  um. 

(c.  ahl). 

frost,  g6lu,  indcl. 

giant,  gigas,  antis,  m. 

frugal,  parcus,  a,  um. 

gift,  donum,  i,  n. 

frugality,  parsimonia,  ae,  f. 

gild,  Inauro,  1. 

fruit,  fructus,  us,  m. 

gird,  cingo,  nxi,  nctum,  3. 

fruitful,  fertilis,  e. 

girl,  puella,  ae,  f. 

Fuffetius,  Fuffetius,  i,  m. 

give,  do,  dfidi,  datum,  1. 

fugitive,  ftigitl\n.is,  a,  um. 

give  hade,  reddo,  didi,  ditum,  3. 

fulfil,   perficio,    feci,    fectum,    3 ; 

give  birth  to,  pario,  pepgri,  partum, 

expleo,  plevi,  pletum,  2. 

3. 

full,  plenus,  a,  um. 

give  up,  trado,  didi,  ditum,  3. 

funeral,   funus,    6ris,    n.  ;  funeral 

glad,  laetus,  a,  um. 

rites,  inferiae,  arum,  f. 

glass,  vitrum,  i,  n. 

funny,  iScosus,  a,  um. 

Glaucus,  Glaucus,  i,  m. 

furrow,  sulcus,  i,  m. 

glitter,  mico,  ui,  1. 

fary,  furor,  oris,  m.  ,  impetus,  us, 

gloomy,  tristis,  e. 

m. 

glorious,  praeclarus,  a,  um. 

future,  futilrus,  a,  um. 

glory,  gloria,  ae,  f. 

English  Latin  Vocabulary. 


189 


gloWy  to,  ardeo,  rsi,  rsum,  2. 

grieve,  dOleo,  ui,  2  (intrans. );  ango, 

go,  eo,  ivi  or  ii,  Itum,  4. 

xi,  ctum,  3  {trans.) 

go  axcay,  abeo,  ii,  Itum,  4. 

groan,  ggmltus,  us,  m. 

go  hi/,  praetCreo,  ivi  or  ii,  Ituni,  4. 

groan,  to,  gCmo,  ui,  Itum,  3. 

go  forth,   or  out,  exeo,  ivi  or  ii. 

grrou/JcZ,  htlmus,  i,  f.  ;  on  the  ground, 

Itum,  4. 

httmi. 

go  on,  procedo,  cessi,  cessum,  3. 

grove,  lucus,  i,  m. 

go  under,  stibeo,  ii,  Itum,  4. 

groio,  crcsco,  cre\n,  cretum,  3. 

goal,  mC'ta,  ae,  f. 

guard,  custos,  odis,  c. 

goat,    caper,     pri,     m.  ;    she-goat, 

guard,  to,  custodio,  ivi  or  ii,  itum, 

capella,  ae,  f. 

4. 

goat-footed,  caprlpes,  pgdis. 

guest,  hospes,  Itis,  c. 

god,  deus,  i,  m. 

guide,  dux,  dtlcis,  m. 

goddess,  dea,  ae,  f. 

guide,  to,  duco,  duxi,  ductum,  3. 

gods  below,  the,  InfCri,  orum,  m. 

guilt,  culpa,  ae,  f ;  scClus,  eris,  n. 

gold,  aurum,  i,  n. 

golden,  aureus,  a,  um. 

good,  bdnus,  a,  um. 

Habit,  mos,  moris,  m. 

good-nature,  fAcUltas,  atis,  f. 

hail,  grando,  Inis,  f. 

goodwill,  bCnevolentia,  ae,  f. 

hail,  salve,  def. 

goose,  anser,  Cris,  m. 

hair,  crinis,  is,  m ;  of  an  animal. 

Gorgon,  Gorgon,  6nis,  f. 

pllus,  i,  m. 
half,  dimldium,  i,  n. 

govern,  rCgo,  rexi,  rectum,  3. 

government,  imp6rium,  i,  n. 

hall,  aula,  ae,  f. 

grace,  gratia,  ae,  f. 

Iialt,  cousisto,  stlti,  stltum,  3. 

Graces,  the,  Gratiae,  arum,  f. 

hand,   manus,   us,   f ;    right  fuind, 

graciousness,     facllitas,     atis,     f.  ; 

dextra  ;  left  Jiand,  sinistra. 

comltas,  atis,  f. 

haiul  down,  trado,  didi,  dltum,  3. 

grandfather,  avus,  i,  m. 

Tiandsome,  pulcher,  chra,  chrum. 

grandson,  n6pos,  otis,  m. 

hajig,  pendeo,  pdpendi,  pensum,  2 
{i7itrans.);  pendo,  pt^pendi,  i)en- 

grant,  see  give. 

grape,  iiva,  ae,  f. 

sum,  3  {trans.) 

grapnel,  uncus,  i,  m. 

hanging,  suspendium,  i,  n. 

grapple  with,   prCheudo,  di,   sum, 

Hannibal,  Hannibal,  alis,  m. 

3. 

Hanno,  Hanno,  onis,  m. 

grass,  herba,  ae,  f. 

luippen,  accldo,  cidi,  3;  contingo, 

gratefid,  gratus,  a,  um. 

^  tigi,  3. 

gratitude,  gi*atia,  ae,  f. 

happy,  felix,  icis. 

gray,  cauus,  a,  um. 

harass,  vexo,  1. 

great,  magnus,  a,  um. 

harbour,  poi-tus,  us,  m. 

greatly,  magn5pere,  valdc. 

hard,  durus,  a,  um. 

greatness,  mamitudo,  luis,  f. 
Grecian,  Greek,  Graecus,  a,  um. 

harden,  duro,  1. 

hardy,  robustus,  a,  um. 

Greece,  Graecia,  ae,  f. 

hare,  l6pus,  oris,  m. 
harm,  detrimentum,  i,  n. 

greedy,  avidus,  a,  um. 

green,  virldis,  e. 

Iiarmfid,  noxius,  a,  um. 

green,  to  grow,  viresco,  3. 

liai-mless,  innoxius,  a,  um. 

greeting,  salus,  \"itis,  f. 

Iiarp,  cithara,  ae,  f. 

grief,  d6lor,  oris,  m.  ;  luctus,  (is, 

harper,  citharista,  ae,  m. 

m. 

Iiarvest,  messis,  is,  i. 

190 


English-Latin  Vocabulary. 


Hasdruhal,  Hsadrubal,  ^lis,  m. 

hide,  c6rium,  i,  n. 

hasten,    festino,     1 ;     propero,     1  ; 

hide,    to,    condo,    didi,    ditum,    3; 

maturo,  1. 

abdo,  didi,  ditum,  3. 

hastily,  t6m6re. 

hiding  place,  latebra,  ae,  f. 

hatch,  excludo,  si,  sum,  3. 

high,  altus,  a,  um. 

hate,  odium,  i,  n. 

highbred,  ingCnuus,  a,  um. 

hate,  to,  odi,  def. 

highest,  summus,  a,  um. 

hated,  invisus,  a,  um. 

highly,  magni. 

hatred,  see  hate. 

hill,  collis,  is,  m. 

have,  habeo,  ui,  itum,  2. 

himself^  se  {ace.) 

haughty,  fCrox,  ocis. 

hind,  cerva,  ae,  f. 

haunt,  frgquento,  1. 

hinder,  impfidio,  ivi  or  ii,  itum,  4. 

hawlc,  acclpiter,  tris,  m. 

hire,  conduco,  duxi,  ductum,  3. 

hazard,  al6a,  ae,  f. 

historian,  auctor,  oris,  m. 

he,  ille,  a,  ud  ;  is,  ea,  id. 

hither,  hue. 

head,  caput,  itis,  n. 

hitherto,  adhiic. 

headlong,  praeceps,  cipitis. 

hold,    teneo,    ui,    2;     habeo,    ui, 

health,  sAlus,  litis,  f. 

itum,  2. 

healthy,    saiius,   a,   um ;   health/id, 

hold  out,  porrigo,  rexi,  rectum,  3. 

saiuber,  bris,  bre. 

hole,  cavum,  i,  ii. 

heap,  acervus,  i,  m. 

holiday,  feriae,  arum,  f. 

hear,  audio,  ivi  or  ii,  itum,  4. 

hollow,  cavus,  a,  um. 

hearer,  auditor,  oris,  m. 

holy,  sacer,  era,  crum. 

heart,  cor,  dis,  n. 

home,    d5mus,    us,    f.;     at    home, 

hearth,  fdcus,  i,  m. 

domi. 

heat,  calor,  oris,  m. 

honest,  pr6bus,  a,  um. 

heaven,  caelum,  i,  n. 

Iionesty,  pr5bitas,  atis,  f. 

heavy,  gravis,  e. 

honey,  mel,  lis,  n. 

hedgehog,  echinus,  i,  m. 

honour,  li5nor,  oris,  m. 

heel,  calx,  cis,  f. 

honour,  to,  hSnoro,  1. 

he-goat,  caper,  pri,  m. 

honourable,  honestus,  a,  um. 

heir,  heres,  edis,  c. 

hoof,  ungala,  ae,  f. 

HeUna,  Helena,  ae,  f. 

hook,  hamus,  i,  m. 

helmet,  galea,  ae,  f. 

hope,  spes,  spei,  f. 

help,  auxilium,  i,  n. 

Horatius,  Horatius,  i,  m. 

help,  to,  iiivo,  iuvi,  iutum,  1  ;  sub- 

Horatii,  the,  Horatii,  orum,  m. 

v6nio,  veni,  ventum,  4  (c.  dat.) 

horn,  cornu,  us,  n. 

Kelvetii,  the,  Helvetii,  orum,  m. 

horrible,  dirus,  a,  um. 

hemlock,  cicuta,  ae,  f. 

horrid,  horridus,  a,  um. 

hen,  gallina,  ae,  f. 

horse,  6quus,  i,  m. 

hence,  hinc. 

horsemM7i,  eques,  itis,  m. 

herald,  praeco,  onis,  m. 

hospitality,  hosiiitium,  i,  n. 

herb,  herbage,  herba,  ae,  f . ;  grameu, 

host,  hosp6s,  Itis,  m. 

inis,  n. 

hostage,  obses,  idis,  c. 

Hercules,  Herctiles,  is,  m. 

hostile,  infestus,  a,  um. 

herd,  p6cus,  oris,  n. 

Hostiliv^,  Hostilius,  i,  m. 

here,  hie. 

hound,  canis,  is,  c. 

hero,  heros,  ois,  m. 

hour,  hora,  ae,  f. 

hesitate,  diibito,  1, 

house,  dSmus,  us,  f. 

hesitation,  cunctatio,  onis,  f. 

household,  familia,  ae,  f. 

English-Latin  Vocabulary. 


191 


how,  quam,  quom5do ;  how  greaty 
quantiis,  a,  um  ;  hoio  many,  quot ; 
how  often,  qiiftties ;  how  lon<j, 
quamdiu. 

howdah,  turris,  is,  f. 

however,  ttlmcii. 

huge,  ingens,  tis. 

human,  humanus,  a,  uni. 

human  being,  h6mo,  in  is,  c. 

humanity,  see  clemency. 

humble,  hiimllis,  e. 

hundred,  centum,  indcl. 

hunger,  fames,  is,  f. 

hung}-y,  to  be,  estirio,  itum,  4. 

hunt,  venor,  atus,  1  dep. 

hunter,  huntsman,  veniitor,  oris,  m, 

hunting,  venatio,  onis,  f. 

hurdle,  crates,  is,  f. 

hui'l,  iacio,  ieci,  iactum,  3. 

hu7-l  down,  deilcio,  ieci,  iectum,  3. 

hurry,  see  hasten. 

hurtful,  noxius,  a,  um. 

husband,  milritus,  i,  m. 

husbandman,  agrlcola,  ae,  m. 

Hydra,  Hydra,  ae,  f. 


/,  f'go,  mei. 

]J>is,  ibis,  Idis,  f. 

ichneumon,  ichneumon,  onis,  m. 

idea,  notio,  onis,  f. 

idle,  ignavus,  a,  um. 

idleness,  ignavia,  ae,  f. 

if  si. 

ignorant,  ignarus,  a,  um. 

ignorant,  to  be,  ignOro,   1  ;  nescio, 

ii,  4. 
ill,  malus,  a,  um ;  sick,  aeger,  gra, 

grum  ;  {subst. )  malum,  i,  n. 
ill  [adv. ),  aegre. 
illness,  morbus,  i,  m. 
ill-tim£d,  inopportunus,  a,  um. 
ill-tongued,  mal6dlcus,  a,  um. 
illust7'iou8,    clarus,    a,    um ;    illus- 

tris,  e. 
image.  Imago,  Inis,  f. 
imagine,  piito,  1. 
imitate,  Imitor,  1,  dep. 
immediately,  statim. 
immense,  ingens,  ntis. 


immortal,  immortalis,  e. 
immx)rtality,  immortalltas,  atis,  f. 
impatient,  impatiens,  tis. 
impede,  imi:)tjdio,  ivi  or  ii,  itum,  4. 
impel,  imi^ello,  pflli,  pulsum,  3. 
imperial,  impf'ratorius,  a,  um. 
imjyertinence,  ins6lentia,  ae,  f. 
impious,  impius,  a,  um. 
implore,  oro,  1. 
imjMrtant,  magnus,  a,  um. 
importune,  fatigo,  1. 
impose,  impono,  p5sui,  p<5sltum,  3. 
impudent,  impttdens,  tis. 
impudently,  imptldenter. 
impulse,  motus,  us,  m. 
impunity,  ivitli,  impune. 
impute,  attrlbuo,  ui,  litum,  3. 
in,  in  (c.  abl.) 

in  the  jyower  of,  p^nes  (c.  ace. ) 
in  the  presence  of  coram  (c.  abl. ) 
incite,    stlmftlo,    1  ;    m6veo,    movi, 

motum,  2. 
increase,   augeo,    auxi,   auctum,    2 

{trans.);    cresco,    crevi,    crCtum 

(intrans. ) 
incredible,  incrudlbllis,  e. 
incur,  contraho,  traxi,  tractum,  3, 
incursion,  incursio,  onis,  f. 
hidecency,  impttdentia,  ae,  f. 
indeed,  quidem. 
India,  India,  ae,  f. 
Indian,  Indlcus,  a,  um. 
indolence,  ignavia,  ae,  f. 
industry,  industria,  ae,  f. 
infantry,  p6ditatus,  us,  m. 
infect,  inflcio,  feci,  fectum,  3. 
infirm,  infirmus,  a,  um. 
infii-m.ity,  infirmitas,  atis,  f. 
infernal  regions,  see  gods  below, 
inflame,  incendo,  di,  sum,  3. 
inflict,  infgro,  tuli,  illatum,  ferre. 
influence,  mftveo,  movi,  motura,  2. 
inform,  certiorem  fac6re. 
informer,  delator,  oris,  m.;  index, 

Icis,  c. 
in  front,  ad  versus,  a,  um. 
ingenuity,  sollertia,  ae,  f. 
inglorious,  inglorius,  a,  um. 
inhabit,   incOlo,   colui,    cultum,   3 ; 

hablto,  1. 


192 


English-Latin  Vocabulary. 


inhabitant,  iiicola,  ae,  c. 

injure,  laedo,  si,  sum,  8 ;  ii6ceo,  ui, 
itum,  2  (c.  dat.) 

injur  If,  iniuria,  ae,  f. 

inn,  diversorium,  i,  n. 

innkeeper,  caiipo,  onis,  ni. 

innocence,  iunocentia,  ae,  f. 

innocent,  innocens,  tis. 

innumerable,  inntlmgrabilis,  e. 

inquire,  quaero,  quaesivi,  quac- 
sltum,  3  ;  rogo,  1. 

inquiry,  quaestio,  onis,  f. 

insatiable,  inexplebilis,  e. 

inscribe,  inscribo,  scripsi,  scrip- 
turn,  3. 

insert,  ins6ro,  ui,  turn,  3. 

insolence,  insolentia,  ae,  f. 

insolent,  ins5lens,  tis. 

inspect,  inspicio,  spexi,  spectum,  3. 

inspire,  stimtilo,  1. 

instance,  exemplum,  i,  n. 

instead  of,  pro  (c.  abl.) 

instinct,  instinctus,  us,  ni. 

instruct,  ddceo,  ui,  ctum,  2. 

instrument,  instrumentum,  i,  ii. 

insufficient,  iinpar,  is. 

insult,  contumelia,  ae,  f. 

insult,  to,  illudo,  si,  sum,  3  [c.  dat.) 

integritfj,  probitas,  iltis,  f. 

intellect,  inggnium,  i,  n. 

intend,  statuo,  ui,  utum,  3. 

intent,  iutentus,  a,  um. 

intention,  consilium,  i,  n. 

inter,  sSpglio,  ivi  or  ii,  pultum,  4. 

intercept,  intercludo,  si,  sum,  3, 

intercourse,  consuetudo,  inis,  f. 

interfere  with,  interccdo,  cessi, 
cessum,  3  (c.  dat.) 

interpret,  interpr6tor,  1. 

intei'rupt,  interrumxjo,  rupi,  rup- 
tum,  3. 

into,  in  (c.  ace) 

introduce,  induco,  duxi,  ductuiu,  3. 

invade,  invado,  si,  sum,  3. 

in  turn,  invicem. 

in  vain,  frustra. 

invaluable,  prfitiosissimus,  a,  um. 

inventor,  inventor,  oris,  m. 

invincible,  invictus,  a,  um. 

invite,  invito,  1. 


invoke,  invSco,  1. 
involved,  obstrictus,  a,  um. 
Iphirjenia,  Iphigenia,  ae,  f. 
Ireland,  Hibernia,  ae,  f. 
Irishman,  Hibernus,  a,  um. 
iron  [subst.),   ferrum;   [adj.),  fcr- 

reus,  a,  um. 
irritate,  irrito,  ]. 
island,  insula,  ae,  f. 
it,  see  he. 
Italy,  Italia,  ae,  f. 
ivory  [subst.),  ebur,  5ris,  n;  [adj.) 

fiburnus,  a,  um. 
ivy,  hedera,  ae,  f. 

Jailer,  ianitor,  oris,  m. 

Janicidum,  laniculum,  i,  n. 

jar,  vas,  vasis,  n. 

javelin,  iaculum,  i,  n. 

jaw,  mala,  ae,  f. 

jest,  iocus,  i,  ra  ;  pi.  i  and  a. 

join,  iungo,  nxi,  netum,  3. 

joint,  articulus,  i,  m. 

journey,  Iter,  itinSris,  n. 

joy,  gaudium,  i,  n. 

joyful,  laetus,  a,  um. 

joyfully,  laete. 

judge,  itidex,  icis,  m. 

judge,  to,  iudico,  1. 

judgment,  indicium,  i,  n. 

juice,  ius,  iuris,  n. 

Jidia,  Iidia,  ae,  f. 

jump,  saltus,  us,  U). 

jump,  to,  salto,  1. 

jumjyer,  saltator,  oris,  m. 

Juno,  luno,  onis,  f. 

Jupiter,  luppiter,  I5vis,  m. 

just,  iustus,  a,  um. 

just  [adv.),  tantum  non. 

justice,  iustitia,  ae,  f . ;  ius,  iuris.  m. 


Keep,  tSneo,  ui,  2 ;  servo,  1. 
keep  off,  arceo,  ui,  2. 
keeper,  custos,  odis,  c. 
key,  clavis,  is,  f. 
kill,  interficio,  feci,  fectum,  3. 
kind,  geims,  6ris,  n. 
kindle,  incendo,  di,  sum,  3. 
kindly,  benigne. 


English-Latin  Vocabulary. 


193 


kindliness,   kindness,    b^nltas,   atis, 
f.  ;  a  kindness,  bCneflciuni,  i,  n. 
kindred,  propinqui,  orum,  m. 
king,  rex,  regis,  m. 
kingdom,  regnum,  i,  n. 
kiss,  osctllor,  1  dep. 
knave,  n6bftlo,  onis,  m. 
knee,  genu,  us,  n. 
knife,  culter,  tri,  m. 
knight,  6ques,  Itis,  m. 
knightly,  fiquester,  tris,  tre. 
knot,  nodus,  i,  m. 
know,  scio,  ivi  or  ii,  Itum,  4. 
knowledge,  scientia,  ae,  f 
knoion,  notus,  a,  um. 


Labienus.  Labienus,  i,  m. 
laborious,  arduus,  a,  um. 
labour,  labor,  oris,  m. 
labour,  to,  laboro,  1. 
Lacedaemonian,  Lac6daem6nius,  a, 

um  :      Lacedaemonian     woman, 

Lacaena,  ae,  f. 
lack,  6geo,  ui,  2 ;  careo,  ui,  2. 
Laconia,  Laconia,  ae,  f. 
laden,  dnustus,  a,  um. 
Laevinus,  Laevinus,  i,  m. 
lady,  mttlier,  6ris,  f. 
lake,  lacus,  us,  m. 
lamb,  agnus,  i,  m. 
lame,  claudus,  a,  um. 
lament,  lu^eo,  xi,  etum,  2  {trans.) ; 

d6leo,  ui,  itum,  2  {intrans.) 
lamentation,  maeror,  oris,  m.,  see 

grief, 
lance,  hasta,  ae,  f. 
land,  terra,  ae,  f. ;  ager,  gri,  m, 
land  (adj.),  terrestris,  e. 
landlord,  caupo,  onis,  m. 
large,  magnus,  a,  um. 
last,  ultlmus,  a,  um. 
last,  at,  tandem. 
lasting,  p^-rennis,  c. 
late,  tardus,  a,  um      erus,  a,  um. 
lately,  nfiper. 
Latin,  Latlnus,  a,  um. 
latter,   the  former  .  .  .  the   latter, 

ille  .  .  .  hie. 
Latona,  Latona,  ae,  f. 

BL.w. 


laugh,  rideo,  si,  sum,  2. 

laugh  at,  irrideo,  si,  sum,  2  (c.  dai.) 

laughing-stock,  ludibrium,  i,  n. 

Laurentia,  Laurentia,  ae,  f. 

lavish,  prodl^s,  a,  um. 

law,  lex,  legis,  f. 

laiojfnl,  legltlmus,  a,  um. 

lawful,  it  is,  licet,  uit,  2,  impers. 

lay,  lay  aside,  see  place. 

lay    down,    depono,    p6sui,     posi- 

tum,  3. 
^y  {''OOs),  pario,  p^peri,  partum,  .3. 
lay  tuaste,  vasto,  1. 
laziness,  Inertia,  ae,  f. 
lazy,  segnis,  e  ;  Iners,  tis. 
lead,  plumbum,  i,  n. 
lead,  duco,  xi,  ctum,  3. 
lead  out,  edueo,  xi,  ctum,  3. 
leaden,  plumbeus,  a,  um. 
leader,  dux,  dttcis,  m. 
leaf,  frons,  dis,  f. 
leap,  saltus,  us,  m. 
leap,  to,  salio,  ii  or  tti,  saltum,  4. 
leap  across,  transllio,  ui,  sultum,  4. 
leap  down,  desilio,  sllui,  sultum,  4. 
I  leap  forth,  exsllio,  sllui,  sultum,  4. 
leaper,  saltator,  oris,  m. 
learn,  disco,  didici,  3. 
learned,  doctus,  a,  um. 
learning,  doctrina,  ae,  f. 
least,  minimus,  a,  um. 
leave,  to,  linquo,  llqui,  lictum,  3; 

r6linquo,  llqui,  lictum,  3. 
leave,  pdtestas,  atis,  f. 
left,  rellquus,  a,  um. 
left  {hand),  sinister,  tra,  trum. 
leg,  cms,  cruris,  n. 
legate,  legatus,  i,  m. 
legion,  l6gio,  onis,  f. 
legionary,  l§gionarius,  a,  um. 
leisure,  otium,  i,  n. 
leisure,  to  have,  vaco,  1. 
Lemnos,  Lemnos,  i,  f. 
lend,  credo,  didi,  ditum,  S. 
length,  longitude,  Inis,  f. 
length,  at,  tandem. 
Lentulus,  Lentalus,  i,  m. 
Leonidas,  Leonldas,  ae,  m. 
less,  minor,  us. 
less,  for,  minoris. 

N 


194 


English-Latin  Vocabulary. 


lessen,  deminuo,  ui,  utum,  3. 

lest,  ne. 

let  go,  dimitto,  misi,  missimi,  3. 

Utter,  litgrae,  arum,  f. ;  letter  of  the 
alphabet,  lit6ra,  ae,  f. 

level,  aeqiius,  a,  um. 

level,  to,  aequo,  1. 

levy,  a,  delectus,  us,  m. 

ievy,  to,  conscribo,  psi,  ijtum,  3. 

liar,  mendax,  acis. 

liberality,  munificentia,  ae,  f. 

liberate,  lib6ro,  1. 

liberty,  llbertas,  atis,  f. 

liclc,  lingo,  nxi,  netum,  3. 

Victor,  lictor,  oris,  m. 

lie  {to  tell  lies),  mentior,  Itus,  4  dep. 

lie,  lie  down,  iaceo,  ui,  itum,  2, 

lie  hid,  lateo,  ui,  2. 

lie  in  ambush,  in  wait  for,  insidior, 
1  dep.  (c.  dat.) 

life,  vita,  ae,  f. 

light,  lux,  lucis,  f.;  lumen,  inis,  n. 

light,  l6vis,  e. 

lighted,  accensus,  a,  um. 

lighten,  l6vo,  1. 

lightning,  fulgCir,  tlris,  n. 

like,  similis,  e. 

like,  to,  see  to  love. 

likeness,  simllitudo,  inis,  f. 

Vmib,  membrum,  i,  n. 

limit,  finis,  is,  m  ;  limes,  itis,  m. 

line — of  battle,  acies,  ei,  f. 

line — of  march,  agmen,  inis,  n. 

linger,  cunctor,  1  dep. 

lion,  leo,  onis,  m. 

lip,  labrum,  i,  n. 

listen  to,  audio,  ivi  or  ii,  itum,  4. 

literature,  litfirae,  arum,  f. 

litter,  lectica,  ae,  f. 

little,  parvus,  a,  um. 

live,  to,  vivo,  vixi,  victum,  3. 

live  on,  vescor,  3  dep.  (c.  abl. ) 

load,  5nus,  6ris,  n. 

load,  to,  on6ro,  1. 

lofty,  altus,  a,  um. 

log,  lignum,  i,  n. 

long,  longus,  a,  vim. 

long-haired,  c6matus,  a,  um. 

look,  look  at,  aspicio,  spexi,  spec- 
turn,  3. 


look    back,    resj)icio,    spexi,    spec- 

tum,  3. 
look  for,   quaero,  quaesivi,    quae- 

situra,  3. 
look  on,  aspecto,  1. 
look,  a,  vultus,  us,  m. 
lord,  dSminus,  i,  m. 
lose,  perdo,  didi,  ditum,  3  ;  amitto, 

misi,  missum,  3. 
loss,  damnum,  i,  n. 
lot,  sors,  tis,  f. 

loud,  altus,  a,  um  ;  magnus,  a,  um. 
lovable,  amabllis,  e. 
love,  amor,  oris,  m. 
love,  to,  amo,  1 ;  diligo,  lexi,  lec- 

tum,  3. 
lover,  amator,  oris,  m. 
loving,  amans,  tis. 
low,  lowly,  htlmilis,  e. 
lower,  inferior,  us. 
hv)er,  to,  demitto,  misi,  missum,  3. 
Lucilius,  Lucilius,  i,  m. 
Lucius,  Lticius,  i,  m. 
luck,  fortuna,  ae,  f. 
lucky,  felix,  icis  ;  favistus,  a,  um. 
Lucullus,  Liicullus,  i,  m. 
lunatic,  insanus,  a,  um  ;  aniens,  tis. 
luxury,  luxiiria,  ae,  f. 
Lydia,  Lydia,  ae,  f. 
lyre,  lyra,  ae,  f. 
Lysimachus,  Lysimadius,  i,an. 


Macedon,  Macedonia,  Mac6d6nia, 

ae,  f. 
Macedonian,  Mac6donicus,  a,  um. 
Macedonians,       the,       Mac6d6nes, 

onum,  m. 
machine,  machina,  ae,  f. 
Tnad,  insanus,  a,  um  ;  amens,  tis. 
mad,  to  be,  insanio,  ivi  or  ii,  4. 
madness,  insania,  ae,  f.;   amentia, 

ae,  f. 
magistrate,  magistratus,  us,  m. 
'magnanimity,  magnanimitas,    atis, 

f. 
magpie,  pica,  ae,  f. 
Maharbal,  Maharbal,  alis,  m. 
Maia,  Maia,  ae,  f. 
maid,  anciila,  ae,  f. 


English-Latin  Vocabulary. 


195 


tentxim,  2. 
make,  facio,  feci,  factum,  3. 
Tiuike  haste,  festino,  1 ;  pr6p6ro,  1  ; 

mfituro,  1. 
make  tcay,  cedo,  cessi,  cessum,  3. 
male,  mas,  maris. 
malignant,  millc^flciis,  a,  um. 
mallet,  malleus,  i,  m. 
'man,  vir,  i,  m  ;  homo,  iiiis,  c. 
manage,  admlnistro,  1. 
manager  {of  a  theatre),  liidlmagis- 

ter,  tri,  m. 
vwnijest,  manlfestus,  a,  um. 
Manias,  Manius,  i,  m. 
ManUu/i,  Manlius,  i,  m. 
mxinhj,  virilis,  e  ;  brave,  fortis,  e. 
manner,  mos,  moris,  m ;  mtidus,  i, 

m. 
manure,  stercus,  5ris,  n. 
mantj,  multus,  a,  um. 
marble,    marmor,    oris,    ii ;    {adj.) 

marm5reus,  a,  um. 
march,  to,  prdflciscor,  fectus,  3  dep. ; 

contendo,  di,  tum,  3. 
march,  iter,  itinCris,  n. 
Marcus,  Marcus,  i,  m. 
mark,  signum,  i,  n  ;  nota,  ae,  f. 
marry,  as  a  man,  duco    duxi,  duc- 

tum,    3  ;    as    a    loomxin,    nubo, 

nupsi,  nuptum,  3  (c.  dat.) 
Mars,  Mars,  tis,  m. 
marsh,  pAlfis,  udis,  f. 
martial,  martius,  a,  um. 
mass,  moles,  is,  f. 
master,  d6mlnus,  i,  m  ;  of  a  school, 

magister,  tri,  m. 
//latter,  res,  rei,  f. 
matters,  it,  refert,  impers. 
nnayor,  praefectus,  i,  m, 
meadow,  pratum,  i,  n. 
meanness,  avaritia,  ae,  f. 
means,  opes,  um,  f. ;  copia,  ae,  f. 
p      Tneanwhile,  int6rea,  interim. 
t      measure,  mSdus,  i,  m. 

measure,  to,  metier,  mensus,  4,  dep. 
meat,  caro,  carnis,  f. 
Mecenas,  Mecenas,  atis,  m. 
meditate,  coglto,  1. 
Medusttf  Medusa,  ae,  f. 


meet,  aptus,  a,  um. 

m£et,  to,  occurro,  curri,  cursum,  3 

(c.  dat.) ;  (adv.),  obviam  (c.  dat.) 
memorable,  insignis,  e. 
Menelaus,  MenClaus,  i,  m. 
Menenius,  Meuenius,  i,  m. 
mention,  mentio,  onis,  f. 
merchant,  mercator,  oris,  m. 
merchantman,  Onfiraria  navis. 
mercy,  dementia,  ae,  f. 
merited,  mgrltus,  a,  um, 
message,  nuntius,  i,  m. 
messenger,  nuntius,  i,  m. 
metal,  mfetallum,  i,  n. 
Metellus,  MStellus,  i,  m. 
middle,  m6dius,  a,  um  ;  in  tJie  midst, 

in  medio  ;  midnight,  media  nox. 
might,  vis,  ace.  vim,  abl.  vi,  f. 
mighty,  p5tens,  tis  ;  ingens,  tis. 
mildness,  lenltas,  atis,  f. 
mile,  say  a  thousand  paces, 
milestone,  terminus,  i,  m. 
Miletus,  Miletus,  i,  f. 
militai'y,  milltaris,  e. 
milk,  lac,  tis,  n. 
Milo,  Mile,  onis,  m. 
mina,  mina,  ae,  f. 
mind,  mens,  tis,  f. ;  animus,  i.  m. 
mindful,  mumor,  5ris  (c.  gen.) 
mine,  mens,  a,  um. 
mingle,  misceo,  ui,  xtum,  2. 
miracle,  miraciilum,  i,  n. 
miraculous,  mirus,  a,  um. 
mirth,  laetltia,  le,  f. 
miserable,    mls<  rabllis,   e  ;    miser, 

era,  erum. 
miserably,  mls6re. 
misery,  dolor,  oris,  m. 
misfortune,  malum,  i,  u  ;  calamltas, 

atis,  f. 
mistake,  error,  oris,  m. 
mistress,  h6ra,  ae,  f . ;  d5mlna,  ac,  f . 
mix,  see  mingle. 
mx)b,  turba,  ae,  f. 
mock,  ludo,  si,  sum,  3. 
mockery,  ludibrium,  i,  n. 
moderation,  muddratio,  onis,  f. 
modest,  mOdestus,  a,  um. 
modesty,  modestia,  ae,  f. 
moist,  humldus,  a,  um. 


196 


English-Latin  Vocabulary. 


moisture,  hfimor,  oris,  m. 

national,  patrius,  a,  um. 

mole,  talpa,  ae,  c. 

native,  a,  incola,  ae,  c. 

money,  sum  of  money,  p6cunia,  ae,  f. 

nature,  natura,  ae,  f. 

monster,  monstrum,  i,  n. 

naval,  navalis,  e. 

month,  mensis,  is,  m. 

navigation,  navigatio,  onis,  f. 

monument,  monumentum,  i,  n. 

near,  pr6pinquus,  a,  um ;  {prep.). 

moon,  luna,  ae,  f. 

prope,  ad  (c.  ace.) 

more,  plus,  pluris  ;  [adv. ),  magis. 

nearly,  fgre,  paene. 

moreover,  praet6rea. 

near    side    of,   on    the,    cis,    citra 

morning,  mane,  indcl. 

(c.  ace.) 

mortal,  mortalis,  e. 

necessamj,  ngcessarius,  a,  um. 

mother,  mater,  tris,  f. 

necessity,  ngeessltas,  atis,  f. 

motion,  motus,  ils,  m. 

jiecTc,  collum,  i,  n. 

mound,  tumulus,  i,  m. 

need,  opus,  n.  (c.  abl.) 

mount,  ascendo,  di,  sum,  3  j   con- 

needle,  acus,  us,  f. 

scendo,  di,  sum,  3. 

neglect,  negllgo,  lexi,  lectum,  3. 

mountain,  mons,  tis,  m. 

negligence,  incuria,  ae,  f. 

mourn,  lugeo,  xi,  ctum,  2. 

neigh,  hinnitus,  us,  m. 

mournfid,  maestus,  a,  um. 

neigh,  to,  hinnio,  ivi  or  ii,  4. 

mourning,  luctus,  us,  m. 

neigh  at,  adhinnio,  ivi  or  ii,  itum,  4. 

mouse,  mus,  muris,  c. 

neighbour,  neighbouring,  vicinus,  a, 

moidh,  OS,  oris,  n. 

um  ;  finltimus,  a,  um. 

move,  moveo,  vi,  tum,  2. 

neither,  neuter,  tra,  trum ;  {conj.), 

much,    multus,     a,     um ;     {adv.), 

nee,  ngque. 

multum. 

7iepheiv,  ngpos,  otis,  m. 

Mucius,  Mucius,  i,  m. 

Neptune,  Neptunus,  i,  m. 

mud,  llmus,  i,  m. 

Nesstcs,  Nessus,  i,  m. 

multitude,  multitudo,  Inis,  f. 

iVgro,  Nero,  onis,  m. 

Mummius,  Mummius,  i,  m. 

nest,  nidus,  i,  m. 

munificence,  munlficentia,  ae,  f. 

net,  rete,  is,  n. 

murder,  caedes,  is,  f. 

7iever,  nunquam. 

murder,  to,  interficio,  feci,  fectum, 

nevertheless,  tamen. 

3;  trucldo,  1. 

neiu,  novus,  a,  um. 

murderer,  interfector,  oris,  m. 

news,  nuntius,  i,  m. 

murmur,  murmur,  iiris,  n. 

next,  proximus,  a,  um. 

■murmur,  to,  murmttro,  1. 

night,    nox,    noctis,    f.;    hy    night. 

midilate,  rnutilo,  1. 

noctu. 

Mutina,  Miitina,  ae,  f. 

nightinqale,  philomela,  ae,  f. 

my,  meus,  a,  um. 

Nile,  Nllus,  i,  m. 

myrrh,  myrrha,  ae,  f. 

nine,  novem,  indcl. 

myrtle,  myrtus,  i,  f. 

nobility,  nobilltas,  atis,  f. 

noble,  nobilis,  e. 

noble,  nobleman,  princeps,  cipis,  m. 

Naked,  nudus,  a,  um. 

noise,  sonus,  i,  m  ;  clamor,  oris,  m. 

name,  nomen,  Inis,  n. 

nominate,  nomino,  1. 

name,  to,  nomino,  1  ;  v5co,  1. 

none,  nullus,  a,  um  ;  no  one,  nobody, 

narrate,    narro,     1  ;    refgro,    tuli, 

nemo,  ace.  neminem. 

latum,  ferre. 

nose,  nasus,  i,  m. 

narroiu,  angustus,  a,  um. 

not,  non ;  not  even,  ne  .  .  .  quidem. 

nation,  gens,  tis,  f.;  populus,  i,  m. 

noted,  notus,  a,  um. 

English- Latin  Vocabulary. 


19^ 


notlung,  nihil  or  nil,  indcl, 
notice,  anlmadverto,  ti,  sum,  3. 
noticlthstamling ,  tilnien. 
ywitrishy  alo,  alui,  altum  or  alltum, 

3. 
novelty,  nOvttas,  atis,  f. 
noiv,  nunc  ;  iam. 
iwtL'here,  nusquam. 
Nmna,  Niima,  ae,  m. 
number,  nttmSrus,  i,  m. 
mimerotts,  multus,  a,  um. 
Numitor,  Numltor,  oris,  m. 
nurse,  nutrix,  icis,  f. 
nurse,  to,  fuveo,  fovi,  fotum,  2. 
nut,  nux,  nflcis,  f. 
nymph,  nympha,  ae, 


Oak,  quercuB,  us,  f. 

oar,  remus,  i,  m. 

oath,    iusiurandum,     iurisiurandi  ; 

military  oath,  sacramentum,  i,  n. 
obedience,  obsfquium,  i,  n. 
obedient,  6bediens,  tis  (c.  dat.) 
obey,  pareo,  ui,  Itum,  2  (c.  dat.) 
object,  obilcio,  ieci,  iectum,  3. 
oblige,  cogo,  coegi,  coactum,  3. 
obtfcure,  to,  obscuro,  1. 
observe,  observe,  1. 
obstinacy,  pertlnacia,  ae,  f. 
obstinate,  pertlnax,  acis. 
obstruct,  impfidio,  ivi  or  ii,  itum,  4. 
obtain,  potior,  itus,  4  (c.  abl.) 
obtain  by  entreaty,  impetro,  1. 
obtain  by  lot,  soi-tior,  itus,  4  dep. 
occasion,  tempus,  6ris,  n. 
occupy,  possldeo,  sedi,  sessum,  2. 
ocean,  ocsanus,  i,  m. 
Octavianus,  Octavianus,  i,  m. 
odour,  6dor,  oris,  m. 
oj",  ad  (o.  ace.) 
offend,  offendo,  di,  sum,  3. 
^er,      oflfero,      obtilli,      obljltiun, 

offerre. 
offering,  domim,  i,  ii. 
office,  oflFlcium,  i,  n. ;  munus,  Cris,  n. 
officer,  legatus,  i,  m. 
offspring,  proles,  is,  f. 
often,  saepe. 
oil,  oleum,  i,  n. 


old,  antiquus,  a,  um  ;  v6tus,  Cria. 

old  age,  sCnectiis,  utis,  f. 

old  man,  sCnex,  is. 

old  tcoman,  ftnus,  us,  f. 

Olympic,  Olymplcus,  a,  um. 

omen,  omen,  Inis,  n. 

omit,  flmitto,  misi,  missum,  3. 

on,  in  (c.  abl.) 

on  account  of,  ob,  propter  (<*.  ace.) 

once,  sCmel ;  once  vpon  a  time,  olim, 

quondam. 
one,  xinus,  a,  um  ;  one  by  one,  sin- 

gidi,  ae,  a. 
one — another,  alius — alius  ;  the  one 

— the  other,  alter — alter. 
only,  mddo  ;  {adj. )  solus,  a,  um. 
onset,  impetus,  us,  m. 
open,  apertus,  a,  um. 
open,  to,  flpgrio,  ui,  i-tum,  4. 
opinion,  sententia,  ae,  f. 
opponeM,  adversjirius,  i,  m. 
opportunity,  occasio,  onis,  f. 
oppose,    oppono,    p6sui,    pOsitum ; 

obsisto,  stiti,  stitum,  3. 
oiypress,     opprlmo,     jjressi,     pi'es- 

sum,  3. 
or,    ant,    vel ;   v6    {enclitic) ;    sive, 

seu. 
orator,  orator,  oris,  m. 
oratory,  facundia,  ae,  f. 
orb,  orbis,  is,  m. 
order,    ordo,    Inis,    m ;    command, 

mandiitum,  i,  n. 
order,  to,  iilbeo,  iussi,  iussum,  2  ; 

impCro,  1  {c.  dat.) 
orderly,  an,  tabellfirius,  i,  m. 
Orgetorix,  Orget6rix,  Igis,  m. 
ornament,  oniatus,  us,  m. 
Orpheus,  Orpheus,  fos,  m. 
ostentation,  ostentatio,  onis,  f. 
ostrich,  struthiocamelus,  i,  m. 
other,  alius,  a,  ud. 
othenvise,  alioquin,  alias. 
ought,  debeo,  ui,  Itum,  2. 
our,  noster,  tra,  trum. 
Old  of,  e,  Qx  {c.  abl.) 
outline,  descriptio,  onis,  f. 
outrage,  iniuria,  ae,  f. 
outside,  extra  (c.  ace.) 
outstrip,  praevgnio,  veni,  ventum,  4. 


198 


English-Latin  Vocabulary. 


outivorh,  propngnaculum,  i,  n. 

pea,  cicer,  6ris,  n. 

over,  super  (c.  ace,  and  ahl.),  across. 

peace,  pax,  pacis,  f. 

trans  (c.  ace.) 

peacocTc,  pavo,  onis,  m. 

overcome,  vinco,  vTci,  victum,  3. 

peasant,  rusticus,  i,  m. 

overflow,  innndo,  1. 

pelican,  pglicanus,  i,  m. 

overlook,    prosplcio,     spexi,     spec- 

penalty,  poena,  ae,  f. 

turn,  3. 

penetrate,  penetro,  1. 

overtkroiv,  see  overcome. 

penitence,  poenitentia,  ae,  f. 

overturn,  subverto,  verti,  versum,  3, 

penny,  djnarius,  i,  m  ;  as,  sis,  m. 

overwhelm,  oijprimo,   pressi,   pres- 

jjeople,  p5pulus,  i,  m.      • 

sum,  3. 

perceive,  animadverto,  ti,  sum,  3. 

oice,  debeo,  ui,  itum,  2. 

perch,  to,  insldo,  sedi,  sessum,  3. 

owner,  dominus,  i,  m. 

perfectly,  plane. 

ox,  bos,  b5Ais,  e. 

perform,  fungor,  functus,  3  (c.  abl.) 

perfume,  odor,  oris,  m. 

perhaps,  forsitan,  fortasse. 

Pace,  passus,  us,  m 

Periander,  Periander,  dri,  m. 

'pac'ify,  paco,  1. 

peril,  pgriculum,  i,  n. 

•pain,  dolor,  oris,  m. 

perish,  p6reo,  ivi  or  ii,  4. 

jiaint,  pingo,  nxi,  ctum,  3. 

permission,  potestas,  atis,  f. 

'painter,  pictor,  oris,  m. 

permit,  patior,  passus,  3,  dep. 

paintiwj,  pictura,  ae,  f. 

Perse,  Perse,  es,  f. 

palace,  palatium,  i,  n. 

pierseverance,  persgverantia,  ae,  f. 

palm,  palma,  ae,  f. 

Perseus,  Perseus,  eos,  m. 

panic,  pavor,  oris,  m. 

persevere,  pers6vero,  1. 

pant,  anhelo,  1. 

Persian,  Persa,  ae,  m. 

pantry,  eella,  ae,  f. 

persistently,  assidue. 

paper,  charta,  ae,  f. 

person,  h6mo,  inis,  c. 

parched,  aridus,  a,  um  ;  tostus,  a, 

persuade,  persuadeo,  si,  sum  (c.  dat. 

um. 

of  person). 

pardon,  vSnia,  ae,  f. 

pestilential,  pestilens,  tis. 

pardon,  to,  ignosco,  novi,  notum,  3. 

Philip,  Phllippus,  i,  m. 

parent,  parens,  tis,  c. 

Philoctetes,  Pliiloctetes,  is,  m. 

Parrhasivs,  Parrhasius,  i,  m. 

philosopher,  phil6s6plius,  i,  m. 

parricide,  parricida,  ae,  m. 

]jhiloso2)hy,  phil5sophia,  ae,  f. 

parrot,  psittacus,  i,  m. 

Phocion,  Phocion,  onis,  m. 

part,   pars,  tis,  f . ;  {of  an  actor), 

Phocus,  Phocus,  i,  m. 

partes,  pi. 

physician,  mfidicus,  i,  m. 

partner,  socius,  i,  m. 

pickle,  condio,  ivi  or  ii,  itum,  4. 

party,  pars,  tis,  f.  {generally  in  pi.) 

picture,  tabiila,  ae,  f. 

pass,  pass  by,  j^ass  on,  praetereo,  ivi 

pierce,  transfigo,  xi,  xum,  3. 

or  ii,  itum,  4. 

ptig,  porcus,  i,  m  ;  porcellus,  i,  m. 

passon{trans. ),  trado,  didi,  ditum,  3. 

pigeon,  cdlumba,  ae,  f. 

path,  callis,  is,  m. 

pillow,  culcita,  ae,  f. 

patrician,  patricius,  a,  um. 

pilot,  gubernator,  oris,  m. 

patron,  patronus,  i,  m. 

pious,  pius,  a,  um. 

Paidlus,  Paullus,  i,  ni. 

pirate,  praedo,  onis,  m. 

pay,  stipendium,  i,  n. 

Piso,  Piso,  onis,  ni. 

pay,  to,  solvo,  vi,  utum,  3. 

ivtch  [a  cam})),  pono,  p6sui,  p5sl- 

pay  attention,  operam  dare. 

tum,  3 

English-Latin  Vocabulary. 


lOQ 


piteoiisly,  mlsfre. 

pitfall,  f6vea.  ae,  f. 

pitiful,  mtserlcors,  cordis. 

pity,  miserlcordia,  ae,  f, 

pity,  to,  misereor,  serltus  or  sertus, 

2  dep.  (o.  gen.) 
placable,  placfibllis,  e. 
place,  I6cus,  i,  m  ;  ]>lural,  loca. 
place,  to,  pono,  pc^sui,  p5sItuiTi,  .S. 
place  before,  antfipono,  p(3sui,  posl- 

tum,  3. 
plain,  campus,  i,  m. 
plan,  consilium,  i,  u. 
plant,  planta,  ae,  f. 
jAant,  to,  see  jylace. 
plaster,  oblino,  levi,  lltum,  3. 
Plataea,  Plataea,  ae,  f. 
plate,  vas,  vasis,  n. 
platfoi-m,  tribunal,  iilis,  n. 
Plato,  Plato,  oni?,  m. 
play,  ludus,  i,  m. 
play,  to,  ludo,  si,  sum,  3. 
plead  (a  cause),  dico,  xi,  ctum,  3. 
pleasant,  gratus,  a,  um  :  iucundus, 

a,  um. 
please,   pLlceo,   ui,   Itnm  (c.  dat.) 

delecto, 
jileasure,  voluptas,  atis,  f. 
plot,  consilium,  i,  n. 
jilongh,  aratrum,  i,  n. 
plough,  to,  ftro,  1. 
plovg/ishare,  vomer,  fris,  m. 
plucJ:,  carpo,  psi,  ptum,  3. 
plucking,  vellicatio,  onis,  f. 
phinder,  praeda,  ae,  f. 
plunder,  to,  dirlpio,  ripui,  reptum,  3. 
plunderer,  praedator,  oris,  m. 
Pluto,  Pluto,  onis,  m. 
poet,  poeta,  ae,  m. 
poiyU  out,  ostendo,  di,  sum,  3. 
poison,  vC'uenum,  i,  n. 
poisonous,  vgneniltus,  a,  um. 
Polycarp,  Poly  carpus,  i,  m. 
Polyxena,  Polyxf-na,  ae,  f. 
pomp,  pompa,  ae,  f. 
Pompeius,  Pompeius,  i,  m. 
Pomponius,  Pomponius,  i,  m. 
pond,  pool,  stagnum,  i,  n. 
jyoor,  pauper,  fris. 
iwppy,  p;"lpaver,  6ris,  n. 


p>opulace,  vulgus,  i,  n.  or  m. 

populous,  frequens,  tis, 

porch,  portions,  iis,  f. 

Porcia,  Porcia,  ae,  f, 

Porsena,  PorsC-na,  ae,  m. 

jmrt,  portus,  us,  m. 

portent,  prodlgium,  i,  n. 

portion,  pars,  tis,  f. 

portrait,  effigies,  ei,  f. 

Poms,  Porus,  i,  m. 

Poseidon,  Poseidon,  onis,  m. 

p)Osition,  see  place. 

possess,  habeo,  ui,  Itum,  2. 

possession,  possessio,  Onis,  f. 

possession  of,  to  take,  occupo,  1. 

posterity,  postCri,  orum,  m. 

pour,  fundo,  fudi,  fiisum,  3. 

poverty,  paupertas,  atis,  f. 

jwicer,    putestas,    atis,    f.  ;    in    the 

power  of,  penes  (c.  ace.) 
powerful,  p6tens,  tis. 
practice,  usus,  us,  m. 
j)ractise,  exerceo,  ui,  Itura,  2. 
praetor,  praetor,  Oris,  m. 
pi-aise,  laus,  dis,  f. 
praise,  to,  laudo,  1. 
jvay,  Oro,  1  ;  prficor,  1  dep. 
2)rayers,  pr6ces,  um,  f. 
2)recept,  praeceptum,  i,  n. 
precious,  pr6tIosus,  a,  um. 
prefer,  malo,  ui,  malle ;  antGpono, 

posui,  posltum,  3. 
prepare,  paro,  1. 
presence  of,  in,  coram  (c.  abl.) 
2>rese7it,  a,  dOnum,  i,  n ;   munus, 

6ris,  n. 
present,  to,  dono,  1. 
jyresent,  to  be,  adsum,  fui,  esse. 
preserve,  8er%'o,  1. 
jtress,  pr^mo,  pressi,  pressum,  3. 
pretence,  species,  ei,  f. ;  slmillatio, 

Onis,  f. 
pretend,  slmttlo,  1. 
p7-etender,  slmftlator,  oris,  m. 
pretty,  pulcher,  chra,  chrum. 
prevail,  valeo,  ui,  2. 
prevent,    prOhlbeo,    ui,    itum,    2 ; 

impfdio,  !vi  or  ii,  itum,  4. 
previously,  ante,  antea. 
prey,  praeda,  ae,  f. 


200 


English-Latin  Vocabulary. 


Priam,  Priamus,  i,  m. 

price,  prgtium,  i,  n, 

pride,  superbia,  ae,  f. 

priest,  priestess,  siicerdos,  otis,  c. 

prince,  princeps,  cipis,  m. 

prison,  career,  6ris,  m. 

pj'isoner,  eaptivus,  i,  m. 

private,  privatus,  a,  um. 

prize,  praemium,  i,  n. 

proceed,  progredior,  gressus,  3  dep. 

'proclaim,  pronuntio,  1  ;  edico,  dixi, 

dictum,  3. 
proconsul,  proconsul,  tilis,  m. 
proconsular,  proconsularis,  e. 
Proculus,  Proculus,  i,  m. 
procure,  pSro,  1. 
Procus,  Procus,  i,  m. 
prodigal,  prodigus,  a,  um. 
produce,  pario,  p6p6ri,  partum,  3  ; 

produco,  duxi,  ductum,  3. 
profane,  prSfanus,  a,  um. 
proficiency,  pSrItia,  ae,  f. 
profit,  quaestus,  us,  m. 
profuse,  see  prodigal, 
project,  emmeo,  ui,  2. 
prolong,   produco,   duxi,    ductum, 

3. 
promise,    poUiceor,    citus,   2   dep.; 

promitto,  misi,  missum,  3. 
prompt,  promptus,  a,  um. 
promptitude,  c6l6ritas,  atis,  f. 
prone,  pronus,  a,  um. 
pronounce,  pronuntio,  1. 
property,  res,  rei,  f . ;  b5na,  orum,  n. 
prophet,  vates,  is,  c. 
propitious,  propitius,  a,  um. 
propose,  propono,   p6sui,  p5sltum, 

3  ;  to  propose  a  laiu,  r6go,  1. 
proscribe,  proscribo,  psi,  ptum,  3. 
prosperity,  res  secundae. 
prosperous,  s6cundus,  a,  um. 
protect,  tueor,  tuitus,  2  dep. ;  tutor, 

1  dep. 
protection,  praesSdium,  i,  n. 
protract,   traho,    xi,   ctum,   3,   see 

prolong, 
proud,  stlperbus,  a,  um. 
prove,  demonstro,  1. 
provide,  provideo,  vidi,  visum,  2. 
provided,  instructus,  a,  um. 


provided  that,  dum,  modo  {hoth  c. 

suhj.) 
province,  provincia,  ae,  f, 
provisions,  commeatus,  us,  m. 
provoke,  lacesso,  ivi,  itum,  3. 
prudence,  consilium,  i,  n. 
prudent,  prudens,  tis. 
puhlic,  publicus,  a,  um. 
Publius,  Publius,  i,  m. 
jndl,  traho,  xi,  ctum,  3. 
pull  out,  extraho,  xi,  ctum,  3. 
punish,  punio,  ivi  or  ii,  itum,  4. 
punishment,  poena,  ae,  f. 
puppy,  catelluSjfi,  m.;  catella,  ae,  f. 
pure,  purus,  a,  um. 
purple,  purpureus,  a,  um. 
purpose,  on,  de  industria. 
purse,  loculi,  orum,  m. 
pursue,  sgquor,  ciitus,  3  dep. 
push  down,  detrtido,  si,  sum,  3. 
pid,  pono,  p5sui,  pSsitum,  3. 
put  over,  praeflcio,  feci,  factum,  3 

(c.  dat.) 
put  bach,  rfipono,  p6sui,  p6s!tum,  3. 
put  under,    suppono,    p6sui,    p6si- 

tum,  3. 
pyre,  rogus,  i,  m. 
Pyrenees,  Pyrenaei  montes. 
Pyrrhus,  Pyrrhus,  i,  m. 


Quadruped,  quadriipes,  pgdis. 

quaestor,  quaestor,  oris,  m. 

quail,  cStumix,  icis,  f. 

quantity,  copia,  ae,  f . ;  vis,  vim,  vi,  f. 

quarrel,  rixa,  ae,  f. 

quarrel,    to,    contendo,    di,    turn ; 

rixor,  1  dep. 
quarters,  lointer,  hiberna,  orum,  n. 
queen,  regina,  ae,  f. 
question,  percontatio,  onis,  f. 
question,  to,  interrogo,  1 ;  r6go,  1  ; 

percontor,  1  de^s. 
quickly,  c6l6riter. 
quickness,  c6leritas,  atis,  f. 
quiet,  tranquillus,  a,  um;  quietus, 

a,  um. 


I  quietly,  quiete. 

j  Quintus,  Quintus,  i,  m. 

I  Quirinus,  Quirlnus,  i,  m. 


English-Latin  Vocabulary. 


201 


Race^  gSnus,  6ris,  u. 

race,  a,  cursus,  us,  m. 

raft,  rfttis,  is,  f. 

rage,  ira,  ae,  f. ;  fftror,  oris,  m. 

rcuje,  to,  saevio,  ii,  itum,  4. 

raid,  incursio,  onis,  f. 

rain,  imber,  bris,  m ;  pltivia,  ae,  f. 

raise,  toUo,  sustdli,  suolatuni,  3. 

rally,  colllgo,  legi,  lectum,  3. 

rampart,  vallum,  i,  n. 

rank,  ordo,  inis,  m. 

ran-^om,  r6demptio,  onis,  f. 

rapacious,  n^pax,  acis. 

rapid,  rSpIdus,  a,  um  ;  c6ler,  is,  e. 

rapidity,  cCl6rltas,  atis,  f. 

rapine,  rftplna,  ae,  f. 

rare,  rarus,  a,  uin. 

rascal,  sc6lestus,  a,  \\m. 

rack,  praeceps,  ci^Jltis. 

rashly,  t6m6re. 

•rashness,  t6m6ritas,  atis,  f. 

rat,  mus,  muris,  c. 

rather,  potlus. 

ravage,  vasto,  1. 

ravager,  vastator,  oris,  m. 

rave,  fttro,  ui,  3. 

raven,  corvus,  i,  m. 

raw,  crudus,  a,  uni. 

ray,  radius,  i,  m. 

reach,    attingo,    tlgi,    tactum,    3 ; 

perv6nio,  veni,  veutum,  4, 
rehnke,  incrfpo,  ui,  Itiun,  J. 
read,  l6go,  legi,  lectum,  3. 
readily,  Iftbenter. 
ready,  promptus,  a,  um ;  piiratus, 

a,  um. 
real,  verus,  a,  um. 
reality,  Veritas,  atis,  f. 
really,  vere. 

reap,  mCto,  messui,  messum,  3. 
rear,  alo,  alui,  altum  or  alltum,  3. 
reason,    reasoning,    ratio,   onis,    f.; 

cause,  caussa,  ae,  f.;  by  reason  of, 

ob,  propter  {both  c.  ace.) 
rebuke,  iHcrfipo,  ui,  Itum,  1. 
recall,  revdco,  1. 
receive,  acclpio,  cepi,  ceptum,  3. 
recent,  rC'cens,  tis ;  novus,  a,  um. 
recently,  nuper. 
receptacle^  receptacftlum,  i,  n. 


recite,  naiTO,  1  ;  r6elto,  1. 

reckon,  n(im6ro,  1. 

recline,  discumbo,  ctlbui,  cttbitum, 

3;  recllno,  1. 
recognise,  agnosco,  novi,  nltum,  3. 
recognition,  cognltio,  onis,  f. 
recollection,  raCmoria,  ae,  f, 
recommence,  rfidintCgro,  1  ;  r6n6vo, 

recover,  rgcttpCro,  1 ;  reclpio,  cepi, 

ceptum,  3. 
recount,  narro,  1. 
refrain  from,    abstlneo,    ui,    ten- 

tum,  2. 
refresh,  rCcreo,  1. 
refuge,  asylum,  i,  n. 
refuse,  r6cuso,  1. 
refute,  arguo,  ui,  utum,  3. 
regard,  asplcio,  spexi,  spectum,  3 ; 

estimate,  aestlmo,  1. 
region,  rfigio,  6nis,  f. 
regret,  desIdGrium,  1,  n. 
regret,  to,  desldfiro,  1. 
Begultis,  Regtllus,  i,  m. 
reign,  regnum,  i,  n. 
reign,    to,   regno,    1  ;    reign    over. 

impgro  (c.  dat.) 
rein,  habena,  ae,  f. 
reinforcement,  subsldium,  i,  n. 
reject,  reilcio,  reieci,  reiectum,  3. 
rejoice,  gaudeo,  gavlsus,  2  dep. 
relate,  narro,  1. 
relation,  prOpinquus,  i,  m. 
reliance,  fiducia,  ae,  f. 
relieve,  l6vo,  1. 
religion,  relllgio,  onis,  f. 
rehjing,  fretus,  a,  um  (c.  abl.) 
remain,  maneo,  mansi,  nsum,  2. 
remain  over,  sftpersum,  fui,  esse, 
remcdning,  rellquus,  a,  um. 
remark,  inquam,  def. 
revruirkable,  insignis,  e. 
remedy,  r6m6dium,  i,  n. 
remember,  mfimlni,  def.;  recorder, 

atus,  1  dep. 
remembrance,  mCmoria,  ae,  f. 
remind,  adm6neo,  ui,  Itum,  2. 
remove,  am6veo,  mOvi,  motum,  2. 
remorse,  dolor,  Oris,  m.;  poenlten- 

tia,  ae,  f. 


202 


English- Latin  Vocabulary. 


Remus,  E,6mus,  i,  m. 

render,  reddo,  didi,  ditum,  3. 

renew,  rgnovo,  1. 

renoivn,  fama,  ae,  f. 

renowned,  clarus,  a,  um. 

repair,  reficio,  feci,  fectum,  3. 

repeat,  it6ro,  1. 

repel,  repello,  ptili,  pulsum,  3. 

repent,  poenitet,  uit,  2  impers. 

repentance,  poenitentia,  ae,  f. 

replace,  rgpono,  posui,  posituin,  3. 

reply,  responsum,  i,  n. 

reply,  in,  contra. 

reply,  to,  respondeo,  di,  sum,  2. 

report,  fama,  ae,  f . ;  rumor,  5ris,  m. 

report,  to,  nuntio,  1. 

repose,  quies,  etis,  f. 

represent,  efiingo,  finxi,  fictum,  3. 

rep)'ess,  rgprimo,  pressi,  pressum,  3. 

republic,  respublica,  reipublicae,  f. 

repulse,  pello,  pgpuli,  pulsum,  3. 

reputation,  fama,  ae,  f. 

resign,  abdico,  1. 

resist,   rfesisto,   stiti,   stitum,   3  (c. 

dat. ) 
resolve,  constituo,  ui,  utum,  3. 
resound,  rgsono,  1. 
resources,  6pes,  um,  f. 
respect,  observantia,  ae,  f. 
response,  responsum,  i,  n. 
rest,  quies,  etis,  f. 
rest,  the,  rgliquus,  a,  um. 
rest,  to,  quiesco,  evi,  etum,  3. 
restore,  reddo,  didi,  dltuni,  3  ;  re- 

stituo,  ui,  utum,  3. 
restrain,  cohibeo,  ui,  itum,  2. 
result,  eventus,  us,  m. 
retain,  rgtmeo,  ui,  tentum,  2. 
retake,  rficipio,  cepi,  ceptuni,  3. 
retinue,  comitatus,  us,  m, 
retire,  see  retreat, 
retirement,  otium,  i,  n. 
retreat,  rgceptus,  us,  m. 
retreat,  to,  cedo,  cessi,  cessum,  3. 
return,  rgditus,  us,  m. 
return,  to,  rSdeo,  Ivi  or  ii,  itum,  4  ; 

rggrgdior,  gressus,  3  dep. 
reveal,  pfttftfacio,  feci,  factum,  3. 
revel,  commissatio,  onis,  f. 
revenge,  ultio,  onis,  f. 


revenge,  to,  ulciscor,  ultus,  3  dep. 
revenue,  vectigal,  alis,  n. 
reverence,  r6v6rentia,  ae,  f. 
revere,   reverence,  v6ngror,  atus,  1 

dep.  ;  vgreor,  itus,  2  dep. 
review,  lustro,  1. 
revolt,  seditio,  onis,  f, 
revolt,  to,  deficio,  feci,  fectum,  3. 
reward,  praemium,  i,  n  ;   merces, 

edis,  f. 
reward,  to,  rgmuneror,  1  dep. 
Rhea,  Rhea,  ae,  f. 
Rhodes,  Ehodus,  i,  f. 
rich,  dives,  itis. 
riches,  opes,  um,  f. ;  divitiae,  arum. 

f. 
ride,  equito,  1  ;  vfihor,  rectus,  3. 
rider,  6ques,  Itis,  m. 
ridiculous,  ridiculus,  a,  um. 
right,  probus,  a,  um. 
right,  ius,  iuris,  n. ;  fas,  indcl. 
7nght-hand,     dexter,     tra,     tram ; 

{subst.),  dextra  or  dext6ra,  ae,  f. 
rightly,  rite  ;  iure. 
ring,  anniilus,  i,  m, 
ripe,  maturus,  a,  um. 
ripen,  maturesco,  rui,  3. 
rise,    surgo,    surrexi,    rectum,    3 ; 

5rior,  ortus,  4  dep. 
risk,  pgriculum,  i,  n. 
rite,  ritus,  us,  m. 
rivalry,  aemulatio,  onis,  f. 
river,   fltimen,   Inis,  n.;  amnis,   is, 

m. ;  fltivius,  i,  m. 
road,  via,  ae,  f. ;  iter,  itmeris,  n. 
roam,  vSgor,  atus,  1  dep. 
roast,  torreo,  torrui,  tostum,  2. 
rob,  r^pio,  ui,  ptum,  3  ;  spolio,  1 . 
robber,  latro,  onis,  m. 
rock,  scopulus,  i,  m  ;  rupes,  is,  f. 
roedeer,  caprea,  ae,  f. 
roll,  volvo,  vi,  volutum,  3  [traw..); 

volvor  {intrans.) 
Rome,  Roma,  ae,  f. 
i  Roman,  Romanus,  a,  um. 
I  Romulus,  Romtilus,  i,  m. 
roof,  tectum,  i,  n. 
room,  conclave,  is,  n. 
root,  radix,  icis,  f. 
rope,  funis,  is,  m. 


English-Latin  Vocabulary. 


203 


rose,  rdsa,  ae,  f. 

roiujh,  asper,  ei*a,  grum. 

round,  rutundus,  a,  iim  ;  t^res,  6tis. 

round  {prep.),  circiim  (c.  ace.) 

rouse,  excito,  1. 

roid,  fttgo,  1  ;  fundo,  fudi,  fusum,  3. 

royal,  regalis,  e  ;  regius,  a,  um. 

rude,  rttclis,  e  ;  incultus,  a,  um. 

liufus,  Rufiis,  i,  m. 

ruin,  ruina,  ae,  f ;  exltium,  i,  n. 

ruin,  to,  dlnio,  ui,  tttum,  3 ;  con- 
ftcio,  feci,  fectiim,  3. 

rule,  to,  r6go,  xi,  ctum ;  impgro,  1 
(c.  dat.) 

rule,  impgrium,  i,  u. 

rumour^  fama,  ae,  f ;  rumor,  oris, 
m. 

run,  curro,  ctlcurri,  cursum,  3. 

run  up,  accurro,  curri,  cursum,  3. 

run  aivay,  aufvigio,  f iigi,  fugltum,  3. 

nnmimj,  cursus,  us,  m. 

rusk,  impetus,  us,  m. 

ru'ih  {hidrush),  iuncus,  i,  m. 

rush,  to,  ruo,  ui,  rtttum,  3. 

rush  forth,  erumpo,  rupi,  ruptum,  3. 

rush  forward,  procurro,  curri,  cur- 
sum, 3. 

Hussian,  Scj^thlcus,  a,  um. 

rustic,  rustlcus,  a,  um. 

JRidillus,  Rtitilius,  i,  m. 


Sabine,  Sablnus,  a,  um. 

sacred,  sScer,  era,  crum. 

sacrifice,  sScrlflcium,  i,  n. 

sacrifice,  to,  sacrifice,  J. 

sad,  tristis,  e. 

saddle,  fiphippium,  i,  n. 

safe,  tutus,  a,  um ;  inc5liimis,  e. 

safely,  tute. 

safety,  sAlus,  utis,  f. 

Saguntum,  Siguntum,  i,  n. 

sail,  a,  velum,  i,  n. 

sail,  to,  nfivlgo,  1. 

sailor,  nauta,  ae,  m. 

sake,  for  the,  caussa. 

Salinator,  vSalinfitor,  oris,  m. 

salt,  sal,  is,  m. 

salutation,  saliltiitio,  onis,  f. 

salute,  sillfito,  1. 


saluter,  salutator,  oris,  m. 
same.  Idem,  fiitdem,  Idem. 
Samos,  Sftmos,  i,  f. 
Samnites,  Samnites,  ium,  m. 
sanction,  sancio,  sanxi,  sauctum,  4. 
sanctity,  sanctltas,  atis,  f. 
sand,  arena,  ae,  f. 
sate,  satiate,  satio,  1  ;  expleo,  plevi, 

pletum,  2. 
satisfy,  satisfacio,  feci,  factum,   3 

(c.  dat.) 
Saturn,  Satumus,  i,  m. 
satyr,  sat^rus,  i,  m. 
sauce,  condlmentum,  i,  n. 
savage,  sae\nis,  a,  um. 
save,  servo,  1. 
say,  dico,  xi,  ctum,  3. 
saying,  dictum,  i,  n. 
Scaevola,  Scaevola,  ae,  m. 
scanty,  exiguus,  a,  um. 
scar,  cicatrix,  icis,  f. 
scarcely,  vix. 
scarcity,  InCpia,  ae,  f. 
scatter,  spargo,  rsi,  rsum,  3  ;  fundo, 

fudi,  fusum,  3. 
Scaurus,  Scaurus,  i,  m. 
scent,  odor,  oris,  m, 
school,  sch6la,  ae,  f. 
science,  scientia,  ae,  f. 
Scipio,  Scipio,  onis,  m. 
scorch,  aduro,  ussi,  ustum  3 ;  torreo, 

ui,  tostum,  2. 
scorn,    contemno,    tempsi,     temp- 

tum,  3. 
Scotchman,  Septus,  i,  m. 
scout,  explorator,  oris,  m. 
scream,  clamor,  oris,  m. 
sculptor,  sculptor,  oris,  m. 
sculpture,  sculptura,  ae,  f. 
Scyros,  Sc^ros,  i,  f. 
Scythian,  Sc^tha,  ae,  m. 
sea,  mare,  is,  n.;  {adj.)  marlnus,  a, 

um  ;  navaiis,  e. 
seagull,  mergus,  i,  m. 
search,    exploro,    1  ;    quaero,    8l\'i, 

situm,  3. 
season,  tempus,  5ris,  n. ;  tempestas, 

atis,  f. 
season,  to,  condio,  ivi  or  ii,  itum,  4. 
seasonable,  opportunus,  a,  um. 


204 


English-Latin  Vocabulary. 


seat,  sedes,  is,  f. 

second,  sficundus,  a,  um  ;  alter,  era, 

6rum. 
secret,  secretus,  a,  iim. 
secretary,  scriba,  ae,  m. 
secretly,  clam. 

secure,  securus,  a,  um ;  see  safe, 
security,  see  safety, 
sedition,  seditio.  onis,  f. 
see,  video,  vidi,  visun?    2. 
seed,  semen,  mis,  n. 
seek,  quaero,  sivi,  situm,  3 ;  peto, 

ivi  or  ii,  itum,  3. 
seem,  videor,  visus,  2  dep. 
seize,  occupo,  1 ;  r^pio,  ui,  ptum,  3 ; 

corripio,  ui,  reptum,  3. 
seldom,  raro. 

select,  l6go,  legi,  lectum,  3, 
self,  ipse,  a,  um. 
sell,  vendo,  didi,  ditum,  3. 
seller,  venditor,  oris,  m. 
senate,  s6natus,  us,  m. 
senate-house,  curia,  ae,  f. 
senator,  sfinator,  oris,  m. 
senatorial,  s6nat6rius,  a,  um. 
send,  mitto,  misi,  missum,  3. 
send  away,  dimitto,  misi,  missum 

3. 
send  for,  arcesso,  ivi,  itum,  3. 
send  on,  praemitto,  misi,  missum,  3. 
sentinel,  vigil,  ilis,  m. 
separate,  sep^ro,  1. 
serious,  gravis,  e. 
serpent,  serpens,  tis,  c. 
Sertorius,  Sertorius,  i,  m. 
servant,  servus,  i,  m. ;  famtilus,  i, 

m. ;  maid-servant,  ancilla,  ae,  f. 
serve,  servio,  ivi  or  ii,  itum,  4  (c. 

dat.) 
serve  up,  appono,  p6sui,  posltum,  3. 
service,  servitium,  i,  n.  ;  [benefit), 

b6n6ficium,  i,  n. 
servile,  servilis,  e. 
servitude,  see  service, 
set,  occldo,  cidi,  casum,  3. 
set  out,  proficiscor,  fectus,  3  dep. 
set  up,  constituo,  ui,  utum,  3. 
setting,  occasus,  us,  m. 
seven,  septem,  indcl. 
seventy,  septuaginta,  indcl. 


several,  plures,  a. 

severe,  gravis,  e. 

severely,  grSviter. 

severity,  sfiveritas,  atis,  f, 

Sextius,  Sextius,  i,  m. 

shade,  shadoiv,  umbra,  ae,  f. 

shady,  umbrosus,  a,  um. 

shake,  qu^tio,  quassi,  quassum,  3  ; 

concutio,  cussi,  cussum,  3. 
shame,  pMor,  oris,  m. 
shameful,  turpis,  e. 
shameless,  impudens,  tis. 
shamelessness,  impiidentia,  ae,  f . 
shape,  forma,  ae,  f. 
share,  pars,  tis,  f. 
share,  to,  divido,  si,  sum,  3. 
sharp,  acutus,  a,  um  ;  acer,  acris, 

acre. 
sharpen,  a,cuo,  ui,  utum,  3. 
sliatter,  see  break, 
shave,  rado,  si,  sum,  3. 
she,  see  he. 

shear,  bondeo,  tStondi,  tonsum,  2. 
shears,  forfex,  icis,  f. 
shed,  fundo,  fudi,  fusum,  3. 
sheep,  5vis,  is,  c. 
shepherd,  pastor,  oris,  m. 
shield,  scutum,  i,  n. ;  clip6us,  i,  m. 
shine,  liiceo,  xi,  2 ;  niteo,  ui,  2. 
ship,  navis,  is,  f. 
shipwreck,  naufr^gium,  i,  n. 
shirt,  tunica,  ae,  f. 
shock,  impStus,  us,  m. 
shoe,  calceus,  i,  m. 
shop,  taberna,  ae,  f. 
shore,  litus,  oris,  n.j  ora,  ae,  f. 
short,  brgvis,  e. 
shoulder,  hiimgrus,  i,  m. 
shout,  clamor,  oris,  m. 
shout,  to,  clamo,  1. 
shoio,    to,    ostendo,    di,    sum,    3 ; 

ostento,  1  ;  monstro,  1  ;  praebeo, 

ui,  itum,  2. 
shower,  imber,  bris,  m. 
shriek,  tiliilatus,  us,  m. 
shnek,  to,  tlltilo,  1. 
shrine,  adytum,    i,    n. ;    delubrum, 

i,  n. 
shrub,  arbustum,  i,  n. 
shun,  filgio,  filgi,  fugltum,  3 ;  vito,  1. 


English-Latin  Vocabulary. 


205 


shut,  claudo,  si,  sum,  3. 

slender,  tCnuis,  e. 

8ick,  mchly,  aeger,  gra,  grum  ;  iufir- 

slip,  labor,  lapsus,  3  dep. 

mus,  a,  urn. 

slip  down,  delabor,  lapsus,  3  dep. 

side,  on  this,  citra,  cis  (c.  ace.) 

sloth,  iguavia,  ae,  f. 

side,  latus,  6ris,  n. 

sloio,  tardus,  a,  um. 

sides,  on  all,  passim. 

slowly,  tarde. 

sides,  from  all,  undlque. 

sluggishness,  see  sloth. 

sifjht,  viaus,  us,  m  ;  conspectus, 

lis, 

slumber,  somnus,  i,  m. 

m. 

small,  parvus,  a,  um. 

sign,  signal,  signum,  i,  n. 

sm£ar,  oblino,  levi,  lltum,  3. 

silence,  sllentium,  i,  n. 

smell,  6dor,  oris,  m. 

silent,  sllens,  tis ;  tAcitus,  a,  um. 

smile,  rideo,  si,  sum,  2. 

silently,  taclte. 

smith,  faber,  bri,  m. 

silent,  to  he,   tSceo,   ui,   Itum, 

2; 

Smyrna,  Smyrna,  ae,  f. 

sileo,  ui,  2. 

snake,  anguis,  is,  c. 

SilemiJi,  Sllenus,  i,  m. 

snare,  insldiae,  arum,  f. 

silver,  argentum,  i,  n. ;  {adj. )  argen- 

snatch,  rapio,  ui,  ptum,  3. 

teus,  a,  um. 

snatch  aivay,  abrlpio,  ui,  reptum,  3. 
snoiv,  nix,  nivis,  f. 

Simonides,  Simonides,  is,  m. 

simple,  simplex,  Icis. 

S7iipe,  sc6l6pax,  acis,  f. 

sin,  peccatum,  i,  n. ;  sc6lus,  6ris 

,  n. 

so,  ita,  sic,  tam. 

sin,  to,  pecco,  1. 

so  great,  tantus,  a,  um. 

since,  quum,  quuniam. 

so  many,  t5t,  indcl. 

sincere,  sincerus,  a,  um. 

Socrates,  Socrates,  is,  m. 

sing,    cano,     ceciui,     cantum, 

3; 

soft,  mollis,  e. 

canto,  1. 

so/ten,  mollio,  ivi  or  ii,  itum,  4. 

single,  fmus,  a,  um. 

soil,  s6lum,  i,  n.;  httmus,  i,  f. 

singular,  singularis,  e. 

soldier,  miles,  Itis,  m. 

sink,  mergo,  rsi,  rsum,  3  [trans. ) ; 

sole,  unus,  a,  um  ;  unicus,  a,  um. 

mergor  [intram. ) 

solemn,  soUennis,  e. 

sister,  s6ror,  oris,  f. 

some,  quidam,  quaedam,  quoddam 

sit,  sCdeo,  di,  ssuin,  2. 

nonnullus,  a,  um  ;  aliquot. 

sit  doton,  consido,  sedi,  sessum, 

3. 

sometimes,  interdum,  allquando. 

situated,  situs,  a,  um. 

son,  filius,  i,  m. 

six,  sex,  indcl. 

son-in-law,  gfiner,  6ri,  m. 

size,  magnltudo,  Inis,  f. 

song,  carmen,  Inis,  n.;  cantus,  us, 

shilftd,  skilled,  p^rltus,  a,  um. 

m. 

skill,  pgrltia,  ae,  f. 

soon,  mox. 

skin,  ctltis,  is,  f . ;  pellis,  is,  f. 

sootJisayer,  haruspex,  Icis,  ni. 

skirmish,  l«5ve  praeliura. 

sorrow,  d6lor,  oris,  m. 

sky,  caelum,  i,  n. 

sort,  gfinus,  6ris,  n. 

slander,  maledico,  xi,  ctum,  3 

(c. 

soul,  anima,  ae,  f. 

dat.) 

sound,  a,  sonus,  i,  m  ;  sOnltus,   us, 

slaughter,  caedes,  is,  f. 

m. 

slave,  servus,  i,  m. 

souml,  to,  86no,  ui,  Itum,  I. 

slavery,  servltus,  utis,  f. 

sound,  altus,  a,  um. 

slay,    interflcio,    feci,    fectum. 

3; 

soundly,  alte,  b6ne. 

occldo,  cidi,  cisum,  3. 

soup,  ius,  iiiris,  n. 

sleep,  somnus,  i,  m. 

sour,  acerbus,  a,  uni. 

sleep,  to,  dormio,  ivi  or  ii,  Itum, 

4. 

sow,  sfiro,  sevi,  satum,  3. 

206 


English-Latin  Vocabulary. 


space,  spatium,  i,  n. 

statue,  statua,  ae,  f. 

spacious,  magnus,  a,  um. 

stature,  statura,  ae,  f. 

spade,  ligo,  onis,  m. 

stay,  maneo,  nsi,  nsum,  2 ;  moror, 

Spain,  Hispaiiia,  ae,  f. 

atus,  1  dep. 

spare,   parco,   pgperci,   parsum,   3 

steadily,  constanter. 

(c.  claL) 

steal,  furor,  atus,  1  dep. 

Sparta,  Sparta,  ae,  f. 
Spa7'tan,  Spartanus,  a,  um. 

stern,  s6verus,  a,  um. 

sternness,  s6veritas,  atis,  f. 

speah,  loquor,  cutus,  3  dep ;  dico, 

dick,  baculus,  i,  m. 

xi,  ctum,  3. 

stick,  to,  adhaereo,  si,  sum,  2. 

spear,  hasta,  ae,  f . 

stick  out,  exs6ro,  s6rui,  sertura,  3. 

spectacle,  spectaculum,  i,  n. 

still,  tranquillus,  a,  um. 

spectre,  spectrum,  i,  n. 

still  (i.e.  yet),  adhuc. 

speech,  oratio,  onis,  f. 

stir,  m5veo,  movi,  motum,  2. 

spend,  consume,  sumpsi,  sumptum, 

stone,  lapis,  idis,  m ;  saxum,  i,  n. 

3. 

stop,  consisto,  stiti,  stitum,  3. 

spider,  aranea,  ae,  f. 

stop  {trans.),  moror,  1  dep. 

spirit,  spiritus,  us,  m.;  animus,  i, 

store,  thesaurus,  i,  m. 

m. 

'itorm,  prScella,  ae,  f.;  tempestas, 

spit,  v6ru,  us,  n. 

spit,  to,  conspuo,  ui,  utum,  3. 

storm,  to,  expugno,  1. 

splendid,  splendidus,  a,  um. 

story,  fabtila,  ae,  f. 

splendour,  splendor,  oris,  m. 

straggler,  palans,  tis. 

spoil,  spolio,  1. 

straight,  rectus,  a,  um. 

spoils,  spolia,  orum,  n. 

strange,  mirus,  a,  um. 

sp)ort,  ludus,  i,  m. 

stranger,  hosp6s,  itis,  m.  ;  adv6na, 

spot,  IScus,  i,  m. ;  plur.  16ca. 

ae,  c. 

spread  out,  extendo,  di,  sum  and 

stratagem,  d5lus,  i,  m. 

tum,  3. 

strategy,  consilium,  i,  n. 

spring,  ver,  veris,  n. 

stream,  flumen,  inis,  n. 

spring  forward,   prosilio,  ui,    sul- 

street,  vicus,  i,  m. 

tum,  4. 

strength,  vires,  ium,  f.  ;   stabilitas, 

spy,  explorator,  oris,  m. 

atis,  f. 

squander,  dissipo,  1. 

strengthen,  firmo,  1. 

stab,  confodio,  fodi,  fossum,  3. 

stretch  out,  extendo,  di,  sum,  3. 

stag,  cervus,  i,  m. 

strew,  sterno,  stravi,  stratum,  3. 

stain,  inficio,  feci,  fectum,  3. 

strike,  strike  down,  caedo,   c6cidi. 

staTce,  palus,  i,  m. 

caesum,  3. 

stalk,  culmus,  i,  m. 

strive,  nitor,  nisus  or  nixus,  3  dep  ; 

stand,  sto,  st6ti,  statum,  1. 

certo,  1. 

stayid  by,  asto,  stiti,  1. 

strong,  validus,  a,  um  ;  fortis,  e. 

stand  up,  consurgo,  surrexi,  3. 

struggle,  certamen,  mis,  n. 

standard,  signum,  i,  n. 

struggle,  to,  luctor,  1  dej). 

star,  Stella,  ae,  f. ;  sidus,  6ris,  n. 

study,  stadium,  i,  n. 

start,  contend©,  di,  tum,  3. 

study,  to,  stiideo,  ui,  2. 

starting -p)ost,  carc6res,  um,  m. 

stupid,  stultus,  a,  um. 

state,   civitas,  atis,  f.,  respublica, 

subdue,     subjugate,     siibigo,     egi, 

reipublicae,  f. 

actum,  3. 

station,  a,  static,  onis,  f. 

subject,  to  be,  paceo,  ui,  2  (c.  dat.) 

station,  to,  loco,  I. 

subside,  decresco,  crevi,  cretum,  3. 

English-Latin  Vocabulary. 


207 


substitute,  vicarius,  i,  m. 

subtle,  callldus,  a,  iim ;   subdfthis, 

a,  urn. 
succeed,   succedo,   ssi,   ssum,  3  {c. 

dat.) 
success,  victoria,  ae,  f. ;  successus, 

us,  m. 
succ€s.'>ful,    to    be,    succedo,    cessi, 

cessum,  3. 
succour,   auxllium,   i,   n. ;   subsldi- 

um,  i,  n. 
succour,   to,   subvgnio,   veni,   ven- 

tum,  4  (c.  dat.) 
suck,  talis,  e. 
sudden,  stlbltus,  a,  um. 
suddenly,  rgpente,  stlblto,  statim. 
Suevi,  Suevi,  orum,  m. 
suffer,  patior,  passus,  3  dep. 
sufficient,  satis,  indcl.;  idoneus,  a, 

um. 
sufficiently,  satis. 
suited  for,  suitable,  aptus,  a,  um ; 

Idoneus,  a,  um. 
Sulla,  Sulla,  ae,  m. 
sum  of  money,  p6cunia,  ae,  f. 
sumyner,  aestas,  atis,  f. 
summit,  culmen,  inis,  n. 
summx)n,  v6co,  1  ;  conv6co,  1. 
sun,  sol,  solis,  m. 
sundial,  solarium,  i,  n. 
sunrise,  lux,  lucis,  f. ;  solis  ortus. 
sunset,  solis  occasus. 
sup,  coeno,  1. 

superstition,  superstitio,  ouis,  f. 
supper,  coena,  ae,  f. 
suppliant,  supplex,  Icis. 
supplies,  commeatus,  us,  m. 
supjyort,   sustlneo,   ui,  tentum,   2 ; 

sustento,  1. 
suppose,  pftto,  1. 
supreme,  supremus,  a,  um ;   sum- 

mus,  a,  um, 
sure,  certus,  a,  um. 
surgeon,  medlcus,  i,  m. 
surname,  cognomen,  Inis,  n. 
surpass,  stlp6ro,  1. 
surrender,  dedltio,  onis,  f. 
surrender,  dedo,  didi,  ditum,  3. 
surround,  circumdo,  dfidi,  datum, 

1  ;  cingo,  nxi,  nctum,  3. 


survive,  stlpersum,  fui,  esse. 
suspicion,  susplcio,  onis,  f. 
sivallotv,  hirundo,  Inis,  f. 
sivalloiv,  to,  dev6ro,  1. 
swamj),  palus,  udis,  f. 
sican,  cycnus,  i,  m. 
swear,  iuro,  1. 
sweat,  sudor,  oris,  m. 
siveet,  dulcis,  e ;  sua  vis,  e. 
swift,  c6ler,  is,  e. 
swiftly,  celgrlter. 
swiftness,  celfirltas,  atis,  f. 
swim,  no,  1  ;  nato,  1. 
swim  across,  trano,  1. 
sword,  gladius,  i,  m. 
Sylvia,  Sylvia,  ae,  f. 
Syracuse,  Syracusae,  arum,  f. 
Syracusan,  Syracusanus,  a,  um. 
Syria,  Syria,  ae,  f. 
system,  ratio,  onis,  f. 


Table,  mensa,  ae,  f. 

tablet,  tess6ra,  ae,  f. 

tail,  Cauda,  ae,  f. 

tailor,  sartor,  oris,  m. 

taint,  inflcio,  feci,  fectum,  3. 

take,  capio,  cepi,  captum,  3. 

take  auxiy,  adimo,  emi,  emptum,  3  ; 

auf6ro,  abstilli,  ablatum,  auferre. 
take  by  storm,  expugno,  1. 
take  care  of,  euro,  1. 
take  in  hand,  susclpio,  cepi,  cep- 

tum,  3. 
take  out,  eximo,  emi,  emptum,  3. 
take  up,  sumo,  sumpsi,  sumptum,  3. 
take  place,  see  happen, 
talent,  ingfinium,  i,  n. 
talk,  l6quor,  locutus,  3  dep. 
tfilkative,  l6quax,  acis. 
tall,  procerus,  a,  um. 
tam£,  mansuetus,  a,  um. 
tam£,  to,  d6mo,  ui,  Itnm,  1. 
tardy,  serus,  a,  um  ;  tardus,  a,  um. 
Tarentum,  Tarentum,  i,  n. 
Tarentine,  Tarentlnus,  a,  um. 
Tarpeia,  Tarpeia,  ae,  f. 
Tarquin,  Tarqulnius,  i,  m. 
tarry,  m5ror,  cunctor,  1  dep. 
taste i  gusto,  1. 


208 


English-Latin  Vocabulary. 


Tatius,  Tatius,  i,  m. 

thin,  macer,  era,  crum  ;  tenuis,  e. 

tax,  tributum,  i,  n. ;  vectigal,  alis,  n. 

thing,  res,  rei,  f. 

teach,  doceo,  ui,  ctum,  2. 

think,  ptito,  1  ;  censeo,  ui,  2 ;  exis- 

teacher,  magister,  tri,  m. 

timo,  1  ;  cogito,  i. 

tear,  lacrima,  ae,  f. 

third,  tertius,  a,  um. 

tea7',  to,  scindo,  scidi,  scissum,  3  ; 

thirst,  sitis,  is,  f. 

(match),  rapio,  ui,  ptum,  3. 

thirteen,  tredecim,  indcL 

tear  asunder,  in  pieces,  dilanio,  1 . 

tJiirty,  triginta,  indcl. 

tear  out,  evello,  velli,  vulsum,  3. 

this,  hie,  haec,  hoc. 

tell,  dico,  xi,  ctum,  3  ;  nuntio,  1 . 

thither,  eo,  illuc. 

temerity,  t6m6ritas,  atis,  f. 

thou,  tu,  tui. 

temper,  animus,  i,  m. 

though,   quamvis   (c.    suhj.);  quan- 

temperate,  modicus,  a,  um. 

quam  (c.  ind.) 

tempest,   tempestas,    atis,    f.;   pro- 

thousand,  mille,  indcl.  adj.;  millia. 

cella,  ae,  f. 

ium,  subst. 

temple,    templum,     i,    n. ;    aedes, 

threaten,  minor,  1  dep.  (c.  dat.  of 

is,f. 

person. ) 

ten,  decern,  indcl. 

three,  tres,  tria. 

tent,  tentorium,  i,  n. 

three  hundred,  trgcenti,  ae,  a. 

terrible,  dirus,  a,  um. 

three  times,  thrice,  ter. 

terrify,  terreo,  ui,  Itum,  2  :  territo, 

threshing-floor,  area,  ae,  f. 

1. 

thrift,  parsimonia,  ae,  f. 

territory,  fines,  ium,  m. 

thrifty,  parous,  a,  um. 

terror,  terror,  oris,  m. 

throat,  fauces,  ium,  f . ;  guttur,  uris, 

test,  tento,  pertento,  1  ;   expgrior, 

n. 

pertus,  4  dep. 

throne,  s6lium,  i,  n. 

Thames,  Tamgsis,  is,  m. 

through,  per  (c.  ace.) 

than,  quam. 

throw,  coniicio,  ieci,  iectum,  3. 

thanks,  gratiae,  arum,  f. 

thrush,  turdus,  i,  m. 

that,  ille,  a,  ud  ;  is,  ea,  id ;  iste,  a. 

thrust,  iniicio,  ieci,  iectum,  3. 

ud. 

thumb,  poUex,  icis,  m. 

that  (conj.),  ut,  quo. 

thunder,  thunderbolt,  tonitrus,   us, 

theatre,  theatrum,  i,  n. 

m. 

Theban,  Thebanus,  i,  m. 

thunder,  to,  tono,  ui,  itum,  1. 

Thebes,  Thebae,  arum,  f. 

thunderbolt,  fulmen,  Inis,  n. 

theft,  furtum,  i,  n. 

thus,  sic,  ita. 

their,  eorum,  earum,  eorum ;  {own). 

thy,  tuus,  a,  um. 

suus,  a,  um. 

thyrsus,  thyrsus,  i,  m. 

Themistocles,  Themistocles,  is,  m. 

Tiber,  Tib6ris,  is,  m. 

then,  tum  ;  tunc  ;  deinde. 

ticket,  tessgra,  ae,  f. 

thence,  inde. 

tide,  aestus,  us,  m. 

there,  Ibi,  illic. 

tie,  alligo,  1. 

therefore,  igitur,  itaque. 

tiger,  tigris,  is,  c. 

Thermopi/lae,  Thermopylae,  arum, 

tight,  contentus,  a,  um. 

f. 

tile,  tegiila,  ae,  f. 

Thetis,  Thetis,  idis,  f. 

till,  donee,  dum,  quoad. 

thick,   crassus,  a,  um ;   densus,  a, 

till,  to,  colo,  ui,  cultum,  3. 

um. 

time,  tempus,  oris,  n. 

thicket,  dumetum,  i,  n. 

timely,  opportunus,  a,  um. 

thief,  fur.  is,  c. 

timid,  timidus,  a,  um. 

English-Latin  Vocabulary. 


201) 


7'imon,  Timon,  onis,  m, 

Tlryns,  Tiryns,  jmthis,  f. 

TituSy  Titus,  i,  m. 

to,  in,  ad.  (c.  ace. ) 

to-day,  h6die. 

together,  slmul,  una. 

toil,  labor,  oris,  m. 

token,     indicium,     i,    n.  ;    pledge, 
pignus,  6ris,  n. 

tolerably,  sfttis,  admddum. 

tolerate,    patior,    passua,    3    dep. ; 
t6l6ro,  1. 

tomh,  sgpulcrum,  i,  n. ;  tttmtdus,  i,  m. 

to-morrow,  eras. 

tongue,  lingua,  ae,  f. 

too,  too  much,  nimis,  nlmium  ;  {adj. ) 
nimius,  a,  um. 

tooth,  dens,  tis,  m. 

top,  summus,  a,  um. 

torch,  taeda,  ae,  f.;  fax,  facis,  f, 

torment,  ertlciatus,  us,  m. 

torn,  lacer,  6ra,  6nim. 

Torquatus,  Torquatus,  i,  m. 

touch,  tango,  tetlgi,  tactum,  3. 

touch  at,  appello,  ptlli,  pulsum,  3. 

towards,  versus,  erga,  ad  {allc.  ace.) 

tower,  turns,  is,  f. 

toim,  oppldum,  i,  n. 

townsman,  oppldanus,  i,  m. 

trace,  vestigium,  i,  n. 

tract,  tractus,  ua,  m. 

train,  exerceo,  ui,  Itum,  2. 

traitor,  prodltor,  oris,  m. 

tranquil,  tranquillus,  a,  um. 

tranquillity,  tranquillltas,  atis,  f. 

transact,  ago,  egi,  actum,  3. 

transcribe,  transcribe,  scripsi,  scrip- 
turn,  3. 

transfer,  transport,  transfgro,  ttlli, 
latum,  ferre. 

travel.  Iter  fac6re. 

traveller,  viator,  oris,  m. 

treacherous,  perfldus,  a,  um. 

treachery,  perfidia,  ae,  f. 

tread  on,  conculco,  1. 

treason,  prodltio,  onis,  f. 

treasure,  thesaurus,  i,  m. 

treasury,  aerarium,  i,  n. 

treat,  tracto,  1. 

treaty,  foedus,  6ris,  n. 
B.I.  IF. 


tree,  arbor,  5ris,  f. 

tremble,  trfimo,  ui,  3. 

tribe,  trlbus,  us,  f. 

tribunal,  trlbiinal,  alis,  n. 

tribune,  trlbunus,  i,  m. 

tribuneship,  trtbunatus,  us,  m. 

tribute,  trlbfltum,  i,  n. 

triumph,  triumphus,  i,  m. 

triumph,  to,  triumpho,  1. 

Trojan,  Troianus,  i,  m. 

troop,  turma,  ae,  f. 

troops,  cOpiae,  arum,  f. 

trophy,  trOpaeum,  i,  n. 

trouble,  6p6ra,  ae,  f. 

trouble,  to,  turbo,  1. 

troublesome,  mOlestus,  a,  um. 

Troy,  Troia,  ae,  f. 

tru^e,  indutiae,  arum,  f. 

true,  verus,  a,  um  ;  truly,  vere. 

trumpet,  ttiba,  ae,  f. ;  lltuus,  i,  m. 

trumpeter,  ttlblcen,  Inis,  m. 

trunk,  truncus,  i,  m. ;  {of  an  ele 

phant),  proboscis,  Idis,  f. 
trust,   to,   credo,   didi,   ditum,    3; 

confido,  fisus  sum,  3. 
trust,  fides,  ei,  f. 
trusty,  ftdelis,  e  ;  fid  us,  a,  um, 
truth,  Veritas,  atis,  f. ;  vGrum,  i,  n. 
try,  Conor,  1,  dep. 
tiift,  floccus,  i,  m. 
Tullius,  Tullius,  i,  m. 
Tullus,  Tullus,  i,  m. 
tumult,  tttmultus,  Gs,  m. 
turn,  verto,  ti,  sum,  .3. 
turn,  out,  ev6nio,  veni,  ventum,  4. 
turn,  in,  invlcem. 
turnip,  rapum,  i,  n. 
twelve,  duodficim,  indcl. 
tioentieth,  viceslmus,  a,  um. 
tujenty,  viginti,  indcl. 
tunce,  bis. 
tung,  virga,  ae,  f. 
ttcist,  torqueo,  si,  tum,  2. 
two,  duo,  ae,  o. 
ttco  hundred,  dticenti,  ae,  a. 
Tykr,  Tylerius,  i,  m. 
tyrant,  tyrannus,  i,  n. 

Ugliness,  dgformltas,  atis,  L 
ugly,  turpis,  e. 

O 


210 


English-Latin  Vocabulary. 


Ulysses,  Ulysses,  is,  m. 
unaccustomed,  insdlitus,  a,  um. 
unarmed,  inermis,  e. 
unavenged,  inultus,  a,  um. 
uncertain,  incertus,  a,  um. 
uncle,  patruus,  i,  m. 
uncidtivated,  incultus,  a,  um. 
undaunted,  impavldus,  a,  um. 
under,  sub  (c.  ahl.  or  ace), 
undergo,  stibeo,  ivi  or  ii,  4. 
undermine,  subruo,  ui,  fitum,  3. 
understand,  intelligo,  lexi,  lectum,  3. 
undertalce,  suscipio,  eepi,  ceptum,  3. 
undertaking,  inceptum,  i,  n. 
undisciplined,  radis,  e. 
undutiful,  impius,  a,  um. 
unequal,  impar,  paris. 
unexpected,    insperatus,     a,     um  j 

ii6c6plnatus,  a,  um, 
2uifair,  Iniquus,  a,  um. 
unfortunate,  infelix,  icis. 
unfriendly,  inlmicus,  a,  um. 
ungrateful,  mgratus,  a,  um. 
unJiappy,  infelix,  icis. 
unJiarmed,    unhurt,    integer,    gra, 

grum. 
unity,  Concordia,  ae,  f. 
universal,  unlversus,  a,  um. 
imjust,  iniustus,  a,  um. 
unhioivn,  ign5tus,  a,  um. 
unless,  nisi. 
unlike,  dissimllis,  e. 
unlucky,  infelix,  icis ;  infaustus,  a, 

um. 
unmindful,  immemor,  6ris  (c.  gen.) 
unpleasant,  ingratus,  a,  um. 
unpunished,  inultus,  a,  um. 
unseasonable,  inopportimus,  a,  um. 
unsuspecting,  imprudens,  tis. 
until,  dum  ;  donee  ;  quoad. 
untouched,  intactus,  a,  um. 
unwarlike,  imbellis,  e. 
unwilling,  invitus,  a,  um. 
unwilling,  to  he,  nolo,  nolui,  nolle. 
unworthy,  indignus,  a,  um  (c.  ahl.) 
U2ohraid,  exprobro,  1. 
uphold,  sustineo,  ui,  tentum,  2. 
upon,  sftper  (c.  ahl. ) ;  in  (c.  ahl. ) 
uprightness,  prSbltas,  atis,  f. 
up  to,  tcnus  (c.  ahl.) 


Urhinius,  Urbinius,  i,  m. 

urge,  urgeo,  ursi,  2. 

use,  usus,  us,  m. 

use,  to,  utor,  usus,  3,  dep.  (c.  ahl.) 

useful,  utilis,  e. 

useless,  inutilis,  e. 

iisiuil,  s5litus,  a,  um. 

usually,  fgre. 

utte?',  edo,  didi,  ditum,  3. 

Vain,  vanus,  a,  um ;  inanis,  e. 

vainly,  in  vain, irnstr a.;  nequiquam. 

Valerius,  Valerius,  i,  m 

valley,  vallis,  is,  f. 

valour,  virtus,  utis,  f. 

value,  prgtium,  i,  n. 

value,  to,  aestimo,  1. 

valuable,  pr6tiosus,  a,  um. 

vanish,  evanesco,  evanui,  3. 

vanity,  vanitas,  atis,  f. 

vanquish,  vinco,  vici,  victum,  3. 

variety,  varietas,  atis,  f. 

various,  varying,  vSrius,  a,  um. 

Varro,  Varro,  onis,  m. 

Varus,  Varus,  i,  m. 

vast,  ingens,  tis. 

Veientes,  Veientes,  um,  m. 

venture,  audeo,  ausus,  2,  dep. 

Venus,  Vgnus,  6ris,  f. 

very,  ipse,  a,  um. 

very  small,  parvttlus,  a,  um. 

vessel,  navis,  is,  f.  ;  navigium,  i,  n. 

Vesta,  Vesta,  ae,  f. 

veteran,  v6t6ranus,  i,  m. 

vex,  vexo,   1  ;  ango,  xi,  ctum  and 

xum,  3. 
vice,  vitium,  i,  n. 
vicious,  pravus,  a,  um. 
victor,  victor,  oris,  m. 
victoi'ious,  victor,  oris,  m ;  victrix, 

icis,  f. 
victory,  victoria,  ae,  f. 
vigilance,  vigilantia,  ae,  f. 
vigour,  vigor,  oris,  m ;  vires,  ium,  f. 
village,  vicus,  i,  m. 
villain,  sc6lestus,  a,  um. 
vine,  vitis,  is,  f. 
vine  leaf,  pampinus,  i,  f. 
vineyard,  vinea,  ae,  f, 
violate,  violo,  1. 


English-Latin  Vocabulary. 


211 


violent,  viOlentus,  a,  um. 

vxitersnake,  hydra,  ae,  f. 

violence,  vis,  ace.  vim,  nhL  vi,  f. 

wave,  fluctus,  iis,  m. 

virgin,  virgo,  Inis,  f. 

icavering,  dtlbius,  a,  um. 

virtue,  virtus,  utis,  f. 

loay,  via,  ae,  f.;  Iter,  itingris,  n.  j 

virtuous,  pr6bus,  a,  um. 

manner,  m6dus,  i,  m. 

vision,  visus,  us,  m;  dream,  som- 

we,  nos,  nostri  or  nostrum. 

nium,  i,  n. 

weak,  infirmus,  a,  um. 

visit,  viso,  si,  sum,  3. 

weaken,  minuo,  ui,  utum,  3. 

visit  {loith  punishment),  afftcio,  feci, 

weakness,  debllltas,  atis,  f. 

fectum,  3. 

wealth,     5pes,    um,    f.  j    divltiae, 

voice,  vox,  cis,  f. 

arum,  f. 

void,  expers,  tis. 

wealthy,  dives,  Itis ;  lficux)les,  etis. 

Volsci,  Volsci,  orum,  m. 

weapon,  telum,  i,  n. 

vote,  votum,  i,  n. 

wear  away,  det6ro,  trivi,  tritum,  3. 

voio,  to,  voveo,  vovi,  votum,  2. 

loeary,  fessus,  a,  um. 

Vulcan,  Vulcanus,  i,  m. 

weave,  texo,  ui,  xtum,  3. 

vidture,  vultur,  tlris,  m. 

web,  tela,  ae,  f. 

weep,  fleo,  flevi,  fletum,  2. 

Wage,  g6ro,  gessi,  gestum,  3. 

weight,  pondus,  6ris,  n. 

waggon,  plaustrum,  i,  n. 

weighty,  grftvis,  e. 

wailing,  ploratus,  us,  m. 

well,  a,  pilteus,  i,  m. 

wait,  mSneo,  nsi,  nsum,  2. 

well,  bene. 

loaitfor,  expecto,  1. 

well,  to  be,  valeo,  ui,  2. 

wake,  exdto,  1  (trans.)  j  he  awake, 

well  knoivn,  it  is,  constat,  1,  impers. 

vigilo,  1. 

west,  occldens,  tis,  m. 

walk,  ambtilo,  1. 

wet,  mftdldus,  a,  um. 

walk  about,  deambttlo,  1. 

wet,  to  get,  mftdesco,  ui,  3, 

wall,   murus,   i,  m.  ;    toimi  walls, 

whale,  balaena,  ae,  f. 

moenia,  ium,  n. 

tchat  (in  order  of  number),  quotus, 

wand,  virga,  ae,  f. 

a,  um  ;  lohat  o'clock,  qu6ta  hora. 

wander,  erro,  1 ;  vigor,  palor,  1,  dep. 

when,  quum  ;  ttbi ;  (interrogative), 
quando;  whenever,  quandocunque. 

loandering,  error,  oris,  ra. 

loant,  InSpia,  ae,  f. 

whence,  unde. 

ivant,  to.     See  to  be  willing. 

where,  qua,  dbi ;  (interrogative),  tibi. 

ivanting,  to  he,  desum,  fui,  esse. 

wher^ore,  itSque,  Igltur. 

ivar,  bellum,  i,  n. 

whether,  utrum  ;  num  ;  sivg. 

tcarlike,  belllcosus,  a,  um. 

whether  of  the  two,  titer,  tra,  trum. 

warm,  cftlldus,  a,  um. 

which,  qui,  quae,  quod. 

warm,  to  grow,  cftlesco,  3. 

while,  dum. 

ivarmth,  calor,  oris,  m. 

whip,  flagellum,  i,  n. 

vmrn,  m6neo,  ui,  itum,  2. 

white,  candldus,  a,  um. 

tcarrior,  bellator,  oris,  m. 

whither,  quo. 

wart,  verrfica,  ae,  f. 

who,  qui,  quae,  quod ;  (interroga- 
tive), quis,  quid. 

wary,  cautus,  a,  um. 

ivash,  1ft vo,  lavi,  lotum,  1. 

whole,  totus,  a,  um. 

waste,  disslpo,  1 ;  lay  waste,  vasto,  1. 

why,  cur. 

toastes,  deserta,  onim,  n. 

wicked,  mftlus,  a,  um. 

watch,  vigllia,  ae,  f. 

wide,  latus,  a,  um. 

tvatch,  to,  vtgllo,  1. 

widow,  v!dua,  ae,  f. 

water,  Squa,  ae,  f. 

tr(/*e,  uxor,  oris,  f. 

212 


English-Latin  Vocabulary. 


vnld,  fSrus,  a,  um. 

work,  5pus,  6ris,  n. 

wild  beast,  f6ra,  ae,  f . 

work,  to,  laboro,  1. 

wild  boar,  aper,  pri,  m. 

workman,  artifex,  Icis,  c. 

loill,  voluntas,  atis,  f . 

ivorkshop,  offlcina,  ae,  f. 

willing,  to  be,  v6lo,  v5lui,  veUe. 

loorU,  mundus,  i,  m. 

ivillingly,  Itibenter. 

worm,  vermis,  is,  m. 

window,  fenestra,  ae,  f. 

worn  out,  confectus,  a,  um. 

win  over,  concllio,  1. 

worship,  c5lo,  ui,  cultum,  3. 

wind,  ventus,  i,  m. 

worth,  to  be,  valeo,  ui,  2. 

wine,  vinum,  i,  n. 

worthy,  dignus,  a,  um  (c.  abl.) 

wing,  ala,  ae,  f.;  of  an  army,  cornu, 

worthy,  to  deem,   dignor,    1,   dep. 

us,  n. 

(c.  abl.) 

winged,  al6s,  itis ;  alatus,  a,  um. 

ivould  that,  tltlnam  (c.  subj.) 

winter,  hiems,  gmis,  f . 

wound,  vulnus,  6ris,  n. 

vnnter  quarters,  hibema,  orum,  n. 

wound,  to,  vulngro,  1. 

wisdom,  sa,pientia,  ae,  f. 

wrap,  involvo,  vi,  iitum,  3. 

wise,  sapiens,  tis. 

wrath,  ira,  ae,  f. 

wish,  voluntas,  atis,  f.;   sttidium. 

wreck,  naufragium,  i,  n. 

i,  n. 

ivreck,  to,  frango,  fregi,  fractum,  3. 

vnsh,  to.     See  to  be  willing. 

wreath,  sertum,  i,  n. 

ivit,  inggnium,  i,  n. 

wretched,  miser,  6ra,  grum. 

with,  cum  (c.  abl.) 

write,  scribo,  scripsi,  scriptum,  3. 

withdraw,  concede,  cessi,  cessum,  3. 

writer,  scriptor,  oris,  m. 

wither,  marceo,  ui,  2. 

wrong,  a,  iniuria,  ae,  f. 

within,  intra  (c.  ace.) ;  {adv.),  intus. 

without,    sine    (c.    abl.);    {outside), 

Xanthippus,  Xanthippus,  i,  m. 

extra  (c.  ace.)  {adv.)  extra. 

Xenophon,  X6nophon,  phontis,  m. 

without    the    knowledge    of,    clam 

Xerxes,  Xerxes,  is,  m. 

(c.  abl) 

withstand,  rgsisto,   stiti,  stitum,  3 

Year,  annus,  i,  m. 

(c.  dat.) 

yearly,  every  year,  quStannis. 

witness,  testis,  is,  c. 

yellow,  flavus,  a,  um. 

witness,  call  to,  tester,  1  dep. 

yesterday,  h6ri. 

woe,  vae  (interjection). 

yet,    as   yet,    adhuc ;   nevertheless, 

looe.     See  grief. 

tamen. 

wolf,  Itipus,  i,  m. 

yield,  cedo,  ssi,  ssum,  3. 

woman,  mtilier,  6ris,  f . ;  f emina,  ae,  f . 

yoke,  iiigum,  i,  n. 

womanly,  mtiliebris,  e. 

you,  vos,  vestri  or  vestrum. 

wonder,  wonder  at,  miror,  1  dep. 

young,  iiiv6nis,  e. 

wonderful,  mirus,  a,  um. 

young  {ones),  puUi,  orum,  m. 

wonderfully,  mire. 

your,  vester,  tra,  trum. 

wont,  to  be,  s6leo,  s5lltus,  2. 

youth,  a,  ittv6nis,   is ;  adSlescens, 

wood,  a,'silva,  ae,  f. 

tis,  c. 

wood,  matgries,  ei,  f. 

youth,  itiventiis,  utis,  f. 

woodcock,  attagen,  enis,  m. 

youthful.     See  young. 

wooden,  Ijgneus,  a,  um. 

looodman,  lignator,  oris,  m. 

Zeal,  sttidium,  i,  n. 

wool,  lana,  ae,  f. 

Zeno,  Zeno,  onis,  m. 

word,  verbum,  i,  n. 

Zeuxis,  Zeuxis,  Zeuxidis,  m. 

EDINBURGH  :    T.    AND   A.    CONSTABLEj    PRINTERS   TO  HER  MAJEBTY. 


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